<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large"><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">---------- Forwarded message ---------<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername" dir="auto">People's Health Movement</b> <span dir="auto"><<a href="mailto:dlegge@phmovement.org">dlegge@phmovement.org</a>></span><br></div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"><br></div><br><br><div class="msg4807335669880986606"><u></u>
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<h1 style="text-align:center;display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:26px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal">WHO's Global Health for Peace Initiative welcomed</h1>
<p style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">WHO’s Global Health for Peace Initiative was launched in November 2019 and the <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=1bd3d04619&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">White Paper</a> was published in 2020. The White Paper provides detail regarding background and logic of the initiative and sketches the framework of what has become the draft road map. </p>
<p style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">In Jan 2022 the EB reviewed <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=abb3cd003a&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">EB150/20</a> in which the Secretariat: </p>
<ul>
<li aria-level="1" dir="ltr">reviewed the rationale and mandate for WHO to engage in such an initiative; </li>
<li aria-level="1" dir="ltr">presented an overview of the Initiative, highlighting the ideas of ‘mainstreaming’ ‘conflict sensitivity’ and ‘peace responsiveness’ into WHO’s programmes (contributing to the ‘peace dividend’);</li>
<li aria-level="1" dir="ltr">identified six workstreams, including evidence generation; advocacy and awareness-raising; capacity-building; and partnership development.</li>
</ul>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">The EB adopted <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=1470610ebe&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">EB150(5)</a> which recommended that WHA75 ask the Secretariat to consult widely and develop a detailed roadmap for the implementation of the Initiative for consideration by WHA76. WHA75 (May 2022) adopted decision <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=4f02b8340c&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">WHA75(24)</a> as recommended.</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">At EB152 (which started this week in Geneva) WHO's Executive Board will review <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=5fd1cb4a9e&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">EB152/17</a> which reports on the results of consultations on the way forward and presents a revised <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=12fc6832d4&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">draft road map</a> for the Global Health for Peace Initiative. </p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">The Board is invited to provide further guidance regarding the draft road map with a view to submitting a further revision to the Seventy-sixth World Health Assembly in May 2023. </p>
<h2 style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:22px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">Development of Health for Peace Initiative</h2>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">A detailed presentation of the H4P initiative is set out in the White Paper, <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=60cb648659&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Health and peace initiative</a>, 2020.</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">See also: </p>
<ul>
<li aria-level="1" dir="ltr">UNGA (2015) <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=3d56c4cc01&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Report of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations on uniting our strengths for peace: politics, partnership and people</a> (A/70/95, from page 9);</li>
<li aria-level="1" dir="ltr"><a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=1916116f2f&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">UN Women Peace and security page</a>; </li>
<li aria-level="1" dir="ltr">Discussion of health and peace at <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=97aaaeba3b&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">WHA34</a> (1981)</li>
<li aria-level="1" dir="ltr">WHO (1996) <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=e9bfb76d75&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Consultation on Health as a Bridge for Peace</a> (WHO/HPD/96.7)</li>
<li aria-level="1" dir="ltr"><a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=2c35f9a389&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Garber (2002) Health as a Bridge for Peace</a>: Theory, Practice and Prognosis — Reflections of a Practitioner, J of Peacebuilding and Development, 1(1), 69-84 </li>
<li aria-level="1" dir="ltr"><a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=dde437c612&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Wiist, W. H., Barker, K., Arya, N., et al (2014)</a>. The role of public health in the prevention of war: Rationale and competencies. American Journal of Public Health, 104(6), e34-47. </li>
</ul>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">See <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=8d8cb061de&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Tracker links</a> to previous reports, discussions and decisions by WHO governing bodies regarding health and peace. </p>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:22px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">Excellent initiative</h2>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">The WHO’s Global Health for Peace Initiative’s focus on mainstreaming conflict sensitivity and peace responsiveness into the strategies and programs of WHO and its many collaborators is very welcome.</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">As an intergovernmental forum WHO has limited policy space when its member states are directly involved in conflict (including covert operations). However, as part of the UN system WHO is expected to contribute as part of a multi-sectoral approach to conflict response and peace-making. This can be challenging when UN involvement, including UN authorized sanctions, intensify the harm caused by the conflict.