PHA-Exchange> FW: Impact of International Trade in Goods and Services on Public Health - HNPFlash #49 (June 2004)
David Legge
D.Legge at latrobe.edu.au
Tue Jun 22 18:00:16 PDT 2004
fyi
apols for xposting
dl
________________________________
From: Eyanick at worldbank.org on behalf of hnpflash at worldbank.org
Sent: Wed 23/06/2004 3:45 AM
To: HNP Flash
Subject: Impact of International Trade in Goods and Services on Public Health - HNPFlash #49 (June 2004)
I. Topic Article - Impact of International Trade in Goods and Services on
Public Health
II. Publications
III. Useful Websites
IV. Conferences and Training Events
V. Jobs, Jobs, Jobs
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***Impact of International Trade in Goods and Services on Public Health***
The Impact of International Trade in Goods and Services on Public Health,
sponsored by WBI and The Public Health Thematic Group, was held on May 27-28,
2004 at the World Bank Headquarters in Washington DC. The main objective of
this 1.5 day training course was to raise awareness and improve understanding of
World Bank staff related to two major international trade agreements (TRIPS and
GATS), and the implications of those agreements at the country level with regard
to access to essential medicines, quality standards, and health service delivery
and reforms. Jacques Baudouy, Sector Director, HDNHE, opened the course by
stating that this is a growing area, which needs to be supported by more cutting
edge work.
In the first session, presentations from the World Trade Organization (WTO), a
consumer group, and the pharmaceutical industry were used to highlight the range
of perspectives held in the international community which are played out at the
country-level around access to essential medicines, and the role of patents, as
expressed in the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights)
Agreement and the Doha Declaration. Participants learned that the interpretation
of these agreements varies and that implementation is left up to countries. What
is key is that countries are able to balance protection of public health and the
economic benefits that might arise out of free trade. In addition, Ministries of
Health are not often involved in trade discussions and/or preparation for them,
which hampers the process and the eventual implementation at country level.
Finally, the session closed by Ramesh Govindaraj (AFTH1) raising the question of
whether it is possible to move beyond patents as a way to protect intellectual
property rights, and whether there are other ways to bring products to market.
The second session focused on quality standards and the implications for
cross-border trade, through a presentation from the U.S. Pharmocopeia and
discussion by John Wilson (TUDTR) and Rudolph van Puymbroek (HDNGA), of the
World Bank. In this session, participants learned of the clear economic benefits
from harmonizing standards, but that there are some disincentives for industry.
Regulations in this area are key. The session also introduced the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) concept and how labeling, packaging, and quality
requirements for products, such as pharmaceuticals and vaccines, affect
countries? ability to trade and the cost of doing so.
Through a series of presentations by Joy de Beyer (HDNHE), PAHO, and Essential
Action, the third session addressed trade in tobacco products which is on the
rise, and the ensuring public health effects. The case of Thailand, which
attempted to regulate trade in tobacco products, was presented to highlight the
legal challenges that undermine country tobacco control efforts. The Framework
Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) was presented and discussed, as well as
effectiveness of regulations to control advertising of tobacco products.
Taxation appears to be an effective policy to limit demand.
The second half-day of the course focused on trade in health services. Aaditya
Mattoo (DECRG) gave a sterling presentation on the Global Agreement on Trade in
Services (GATS) which creates a set of general rules for negotiation of trade:
there is no discrimination between countries, and that negotiations be
transparent. Trade in health services acts through four modes: cross-border
trade (information services, telemedicine); movement of consumers (medical
tourism); foreign direct investment (foreign-owned hospitals, etc.); and
temporary movement of health professionals. He argued that there are definite
gains from trade for countries, but that domestic, legal forces and regulations
can prevent these gains. Under the GATS, are the benefits from trade
implementable without affecting sovereignty and undermining the scope for
desirable policy? The presentation also noted that health services have been the
least committed area of the GATS so far, and that ministries of health are often
outside of the preparation and/or negotiations of restrictions in this area.
