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<h1 class="entry-title"></h1><div class="gmail-clearfix entry-content">Oct 3 2019
<p><strong><em>By Roberto Savio*</em></strong></p>
<p><em> Opening reflections for the September 2019 GTN
forum </em></p>
<p><strong> LOOKING BACK </strong></p>
<p>The first World Social Forum in 2001
ushered in the new century with a bold affirmation: “Another world is
possible.” That gathering in Porto Alegre, Brazil, stood as an alternative and
a challenge to the World Economic Forum, held at the same time an ocean away in
the snowy Alps of Davos, Switzerland. A venue for power elites to set the
course of world development, the WEF was then, and remains now, the symbol for
global finance, unchecked capitalism, and the control of politics by
multinational corporations. </p>
<p>The WSF, by contrast, was created as an
arena for the grassroots to gain a voice. The idea emerged from a 1999 visit to
Paris by two Brazilian activists, Oded Grajew, who was working on corporate
social responsibility, and Chico Whitaker, the executive secretary of the
Commission of Justice and Peace, an initiative of the Brazilian Catholic
Church. Incensed by the ubiquitous, uncritical news coverage of Davos, they met
with Bernard Cassen, editor of Le Monde Diplomatique, who encouraged them to
organize a counter-Davos in the Global South. With support from the government
of Rio Grande do Sul, a committee of eight Brazilian organizations launched the
first WSF. The expectation was that about 3,000 people attend (the same as
Davos), but instead 20,000 activists from around the world came to Porto Alegre
to organize and share their visions for six days. </p>
<p>WSF annual meetings enjoyed great
success, invariably drawing close to 100,000 participants (even as high as
150,000 in 2005). Eventually, the meetings moved out of Latin America, first to
Mumbai in 2004, where 20,000 Dalits participated, then to Caracas, Nairobi,
Dakar, Tunis, and Montreal. Along the way, two other streams—Regional Social
Forums and Thematic Social Forums—were created to complement the annual central
gathering, and local Forums were held in many countries. Cumulatively, the WSF
has brought together millions of people willing to pay their travel and lodging
costs to share their experiences and collective dreams for a better world. </p>
<p> WSF’s
Charter of Principles, drafted by the organizing committee of the first Forum
and adopted at the event itself, reflected these dreams. The Charter presents a
vision of deeply interconnected civil society groups collaborating to create
new alternatives to neoliberal capitalism rooted in “human rights, the
practices of real democracy, participatory democracy, peaceful relations, in
equality and solidarity, among people, ethnicities, genders and peoples.” </p>
<p>Yet, the “how” of realizing any vision
was hamstrung from the start. The Charter’s first principle describes the WSF
as an “open meeting place,” which, as interpreted by the Brazilian founders,
precluded it from taking stances on pressing world crises. This resistance to
collective political action relegated the WSF to a self-referential place of
debate, rather than a body capable of taking real action in the international
arena. </p>
<p>It didn’t have to be this way. Indeed,
the 2002 European Social Forum called for mass protest against the looming US
invasion of Iraq, and the subsequent 2003 Forum played a major role in
organizing the day of action the following month with 15 million protesters in
the streets of 800 cities on all continents—the largest demonstration in
history at the time. However, the WSF’s core organizers, who were not
interested in this path, held sway, a phenomenon inextricable from the
democratic deficit that has always dogged the Forum. </p>
<p>Indeed, the WSF has never had a
democratically elected leadership. After the first gathering, the Brazilian
host committee convened a meeting in Sao Paolo to discuss how best to carry the
WSF forward. They invited numerous international organizations, and on the
second day of the meeting appointed us all as the International Council.
Several important organizations, not interested in this meeting, were left off
the council, and those who did attend were predominately from Europe and the
Americas. In the ensuing years, efforts to change the composition created as
many problems as they solved. Many organizations wanted to be represented on
the Council, but due to vague criteria for evaluating their representativeness
and strength, the Council soon became a long list of names (most inactive),
with the roster of participants changing with every Council meeting. Despite
repeated requests from participating organizations, the Brazilian founders have
refused to revisit the Charter, defending it as an immutable text rather than a
document of a particular historical moment.
</p>
<p><strong>AT
A CROSSROADS </strong></p>
<p>The future of the WSF remains uncertain.
