<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large"><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">---------- Forwarded message ---------<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername" dir="auto">David</b> <span dir="auto"><<a href="mailto:dlegge@phmovement.org">dlegge@phmovement.org</a>></span><br>Date: Sat, Jan 20, 2024 at 11:20 AM<br></div><br><div class="msg-3838870261518097954"><u></u>
<div style="height:100%;margin:0;padding:0;width:100%;background-color:#fafafa">
<span class="m_-3838870261518097954mcnPreviewText" style="display:none;font-size:0px;line-height:0px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden">Will it make a difference?</span>
<center>
<table id="m_-3838870261518097954bodyTable" style="border-collapse:collapse;height:100%;margin:0;padding:0;width:100%;background-color:#fafafa" width="100%" height="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center">
<tbody><tr>
<td id="m_-3838870261518097954bodyCell" style="height:100%;margin:0;padding:10px;width:100%;border-top:0" valign="top" align="center">
<table class="m_-3838870261518097954templateContainer" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:0;max-width:600px!important" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td id="m_-3838870261518097954templatePreheader" style="background:#fafafa none no-repeat center/cover;background-color:#fafafa;background-image:none;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;background-size:cover;border-top:0;border-bottom:0;padding-top:9px;padding-bottom:9px" valign="top"><table style="min-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding-top:9px" valign="top">
<table style="max-width:100%;min-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse" class="m_-3838870261518097954mcnTextContentContainer" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="m_-3838870261518097954mcnTextContent" style="padding:0px 18px 9px;font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:100%;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;color:#656565" valign="top">
<div style="text-align:center"><a href="https://mailchi.mp/phmovement/eb154-11_ntds-17630569?e=ade41a541f" style="color:#656565;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">View this email in your browser</a></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="m_-3838870261518097954templateHeader" style="background:#ffffff none no-repeat center/cover;background-color:#ffffff;background-image:none;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;background-size:cover;border-top:0;border-bottom:0;padding-top:9px;padding-bottom:0" valign="top"><table style="min-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding:9px" valign="top">
<table style="min-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding-right:9px;padding-left:9px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center" valign="top">
<img alt="" src="https://mcusercontent.com/559d715f58f654accf3de987e/images/0b1bd6d2-85d4-c0fe-ef58-a4a1ab9cc235.jpg" style="max-width:1017px;padding-bottom:0px;vertical-align:bottom;display:inline!important;border-radius:0%;border:0;height:auto;outline:none;text-decoration:none" class="m_-3838870261518097954mcnImage" width="564" align="middle">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="m_-3838870261518097954templateBody" style="background:#ffffff none no-repeat center/cover;background-color:#ffffff;background-image:none;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;background-size:cover;border-top:0;border-bottom:2px solid #eaeaea;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:9px" valign="top"><table style="min-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding-top:9px" valign="top">
<table style="max-width:100%;min-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse" class="m_-3838870261518097954mcnTextContentContainer" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="m_-3838870261518097954mcnTextContent" style="padding:0px 18px 9px;font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:100%;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;color:#202020" valign="top">
<h1 style="text-align:center;display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:26px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal">World Report on Social Determinants of Health Equity:<br>
Will it make a difference? </h1>
<p style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:100%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">Sixteen years after <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=5c2471ae7c&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Closing the Gap in a Generation</a>, WHO is preparing to release a new World Report on the Social Determinants of Health Equity. Data from the report, summarised in Document <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=428db5f473&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">EB154/21</a> will be reviewed by WHO’s Executive Board, meeting from 22 January 2024.<br>
<br>
The data summarised in <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=4674443b79&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">EB154/21</a> are confronting; both the levels of inequity and the slow progress in redressing health inequities since 2008. <br>
<br>
<a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=d776757d1b&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">EB154/21</a> reflects on the (lack of) progress since the 2008 Commission Report. It concludes that “there has been insufficient attention and action on key structural determinants such as inequitable economic systems, structural discrimination including intersecting racism and gender inequality, and weak societal infrastructure”. It concludes that “efforts to reduce health inequities have often focused narrowly on the efforts necessary for fairer health service provision” but there has been less effort on intersectoral advocacy and collaboration. <br>
<br>