This presentation was complemented by two additional presentations. The first,
Logan Brenzel (HNDHE) examined the ways in which trade in health services,
specifically, movement of consumers (medical tourism) may affect access, equity,
efficiency, and quality of health service delivery in recipient countries. The
question was raised as to whether there is current capacity at country level to
regulate trade in health services, and whether the additional costs of doing so
would be greater than the gains from trade? Case examples from Jordan, which has
taken a policy decision to pursue medical tourism as a means of generating
economic growth in the sector, and Singapore, which has seen both positive and
negative outcomes from medical tourism, were presented. Finally, the course
wound up with a presentation by Debra Lipson, AAHSA who discussed portability of
health insurance, which is one of the main barriers to expanding trade in health
services if consumers in one location, cannot be covered under their insurance
for services rendered in another location. The module identified possible
reasons for lack of portability (higher cost to determine quality standards,
liability issues, etc.). One of the main messages out of these two presentations
is that there is currently a dearth of information on the magnitude, costs and
benefits of trade in health services, as this is not something that is routinely
being tracked at country level.
The course closed with a panel discussion on the previous days? topics and a
brainstorming about what the World Bank could do in the future in this area. It
was agreed that this is a cutting edge area of knowledge that needs to be
explored in greater detail.
Presentations and background documents will be available on the HNP website
shortly (http://www1.worldbank.org/hnp) and the seminar will be broadcast
through B-SPAN (http://info.worldbank.org/etools/bspan/EventView.asp?EID=601)
Thank you to Logan Brenzel and Jumana Qamruddin for their contributions to our
topic article.
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***Publications***
Saba Arbache Filho, Jorge and Carneiro, Francisco G., "Assessing the Impacts of
Trade on Poverty and Inequality" http://ssrn.com/abstract=447165
*******************
Several publications have been added to the HNP Discussion Paper series (
http://www1.worldbank.org/hnp/pub_discussion.asp).
Alderman H and J Behrman. April 2004. Estimated Economic Benefits of
Reducing Low Birth Weight in Low-Income Countries.
Bozicevic I, A Gilmore and S Oreskovic. March 2004. The Tobacco Epidemic in
South-East Europe: Consequences and Policy Responses.
Chhabra R, C Rokx. May 2004. The Nutrition MDG Indicator: Interpreting
Progress
Elder LK. March 2004. Interactive Learning Exchanges: Exploring Strategies to
Reach and Work with Adolescents.
Lindsay S, M Kirby E Baris and R Bos. April 2004. Environmental Management
for Malaria Control in the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region.
Click here for a complete listing of available World Bank Health, Nutrition, &
Population publications http://www1.worldbank.org/hnp/publication.asp.
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***Useful Websites & Tools***
Have you checked out the Public Health at a Glance website lately? Several new
factsheets have been added -- including Preventing HIV Infections in Infants &
Young Children; Youth & HIV/AIDS; and Tobacco Quitlines.