Out of a misguided fear of division, the Brazilian founders have thwarted
efforts to allow the WSF to issue political declarations, establish
spokespeople, and reevaluate the principle of horizontality, which eschews
representative decision-making structures, as the basis for governance. Perhaps
most significantly, they have resisted calls to transcend the WSF’s original
mission as a venue for discussion and become a space for organizing. With WSF
spokespeople forbidden, the media stopped coming, since they had no
interlocutors. Even broad declarations that would not cause schism, like
condemnation of wars or appeals for climate action, have been prohibited. As a
result, the WSF has become akin to a personal growth retreat where participants
come away with renewed individual strength, but without any impact on the
world. </p>
<p> Because
of its inability to adapt, and thereby act, the WSF has lost an opportunity to
influence how the public understands the crises the world faces, a vacuum that
has been filled by the resurgent right-wing. In 2001, globalization’s critics
emerged mainly on the left, pointing out how market-driven globalization runs
roughshod over workers and the environment. Since then, as the WSF has
floundered and social democratic parties have bought into the governing
neoliberal consensus, the right has managed to capitalize on the broad and
growing hostility to globalization, rooted especially in the feeling of being
left behind experienced by working-class people. Prior to the US financial
crisis of 2008 and the European sovereign bond crisis of 2009, the National
Front in France was the only established right-wing party in the West. Since
then, with a decade of economic chaos and brutal austerity, right-wing parties
have blossomed everywhere. </p>
<p>The unsettling rise of the
anti-globalization right has scrambled many political assumptions and
alliances. At the start of the WSF, our enemies were the international
financial institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund and the World
Bank. Now, these institutions support reducing income inequality and increasing
public investment. The World Trade Organization, the infamous target of massive
protests in 1999, was our enemy as well, for skewing the rules of global trade
toward multinational corporations; now, US president Donald Trump is trying to dismantle
it for having any rules at all. We criticized the European Commission for its
free market commitment, and lack of social action: now we have to defend the idea
of a United Europe against nationalism, xenophobia, and populism. These forces
have upended and transformed global political dynamics. Those fighting
globalization and multilateralism, using our diagnosis, are now the right-wing
forces. </p>
<p><strong>LOOKING
AHEAD</strong> </p>
<p>Is there, then, a future for the World
Social Forum? Logistically, the outlook is not good. Rightwing Brazilian
president Jair Bolsonaro, an ally of authoritarian strongmen around the world,
has announced that he will forbid any support for the Forum, putting its future
at grave risk. Holding a forum of such size requires significant financial
support, and a government at least willing to grant visas to participants from
across the globe. The vibrant Brazilian civil society groups of 2001 are now
struggling for survival. </p>
<p>Indeed, right-wing governments around the
world attack global civil society as a competitor or an enemy. In Italy,
Interior Minister Matteo Salvini has been pushing to eliminate the tax status
of nonprofits. Like Salvini in Italy, Trump in the US, Viktor Orban in Hungary,
Narendra Modi in India, and Shinzo Abe in Japan, among others, are unwilling to
hear the voice of civil society. Their escalating assault on civil society
might spell the formal end of the World Social Forum, although the WSF’s
refusal to evolve with the times left the organization vulnerable to such
assaults. </p>
<p>If the World Social Forum does fade away
as an actor on the global stage, we can take many valuable lessons from its
history as we mount new initiatives for a “movement of movements.” First, we
need to support civil society unity. Boaventura de Sousa Santos, the Portuguese
anthropologist and a leading participant in the WSF, stresses the importance of
“translation” between movement streams. Women’s organizations focus on
patriarchy, indigenous organizations on colonial exploitation, human rights
organizations on justice, and environmental organizations on sustainability.
Building mutual understanding, trust, and a basis for collective work requires
a process of translation and interpretation of different priorities, embedding
them in a holistic framework. </p>
<p>Any initiative to build transnational
movement coordination must address this challenge. While it is easier to build
a mass action against a common enemy, nurturing a common movement culture
requires a process of sustained dialogue. The WSF was instrumental in creating
awareness of the need for a holistic approach to fight, under the same rubric,
climate change, unchecked finance, social injustice, and ecological
degradation. Building on that experience with how the issues intersect is
critical to a viable global movement. The WSF has made possible alliances among
the social movements, which got their legitimacy by fighting the system, and
the myriad NGOs, which got theirs from the agenda of the United Nations. This
is certainly a significant historical contribution, enabling the next phase in
the evolution of global civil society.