<a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=936034ffe8&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">EB154/21</a> points to the impact of multiple intersecting crises (climate, Covid, conflict, cost of living) and points to major social and technical transitions which look set to exacerbate health inequities. <br>
<br>
Critical among these 'transitions', although not mentioned in the report, is the declining faith in the promises of democratic participation and public good policy dialogue. This appears to reflect the grief and anger of communities who are left behind by globalisation, linked to the perception of a parallel governance regime (behind the democratic facade), characterised by corporate impunity, military adventurism and the subordination of elected officials through money politics and revolving doors. <br>
<br>
<a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=fda982cada&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">EB154/21</a> foreshadows 14 specific recommendations to be presented in the new report, addressing four overarching objectives. The goals of these recommendations are to: <br>
<br>
“address the health effects of hierarchies of power and resource distribution; addressing systems and policies driving structural discrimination, including intersecting racism and gender inequality; and rebuilding weak societal infrastructure to improve living and working conditions and strengthen social connection” and to provide entry points for “the health sector to act as an enabler and driver of action at the structural level”. </p>
<h2 style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:22px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">Theory of change</h2>
Why should we expect that these recommendations will facilitate the adoption of equity policies and the implementation of equity programs? What were the obstacles to such policies and programs in the past (including the Commission’s 2008 report) and how will this Report contribute to overcoming those obstacles?<br>
<br>
There is an implicit theory of change evident in <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=739f4945ab&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">EB154/21</a>, although not explicitly set out. This theory involves a strengthening and alignment of various drivers of pro-equity policies and programs, including:
<ol>
<li>the articulation of a range of pro-equity policies which are relevant to international and domestic debates around social and economic policies and programs;</li>
<li>the emphasis on community engagement and social participation in policy processes and creating conditions that maximize the capabilities of progressive civil society forces to address the social determinants of health equity; and</li>
<li>strengthening the focus on social determinants in health systems and policy platforms; and developing human capacity in health, social protection, education, labour, local government and service organizations to enhance intersectoral efforts to address the social determinants of health equity; and</li>
<li>an emphasis on measurement, research, and publication of the various indicators of health inequity, discrimination and weak human services.</li>
</ol>
<h2 style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:22px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">Putting forward pro-equity policy positions</h2>
EB154/21 suggests that the World Report will take pro-equity positions on a number of issues which are highly contested in global and/or domestic policy debate. This is direct and significant intervention in policy formation. The authoritative articulation of such policy positions provides leverage which can be exercised by advocates for health equity. Instances of such pro-equity policy positions include:
<ol>
<li>the use of progressive taxation and income transfers to promote equity and expand domestic fiscal space for universal public services; highlighting the importance of fiscal space for pro-equity public investment in fields such as debt relief, development financing; international cooperation on taxation; </li>
<li>highlighting the concept of commercial determinants of health and the need for regulation to maximize the health-promoting capacity of the private sector; highlighting the role of public procurement in encouraging “ sustainable, safe and healthy products and safe and fair labour standards”;</li>
<li>strengthening health equity considerations in global and regional trade processes; </li>
<li>the provision of adequate public funding for infrastructure and service delivery across health, education, transport, housing, water, sanitation, and food systems;</li>
<li>achieving universal health coverage through progressive health financing and primary health care approaches; minimizing out-of-pocket expenditure, and financing health services from pooled government resources;</li>
<li>highlighting the need to address and protect the social determinants of health equity in emergencies, migration and conflict; ensure the rights of displaced people to access health and social services;</li>
<li>ensuring that urban, rural and territorial planning, transport and housing investments are underpinned by approaches that ensure that housing and built environments are healthy and accessible;</li>
<li>extending basic employment entitlements to precariously employed and informal workers; highlighting the importance of universal social protection; </li>
<li>recognizing and repairing structures of discrimination, including those pertaining to gender, race and disability, and addressing the impacts of colonization, and acknowledging Indigeneity as a determinant of health and health equity;</li>
<li>strengthening support for Indigenous communities in their stewardship of land and natural resources;</li>
<li>articulating the health equity benefits of action on climate change, biodiversity, and food security.</li>
</ol>
<h2 style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:22px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">Failure to name the fundamental drivers of inequity, discrimination, austerity, and alienation and the obstacles to implementation of pro-equity policies</h2>