Click here
http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/HDNet/hddocs.nsf/c840b59b6982d2498525670c004def60/1d7e844d1410a53385256a42004a075f?OpenDocument
*******************
The World Development Indicators (WDI) is the World Bank's premier annual
compilation of data about development. WDI 2004 includes approx. 800 indicators
in 87 tables, organized in six sections: World View, People, Environment,
Economy, States and Markets, and Global Links. The tables cover 152 economies
and 14 country groups-with basic indicators for a further 55 economies. The WDI
print edition offers the current overview of reliable data from the past few
years. For more information please visit
http://www.worldbank.org/data/onlinedatabases/onlinedatabases.html
*******************
NEW PROFILES WEB SITE LAUNCHED - PROFILES, a highly effective computer-based
process for estimating the far-reaching consequences of malnutrition, assessing
the short- and long-range benefits of combating nutritional deficiencies, and
communicating these findings to decision-makers, has launched
http://www.aedprofiles.org. The new website allows visitors to calculate the
number of maternal deaths caused by iron deficiency and under five deaths due to
underweight using recent epidemiological findings. The Underweight Calculator
also estimates the number of lives that could be saved if a nutrition
intervention is put into place. The PROFILES process, which has been used in
over 25 countries around the world since 1993, addresses a variety of nutrition
problems including stunting, underweight, sub-optimal breastfeeding, vitamin A
deficiency, iodine deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Through interactive
simulations, PROFILES demonstrates the contribution that improved nutrition can
make to various sectors such as health, education, agriculture and economy in a
given country and/or region. PROFILES spreadsheet software is available in
three main languages: English, Spanish and French. For the purpose of policy
dialogue, the messages have been translated into many more languages, including
Chinese and Swahili. PROFILES' epidemiological models are regularly updated and
expanded to integrate new knowledge and address new challenges such as chronic
diseases.
*******************
B-SPAN is an internet-based broadcasting station that presents World Bank
seminars, workshops, and conferences on a variety of sustainable development and
poverty reduction issues.
B-SPAN provides regular broadcasts of World Bank events through "webcasts" over
the Internet. The Bank hosts numerous seminars, workshops and conferences at its
Washington, DC headquarters where some of the world's leading experts and
practitioners in the financial, poverty, health, education, legal,
environmental, and energy fields discuss the latest developments in their
sectors. Unfortunately, these live events are only attended by a small fraction
of the potential audience that would be interested in participating. B-SPAN
seeks to fill this gap by allowing those with Internet access, both Bank staff
unable to attend and those outside the Bank to watch these seminars. These
webcasts allow anyone to participate and have access to information and
expertise that had once been reserved for a select few. For recipients of B-SPAN
in the developing world, this is an especially exciting opportunity to have a
constructive source of information on issues affecting them directly.
B-SPAN provides transparency and accountability by showing unedited footage of
the latest thinking and practices by policymakers on issues affecting developing
world stakeholders. Unlike conventional broadcasting outlets, B-SPAN streams
events on the Internet, archives them on the B-SPAN website, and has them in
their original unedited format, as well as indexed files which provide quick
access to specific speakers. B-SPAN lends authenticity to these broadcasts, free
from the traditional extensive editing and post-production efforts that "polish"
the final product by erasing glitches, misspeaks and inaccuracies.
On its website, B-SPAN permanently archives its video files, and has evolved
into a virtual library of information on a variety of development and poverty
issues. B-SPAN's webcasts are free and available to anyone with access to the
Internet. Users need only to download a free version of RealPlayer, a software
that allows the playing of archived videos on a personal computer.
Click here for more information:
http://info.worldbank.org/etools/bspan/index.asp
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***Conferences and Training Events***
The XV International AIDS Conference Bangkok 11-16 July 2004 (
http://www.aids2004.org/), links community and science to galvanize the world?s
response to HIV/AIDS through increased commitment, leadership and
accountability. Click here for World Bank sponsored events -
http://www1.worldbank.org/hiv_aids/docs/WBActivitiesBKK2004.doc
*******************
The "International Conference on Overcoming Health Disparities: Global
Experiences from Partnerships Between Communities, Health Services and Health
Professional Schools" October 6-10, 2004 in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Co-sponsored
by Community-Campus Partnerships for Health and The Network: Toward Unity for
Health, the conference will kick off on Wednesday, October 6th with an evening
reception at the National Center for Primary Care Auditorium at the Morehouse
School of Medicine. Dr. David Satcher, Director of the National Center for
Primary Care and the 16th Surgeon General of the United States will be the
opening keynote speaker.
Upcoming Conference Deadlines:
Poster Hall and Thematic Poster Session Abstracts can be submitted at
http://www.the-networktufh.org/conference/abstract.asp. Please note that the
deadline is July 1, 2004.