Second, we need to balance movement horizontalism and organizational
structure. For the vast majority of participants in cutting-edge progressive
movements over the past half-century, the notion of a political party, or any
such organization, has been linked to oppressive power, corruption, and lack of
legitimacy. This suspicion of organization, reflected in the core ideology of
the WSF, has contributed to its lack of action. This tendency to reject verticality out of
fear of its association with oppression poses a major challenge to the
formation of a global movement: those who would be, in principle, its largest
constituency will question overarching organizational structures. Based on
historical experience, they fear the generation of unhealthy structures of
power, the corruption of ideals, and the lack of real participation.
Nevertheless, coordination is essential for a diverse global movement to
develop sufficient coherence. The task is to find legitimate forms of
collective organization that balance the tension between the commitments to
both unity and pluralism. </p>
<p> Third,
a global movement effort must navigate a new media landscape. The Internet has
changed the character of political participation. Space has shrunk, and time
has become fluid and compressed. Social media has become more important than
conventional media. Indeed, it was essential, for example, to the election of
Bolsonaro in Brazil and Salvini in Italy, as well as Brexit in the UK. US
newspapers have a daily run of 62 million copies (ten million from quality
papers like the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, and Washington Post),
while Trump tweets to as many followers. Contemporary communications technology,
while used to sow confusion and abuse by the right, must be central to
transnational mobilization campaigns fostering awareness and solidarity. </p>
<p>Political apathy among potential allies
remains as great a challenge as the right-wing surge. This is not a new
phenomenon. The triumphant pronouncements of the end of ideology and history
three decades ago helped mute explicit debate on the long-term vision for
society. Instead, the technocrats of the International Monetary Fund, the World
Bank, and the US Treasury foisted the Washington Consensus on the rest of the
world: financial deregulation, trade liberalization, privatization, and fiscal
austerity. The benefits of globalization would lift all boats; curb
nonproductive social costs; privatize health and more; and globalize trade,
finance, and industry. Center-left parties across the West resigned themselves
to this brave new world. “Third Way” leaders like British Prime Minister Tony
Blair argued that since corporate globalization was inevitable, progressives
could, at best, give it a human face. In the absence of a real alternative to
the dominant paradigm, the left lost its constituency. The wreckage left behind
by neoliberal governments has become the engine for the populist and xenophobic
forces from across the globe. Looking
ahead, to build a viable political formation for a Great Transition, we must
find a banner under which people can rally. Climate action has increasingly
served this function, with the youthfulness of the climate movement a reason
for hope. The climate strike movement, led by Swedish student Greta Thunberg,
has engaged tens of thousands of students worldwide and shown that the fight
for a better world is on. These new young activists, many of whom have probably
never heard of the WSF, do not pretend to come with a pre-made platform; they
simply ask the system to listen to scientists. The lack of a full vision allows
them to avoid many of the WSF’s problems, yet still underscore how the system
has exhausted its viability in the face of spiraling crises. </p>
<p>Millions of people across the globe are
engaged at the grassroots level, hundreds of times more than related to the
WSF. The great challenge is to connect with those working to change the present
dire trends, making clear that we are not part of the same elite structures
and, indeed, share the same enemy. The historic preconditions undergird the
possibility of such a project, our visions of another world give it a
direction, and the growing restlessness of countless ordinary people is a
hopeful harbinger. </p>
<p>Can we find the modes of communication
and alliance to galvanize the global movement and propel it forward? I do not
see much value in a coalition of organizations and militants who meet merely to
discuss among themselves. Collective action is necessary for counterbalancing
the decline of democracy, increasing civic participation, and keeping values
and visions at the forefront. In the WSF, the debate about moving in this
direction has been going for quite some time, but has repeatedly run up against
the intransigence of the founders. </p>
<p>It would be a mistake to lose the WSF’s
impressive history and convening authority. But we need to recreate it in order
to reflect the present barbarized. Will we be able to reform WSF, and if this
is not possible, create an alternative? Citizens have become more aware of the
need for change than they were when we first met in Porto Alegre many years
ago. But they are also more divided, some taking the reactionary path of
following authoritarian leaders, some the progressive path of social justice,
participation, transparency, and cooperation. As the conventional system
destabilizes and loses legitimacy, giving life to a revamped WSF—or creating a
new platform—might be easier than the challenge of launching the process
eighteen years ago. Still, realizing the next phase will take new leaders, wide
participation, and recognition of the need for new structures. In these times,
this is a tall order. <br></p><p><br></p></div></div></div>