</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">The Health and Peace Initiative has modest aims and it offers interesting possibilities for advancing both peace and healthcare in conflict zones. One of the main approaches it moots – its first theory of change- is moving from working in conflicts to working on conflicts through what it calls conflict-sensitivity and peace-responsive programming, and to do this while working across UN agencies and across WHO. Its second level theory of change talks of improving citizen-state cohesion, cross-line collaboration and the promotion of health and well-being and dialogue.</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">The revised <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=515b5fea0c&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">draft road map</a> still needs greater clarity on its deliverables, strategies and priorities. Accordingly PHM welcomes the proposal for the development of a more detailed roadmap for consideration at WHA76. </p>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:22px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">Issues needing further attention</h2>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">In <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=52da60a01b&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">PHM’s comment on this item at WHA75</a> we expressed our support and highlighted a number of areas where the documentation could be strengthened. These suggestions remain relevant to the redrafted road map. </p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020"><b>Evidence generation through research and analysis</b> is a critical part of the road map. Documenting, reporting and investigating the impact of war, armed conflicts and communal riots on health should be the evidence that drives change. The documentation and evidence so generated must be presented in an annual report. </p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">The road map envisages the mainstreaming of its conflict sensitive and peace responsive approach and highlights social cohesion, trust, resilience, and inclusion as key variables in applying this approach. These variables and their drivers should also figure on the research agenda of the initiative. Action research to document how peace responsive programming can impact on social cohesion, trust, resilience and discrimination (includng ethnic and gender discrimination) would be extremely valuable. </p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020"><b>Violence against women and girls.</b> The draft road map recognises the need for special attention to be directed to the plight of women, young girls and children who are often the worst sufferers of the conflict; being subject to physical and sexual violence, being denied basic amenities including food, and often being trafficked with impunity. Ethnic and racial discrimination, migration and displacement, while problems in their own right, add to the problems of women, young children and all marginalized populations. The roadmap must build on Security Council Resolution <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=36fd61073a&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">1325</a> and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), including <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=c38028587f&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">CEDAW General Recommendation 30</a>. No post-conflict or peacebuilding effort can be successful until countries ensure that measures are taken, and systems are put in place, for victims of rape and other gender-based violence to testify and seek justice for the crimes perpetrated against them. </p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020"><b>Attacks on health workers and civil society organizations working in health.</b> As part of its evidence-based approach the Global Health for Peace Initiative makes recording and reporting on the alarming number of attacks on health workers and their resources, including ambulances, a priority. These attacks need to be mainstreamed into conflict analysis and given priority as they undermine fundamental rights, international humanitarian law, and deny potential peace dividends. Such attacks deny access to healthcare, especially for populations made vulnerable by insecurity. All actions that deny or unnecessarily delay access to healthcare need to be recorded and reported on. </p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">Many of these are due to check-points and excessive bureaucracy, but all of these negatively affect the social cohesion that is a key aim of the Global Health for Peace Initiative. If health workers are prevented from carrying out their work through arbitrary detention or a denial of their rights this is also an attack on, and denial of, healthcare. If the link between health, social cohesion and peace is to be operationalized in situations of protracted conflict and insecurity, it is essential that any acts that threaten social cohesion and access to healthcare be called out. </p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">In this context PHM draws attention to the attacks on health workers and healthcare facilities by Israeli forces in occupied Palestine including the incarceration of Ms Shatha Odeh, a member of PHM’s Steering Council and Director of the <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=00f19c5ac4&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Union of Health Work Committees</a>, a leading healthcare organisation working in the occupied territories. The annual reports provided to the WHA about the health circumstances in Occupied Palestine (<a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=af4f2e2758&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">access here</a>) illustrate the limits on WHO's reach when global superpowers are involved.</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020"><b>Conflict analysis.</b> The H4PI emphasizes conflict analysis and the need to understand the specific nature of individual conflicts in order to promote peace. This is welcome. Conflict analysis needs to shed light on the multiple roots and drivers of aggression. These could lie in vertical or horizontal inequalities, the power dynamics of oppression, the remnants of a colonial past, or a neo-colonial present, as well as the more commonly cited ethnic divides and resource accumulation motives. Being able to demonstrate the present-day consequences - for health - of these drivers puts WHO in a unique position to draw in collaborative partners to address them.