Registration for the conference is now open at
http://www.the-networktufh.org/conference/registration.asp.
Register by July 1st for the lowest rate!
The Call for Abstracts/Registration Brochure and Exhibitor/Co-Sponsor Brochure
are available at www.ccph.info
During the conference, participants will visit innovative community-based
programs and partnerships in the Atlanta area. If you would like to recommend a
possible site visit, please contact Jen Kauper-Brown at jenbr at u.washington.edu
for details.
*******************
The International Rescue Committee is pleased to announce the schedule for the
upcoming Public Health in Complex Emergencies (PHCE) training programs in 2004.
June 28-July 10 - American University of Beirut, Lebanon
July 26-August 7 - Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, Bangkok, Thailand
November 1-14 - Institute of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala,
Uganda
World Education, Inc., in collaboration with the Mailman School of Public Health
at Columbia University and the International Rescue Committee, is implementing
this two-week residential course with the following regional partners:
American University of Beirut in Lebanon; Makerere University, Institute for
Public Health in Uganda, and the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center in Thailand.
The course is intended for:
NGO/PVO staff who are responsible now (or may be in the near future) for
making decisions that affect the health of refugees and internally displaced
persons.
District medical officers and other Ministry of Health staff working in
regions affected by complex emergencies.
Staff from international and governmental organizations instrumental in
planning services for people affected by complex emergencies.
A color brochure and application forms can be downloaded from the internet at:
<http://www.theirc.org/phce>
*******************
The World Bank Institute's (WBI) learning programs are organized around themes
and offer courses, seminars, policy advice, and other events that cover all
aspects of today's development agenda. Visit the learning program websites for
learning resources, information on events and courses, online newsletters and
materials, interactive data, and more.
Health, Nutrition, Population:
http://info.worldbank.org/etools/wbihd/hnp/events.asp
AIDS: http://info.worldbank.org/etools/wbihd/aids/events.asp
Adapting to Change: Learning Program on Population, Reproductive Health and
Health Sector Reform - Achieving the Millennium Development Goals: Poverty
Reduction, Reproductive Health and Health Sector Reform. October 18-29, 2004
ILO Training Center, Turin, Italy Please click here to view/download brochure (
http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/reprohealth/core2004_brochure.pdf) and application
(http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/reprohealth/lany_final.doc).
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***Jobs, Jobs, Jobs***
Please visit http://lnweb28.worldbank.org/hrs/careers.nsf/Vacancies for open
positions at the World Bank.
*******************
President, IntraHealth International Inc. in Chapel Hill, North Carolina (
http://www.intrah.org).
The President has primary responsibility for setting long-term strategic
priorities and for ensuring the organization?s fiscal health.
Responsibilities:
- Work with the Board of Directors and executive team to provide overall
strategic vision and leadership in planning and managing the fiscal, technical,
administrative, and program operations of the organization.
- Take a leading role in long-range organizational planning to identify goals
and the best means to achieve those goals.
- Actively participate in activities to secure funds from the federal
government, foundations, private donors and other benefactors.
Primary Duties Include:
? Ensure the organization?s fiscal health and evaluate its fiscal performance.
? Actively engage in U.S. federal government proposal monitoring and
development, international donor solicitations, foundation cultivation and
private donor solicitation.
? Evaluate and advise on long-range planning, introduction of new strategies and
programs and on federal government compliance and regulation.
? Cultivate and engage Board members in the workings of the organization and
chair Board meetings.
? Implement and enforce policies and procedures of the organization using
systems that will improve the overall operation and effectiveness of the
organization.
? Provide strategic input and leadership on financial decision making regarding
project close-out, financial audits, health and welfare costs and facilities
management.
? Ensure a reliable cash flow projection process and reporting mechanism which
includes minimum cash threshold to meet operating needs.
? Fundraise with public and private donors to ensure sufficient resources are
available to accomplish international goals and objectives.