However, it appears from the summary in EB154/21 that the World Report will not analyse and address the fundamental drivers of inequity, discrimination, austerity, and alienation. These include:
<ol>
<li>the evaporation of decent employment associated with trade liberalisation, technological development, and the emergence of large corporations, sitting astride global value chains, with the power to extort concessions from countries as a condition for foreign investment;</li>
<li>the impact on small farmers of the protection and subsidisation of Northern agriculture and the power of giant agribusiness across global food value chains;</li>
<li>the impact of financial liberalisation on the ability of national governments to manage their own economies, including progressive taxation, capital controls and fiscal space for social development; </li>
<li>the impact of deepening economic inequality and the evaporation of decent employment on community depression and anger, sometimes manifest in neo-fascist movements.</li>
</ol>
The failure to fully document and analyse such drivers weakens the policy platform being advanced through the World Report and diminishes the leverage available to the various constituencies advocating for policy reform across this space. <br>
<br>
It also appears from the summary in EB154/21 that the World Report will not analyse and address the obstacles to the adoption of pro-equity policies and the implementation of pro-equity programs. These include:
<ol>
<li>the power of ‘market sentiment’ (the voice of international capital) over elected governments in relation to taxation, public expenditure, privatisation and marketisation of human services;</li>
<li>the impact of money politics and the revolving door (between business and government) on policy formation;</li>
<li>the role of the World Bank and similar agencies in promoting neoliberal social and economic policies; </li>
<li>the role of the IMF and the global private banks in imposing austerity while refusing to address the causes of unsustainable debt and currency vulnerability; and</li>
<li>the limitations on domestic policy formation which have been embedded in the global network of multilateral and plurilateral trade and investment agreements.</li>
</ol>
The failure to fully document and analyse the obstacles to pro-equity policy implementation weakens the policy leadership to be provided through the World Report and diminishes the leverage available to the various constituencies advocating for policy reform across this space.
<h2 style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:22px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">Building constituencies which can exercise political pressure on domestic policy formation and international policy debate</h2>
It appears that the strategy underlying the World Report, in terms of driving change, will rely on three leading constituencies: measurement and research; pro-equity civil society; health systems and personnel.<br>
<br>
<b>Measurement, research, publication.</b> The measurement, research and publication constituency includes the health equity researchers (epidemiology, social science, policy studies, etc) and the program monitoring and statistical reporting agencies. The World Report will underline the importance of continued monitoring of health equity and of continuing research into the trends and patterns in health equity (including drivers of inequity and the obstacles to policy action). The history of debate around health equity suggests that measuring and publishing (from Virchow to Marmot) makes a difference albeit not sufficient by itself. <br>
<br>
<b>Civil society.</b> It is evident from EB154/21 that the World Report sees civil society advocacy as an important driver of change, including local communities advocating to local government; international NGOs active in health equity; and public interest social movements working with those communities who bear the brunt of inequity, discrimination, and lack of services. <br>
It is evident that the pro-equity policy positions to be advanced in the World Report, will provide leverage for such civil society advocacy. However, such civil society advocacy faces significant challenges, not least the legal obstacles imposed by many governments on popular mobilisation and democratic expression. <br>
<br>
The basic building blocks of civil society advocacy are the organisations and networks which bring together the experiences and demands of those who bear the brunt of inequity. Building a coherent voice capable of impacting on domestic policy making involves a convergence of different communities reaching across boundaries, in the light of the shared structural drivers of their different disadvantage. <br>
<br>
In terms of building a coherent civil society constituency capable of intervening strongly in international policy debate there are many issues which claim priority and there are boundaries of language, culture, and context to be breached. However, these NGOs and international networks are strengthened when they have direct links with grass roots organisations. <br>
<br>
If WHO were to pick up the challenge of working with civil society, there is much that it could do, from Geneva, and from regional and country offices. However, as a member state organisation, WHO has been very cautious about collaborating with civil society beyond the sclerosis of ‘official relations’. <br>
<br>
<b>Health systems and personnel.</b> EB154/21 foreshadows a major policy push to strengthen the focus on social determinants in health systems and policy platforms; to integrate the social determinants of health equity in all health strategies, policies, emergency preparedness and response plans, and public health laws; to develop human capacity in health, social protection, education, labour, local government and service organizations to enhance intersectoral efforts to address the social determinants of health equity.<br>
<br>