</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">The revised road map needs to prioritise the analysis of contemporary conflict situations, for example in Myanmar, Palestine, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Somalia or Nicaragua. The paper by <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=b3e7ea3b95&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Garber 2002</a> demonstrates the usefulness of a case study approach to strategy development and capacity building. </p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020"><b>Economic sanctions.</b> Global Health for Peace Initiative documents do not mention economic sanctions, the use of which has increased dramatically in recent decades. The damaging consequences of blanket economic sanctions for health are well known. Some sanctions have been authorised by the UN; others have been imposed unilaterally, enabled as a consequence of the domination of international finance by one currency. WHO has a key role to play in recording and reporting the health consequences of these sanctions and bringing them to the attention of sanction-using countries through the appropriate UN mechanisms, and to the relevant UN bodies if the sanctions are UN-approved.</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020"><b>Partnerships.</b> PHM appreciates the emphasis in the draft road map on partnerships, in particular the importance of partnerships with civil society organizations as recognised in the second level theory of change outlined in the White Paper (p20). Civil society organisations should be involved in all of the six workstreams. Their engagement in partnership development and capacity building will be critical.</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020"><b>Capacity building</b> will be critical including at the regional and country levels. The competencies suggested by <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=93b72a15f5&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Wiists and colleagues (2014)</a> provides a useful resource.</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020"><b>Mainstreaming conflict sensitivity.</b> Country level health interventions should be attempted in all conflict related displacements. But the operational team providing or facilitating healthcare needs to be supported by an expert H4PI team, mandated to undertake the analysis, engage in health diplomacy, and facilitate societal and community level interactions. </p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020"><b>Negotiating political sensitivities.</b> WHO is already subject to great power bullying when it strays into the domain of geopolitics (as with the attacks on WHO in the early months of the Covid pandemic) or in dealing with the impact of trade agreements on health. Careful thought will be needed to protect the H4PI from intimidation and coercion. One option would be to provide for the systematic involvement of a representative group of member states and civil society organisations in overseeing and guiding the implementation of the Initiative (and providing the Secretariat with some defense against great power bullying). </p>
<h2 style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:22px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">The wider relevance of the H4P approach</h2>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">PHM appreciates the comment in para 35 of the (second) draft roadmap: "<i>The ‘health for peace’ approach focuses on fragile, conflict-affected and vulnerable settings but is also relevant in any setting where social cohesion, resilience and trust need to be built, sustained, or strengthened</i>".</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">Trust, inclusion, and resilience are key assets for community health everywhere. A lack of trust and of solidarity has been evident in the Covid response in many countries. There are forces in many societies which seek to gain advantage by disparaging ‘the other’. </p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">The ‘approach’ of the GH4P Initiative as described in paras 28 and 29 of the draft roadmap could be realised in health care delivery in most if not all societies: delivering health services in ways which also contribute to inclusion, trust building, and social cohesion. Such an approach would correspond closely to the model of health care delivery envisaged in the Alma-Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care.</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020"><b>PHM welcomes the Health for Peace Initiative and supports the continuing development of the implementation road map.</b></p>
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<p style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">See our more detailed commentary on this item <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=7bf26465db&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">here</a>. The Tracker page for EB152 is <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=0a35db4f4d&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>
<p style="font-family:Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:150%;text-align:left;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020">The <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=777034a538&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">WHO Tracker</a> and PHM item commentaries are produced as part of WHO Watch which is a project of the <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=58f3d140cb&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">People's Health Movement</a> in association with <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=2e5d542884&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Medicus Mundi International</a>, <a href="https://phmovement.us20.list-manage.com/track/click?u=559d715f58f654accf3de987e&id=f344741806&e=125964ddcc" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Third World Network</a> and a number of other civil society networks. WHO Watch aims to contribute to democratising global health governance, through new alliances, new information flows and by broadening the policy discourse.</p>
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