? Cultivate partnerships with federal government contractors, major private
donors, bilateral and multilateral organizations and other NGOs to ensure the
continued success of IntraHealth International.
? Serve as key leader, manager and business partner to the executive team,
ensuring long term strategies and priorities are met.
Requires:
? More than 10 years of executive level experience leading a multi-million
dollar organization or federally-funded project.
? Extensive management experience, including the ability to motivate, lead, set
objectives, and manage the performance of multi-disciplinary teams worldwide.
? Ability to create and communicate a compelling vision for IntraHealth
International and its mission to diverse groups, including corporate executives,
board members, federal agencies and others who are critical to the
organization?s overall wellbeing.
? Expert knowledge of international health care issues affecting developing
countries; ability to relate to others at all levels of the organization;
exceptional communication, presentation and negotiating skills.
? Extensive experience monitoring and evaluating the financial operations of a
multi-million dollar organization or project.
? Ability to travel internationally frequently and on short notice.
? Experience living and working overseas, ability to speak French, Spanish or
another world language, and knowledge of federal government contracting are all
highly desirable.
To apply, please send resume or CV by email as a Word or .rtf attachment to
personnelconsult at comcast.net. Include a cover letter that clearly relates
applicant?s background to the responsibilities and job requirements outlined
above. Only responsive applications will be acknowledged. IntraHealth
International, Inc. is an Equal Opportunity Employer.
*******************
Futures Group is a management, marketing, research, and strategic planning
organization that helps clients make well-informed decisions in the presence of
future uncertainty. Since its founding in 1971, the Futures Group has worked in
more than 60 developing countries to build local capacity to design and
implement effective strategies to address critical development issues. We have
earned a reputation as a global leader in public health and social concerns,
including population, family planning, reproductive health, HIV/AIDS and
sexually transmitted infections, safe motherhood, poverty alleviation,
education, and the environment.
Futures Group, in collaboration with Catholic Relief Services (CRS - Prime),
Catholic Medical Mission Board (CMMB), Interchurch Medical Assistance (IMA), and
University of Maryland Institute for Human Virology (IHV), was recently awarded
the President's Emergency Plan track 1 funding to provide rapid scale up of
anti-retroviral therapy (ART). The goal of the Project (Project ACCORD) is to
assure that people living with HIV/AIDS have access to ART and high quality
medical care. Project ACCORD will expand, on a sustainable basis, the provision
of ART to the greatest number of needy patients in the target countries
consistent with good medical science, national priorities and programs, and
cost-effective deployment of program resources. Project ACCORD priority
countries include: Uganda, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Rwanda,
Nigeria, Haiti, and Guyana.
Futures Group currently seeks to fill a full-time Senior HMIS Coordinator
position to work on the ACCORD project. The Sr. HMIS Coordinator will:
-Design, implement and manage all aspects of Health Management Information
Systems (HMIS) (critical functions and issues include scheduling, clinical
encounter form, patient history, storage issues, case findings/clinical
discussions, and lab and pharmaceutical tracking)
-Work in collaboration with the Senior Data Analyst to analyze data and comply
with reporting and Project requirements
-Collaborate with Senior Data Analyst to develop and implement data systems
-Lead trainer for all aspects of HMIS
-Coordinate with IHV on all clinical Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) aspects of
the data system
-Supervise the HMIS Officer and communicate design functions clearly and
accurately
-Supervise in-country M&E Coordinators and provide technical assistance as
needed
-Travel approximately 40%
Qualifications
-Strong quantitative skills (STATA, SPSS, or SAS)
-Experience working with Health Management Information Systems (experience with
CareWare, EpiInfo, or Visual Basics a plus)
-Experience working with and analyzing complex surveys
-At least 10 years experience in M&E and/or 5 years experience in M&E and
considerable clinical experience
-Physician or Nurse Practioner preferred; MPH or PhD in Public Health required
-Extensive training experience preferred
-At least 5 years of HIV/AIDS experience desired
-International experience (Africa preferred) and commitment to work in a team
environment required
Apply on-line at www.futuresgroup.com (see job board)
*******************
The Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) Project is a ten-year
Cooperative Agreement managed by the Academy for Educational Development and
funded by USAID. FANTA is a technical leader in food security and nutrition
programming and is expanding its response to HIV/AIDS in resource limited
situations to assist USAID to meet the goals outlined in President Bush?s
Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Candidates are sought for two positions to work
on HIV and nutrition, one based in Rwanda and the second based in Washington,
DC.