This vision of health agencies and personnel as advocates for equity recalls the promise of the Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978 which projected a scenario of primary health care practitioners and their agencies working with their communities to address the social determinants of their health (<a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=304d9ffe51&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Newell, 1975</a>). After 30 years of trying to bury or reinterpret the Alma-Ata vision of primary health care it is encouraging to see this fundamental principle being recognised.<br>
<br>
However, health system managers everywhere are facing needs which outstrip resources and their employment contracts give them powerful incentives to focus all their resources on those programmatic needs. Health systems financiers are likewise preoccupied with patient throughput and while health promotion units have been allowed to speak about health inequities (sometimes), they rarely have the resources to back up their rhetoric.<br>
<br>
Addressing these conservative incentives will require an outside constituency, outside the health establishment, demanding a change in policy; demanding meaningful action towards health equity. This outside constituency can only come from the communities who have most to gain from pro-equity policies and programs. Facilitating such voices will be critical in “leveraging the health sector” for health equity action. <br>
<br>
<b>PHM urges EB members to endorse the pro-equity policies and strategies foreshadowed in EB154/21 and to strengthen those areas where the World Report is at risk of glossing over key issues.</b><br>
<br>
<b>PHM urges public interest civil society organisations to take full advantage of the progressive policy platform foreshadowed for the World Report and build domestic and international advocacy around the development and implementation of pro-equity policies and programs. </b>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table><table style="min-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding-top:9px" valign="top">
<table style="max-width:100%;min-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse" class="m_-3838870261518097954mcnTextContentContainer" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="m_-3838870261518097954mcnTextContent" style="padding:0px 18px 9px;font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:100%;text-align:left;word-break:break-word;color:#202020" valign="top">
<p style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:100%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">The full <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=f7741cfc65&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">PHM commentary on this item</a> provides more detail and references. See also Tracker links to <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=71b835bba5&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">previous discussions of social determinants/social determination</a>. </p>
<p style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:100%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020"><span style="font-size:12px">The WHO Tracker and PHM item commentaries are produced as part of <b>WHO Watch</b> which is a project of the <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=bc7acee5d1&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">People's Health Movement</a> in association with <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=20a50a1af9&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Medicus Mundi International</a>, <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=dc196951da&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Third World Network</a> and a number of other civil society networks. WHO Watch contributes to democratising global health governance, through new alliances, new information flows and by broadening the policy discourse.</span></p>
<p style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:100%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">See the WHO Tracker page for this EB154 session (<a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=aa37425052&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">here</a>). See PHM’s <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=0f0aa96288&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">integrated commentary</a> on the full agenda of EB154 (or read the <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=740d7938ae&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">flipbook version</a>). To ensure that you receive Update Alerts <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=53434570b0&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">subscribe</a> to the Updater. <br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:12px">You can support WHO Watch by forwarding this Item Alert, by publicising the <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=71b8bbc0dc&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Tracker</a>, by inviting others to <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=ab60615530&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">subscribe to GHG Reports</a>; and by following us on social media via @PHMglobal and @WorldHealthWatch.</span></p>
<p style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:100%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020"><span style="font-size:12px">To provide feedback on this newsletter please write to <a href="mailto:editor@phmovement.org" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">editor@phmovement.org</a>.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="m_-3838870261518097954templateFooter" style="background:#fafafa none no-repeat center/cover;background-color:#fafafa;background-image:none;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;background-size:cover;border-top:0;border-bottom:0;padding-top:9px;padding-bottom:9px" valign="top"><table style="min-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding:9px" valign="top" align="center">
<table style="min-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding-left:9px;padding-right:9px" align="center">
<table style="min-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding-top:9px;padding-right:9px;padding-left:9px" valign="top" align="center">