1. HIV/AIDS and Nutrition Advisor
The Senior HIV/AIDS and Nutrition Advisor will develop and implement FANTA?s
global strategy for providing technical assistance to USAID and partners on
design, implementation and reporting on HIV/AIDS and nutrition programs. The
Advisor will be based in Washington DC and will provide technical and
programmatic guidance on state-of-the-art knowledge about HIV/AIDS and
nutrition, including the nutritional implications of antiretroviral therapy.
The Advisor will develop and review technical documents on HIV/AIDS and
coordinate the work of FANTA?s HIV/AIDS cluster. The Advisor will plan and
implement technical assistance on food and nutrition in the treatment,
prevention, and care and support for nutrition, food security and food
assistance programming in the context of HIV/AIDS. Technical assistance
activities may include review of proposals and results reports, strategic
planning, and strengthening of program design, implementation, and monitoring
and evaluation. The Advisor will supervise FANTA?s field operations including
the FANTA Regional HIV/AIDS Specialist in eastern and southern Africa.
Qualifications: Masters degree nutrition or related public health discipline is
required, Ph.D. in is preferred. Minimum seven years technical and programming
experience in international nutrition, HIV/AIDS, or other health-related work is
required, experience with USAID desirable. Excellent written and spoken English
required; must hold US work permit. International travel will be required for up
to 50% time.
For additional information, visit ww.aed.org and www.fantaproject.org.
Candidates should send resume and cover letter referencing position #CS4033 to:
employ at aed.org, fax: (202) 884-8413 or: AED/HR, 1825 Connecticut Avenue, NW,
Washington, D.C. 20009.
2. HIV/AIDS and Nutrition Program Manager/Rwanda (based in Kigali for one year
subject to renewal)
The HIV/AIDS Program Manager will coordinate, manage and oversee FANTA?s
HIV/AIDS activities with USAID/Kigali, the Government of Rwanda, and partners to
strengthen the nutritional care and support of HIV-infected individuals,
management nutritional implications of ART and links between HIV/AIDS services
and food assistance programs. The Program Manager will manage needs assessments
of HIV/AIDS nutritional care and support counseling tools and training
materials; develop scopes of work for consultants for specific FANTA
deliverables; work with the Rwandan nutritional steering committee to identify
and foster partnerships with international, national, and local partners;
organize workshops; and keep stakeholders informed of progress.
Qualifications: advanced degree in nutrition or related public health discipline
desired; at least four years experience in international nutrition or HIV/AIDS.
Demonstrated ability with the initiation and management of program activities;
experience collaborating with developing country Health Ministries is desirable
and knowledge of district level and health center level systems is essential;
excellent English and French written and oral communication skills. In-country
and regional travel will be required.
For additional information: please visit www.fantaproject.org. Candidates
should send resume and cover letter referencing Rwanda Program Manager to:
fanta at aed.org, fax: (202) 884-8432 or: AED/FANTA Project, 1825 Connecticut
Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20009.
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HNPFLASH ISSUE No. 49 June, 2004
Electronic Newsletter and Archiving Service on Health, Nutrition and Population
Erika Yanick, Editor
Miyuki Parris, Co-Editor
The World Bank Human Development Network
E-mail: hnpflash at worldbank.org
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