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center">
<tbody><tr>
<td valign="top" align="center">
<table style="display:inline;border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:9px" valign="top">
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding-top:5px;padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:9px" valign="middle" align="left">
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" width="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody><tr>
<td width="24" valign="middle" align="center">
<a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=2cf8d29c8e&e=ade41a541f" target="_blank"><img src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/color-link-48.png" alt="WHO Tracker" style="display:block;border:0;height:auto;outline:none;text-decoration:none" width="24" height="24"></a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table style="display:inline;border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:9px" valign="top">
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding-top:5px;padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:9px" valign="middle" align="left">
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" width="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody><tr>
<td width="24" valign="middle" align="center">
<a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=aa142abb49&e=ade41a541f" target="_blank"><img src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/color-twitter-48.png" alt="PHM Global" style="display:block;border:0;height:auto;outline:none;text-decoration:none" width="24" height="24"></a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table style="display:inline;border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:9px" valign="top">
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding-top:5px;padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:9px" valign="middle" align="left">
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" width="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody><tr>
<td width="24" valign="middle" align="center">
<a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=dd699c94e2&e=ade41a541f" target="_blank"><img src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/color-facebook-48.png" alt="PHM Global" style="display:block;border:0;height:auto;outline:none;text-decoration:none" width="24" height="24"></a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table style="display:inline;border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding-right:0;padding-bottom:9px" valign="top">
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding-top:5px;padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:9px" valign="middle" align="left">
<table style="border-collapse:collapse" width="" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody><tr>
<td width="24" valign="middle" align="center">
<a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=130d6b3603&e=ade41a541f" target="_blank"><img src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/color-link-48.png" alt="PHM" style="display:block;border:0;height:auto;outline:none;text-decoration:none" width="24" height="24"></a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table><table class="m_-3838870261518097954mcnDividerBlock" style="min-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed!important" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="min-width:100%;padding:10px 18px 25px">
<table style="min-width:100%;border-top:2px solid #eeeeee;border-collapse:collapse" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table><table style="min-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding-top:9px" valign="top">
<table style="max-width:100%;min-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse" class="m_-3838870261518097954mcnTextContentContainer" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="m_-3838870261518097954mcnTextContent" style="padding-top:0;padding-right:18px;padding-bottom:9px;padding-left:18px;word-break:break-word;color:#656565;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:center" valign="top">
<i>Copyright © 2020 People's Health Movement, All rights reserved.</i><br>
You are receiving this email because you subscribed to the WHO Watch Newsletter.<br>
Not subscribed? Sign up <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=002be7cd5f&e=ade41a541f" style="color:#656565;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"><span style="color:#0000ff">here</span></a>.<br>
<br>
<b>Our mailing address is:</b><br>
<div><span>WHO Tracker / People's Health Movement</span><div><div>PHM c/- Viva Salud</div><div>Chaussee de Haecht 53</div><span>Brussels</span> <span>B-1210</span> <div>Belgium</div></div><br><a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/vcard?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=8f92c15adf" target="_blank">Add us to your address book</a></div>
<br>
<br>
Want to change how you receive these emails?<br>
<a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/profile?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=8f92c15adf&e=ade41a541f&c=208040fd87" style="color:#656565;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Update your preferences</a> or <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/unsubscribe?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=8f92c15adf&e=ade41a541f&c=208040fd87" style="color:#656565;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">unsubscribe from this list</a>.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</center>
<img src="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/open.php?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=208040fd87&e=ade41a541f" alt="" width="1" height="1"></div>
_______________________________________________<br>
g2h2-members mailing list -- <a href="mailto:g2h2-members@g2h2.org" target="_blank">g2h2-members@g2h2.org</a><br>
To unsubscribe send an email to <a href="mailto:g2h2-members-leave@g2h2.org" target="_blank">g2h2-members-leave@g2h2.org</a><br>
</div></div></div>