<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large"><p style="text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;margin-bottom:10px"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-align:left">The
2019 High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development—the global
platform for reviewing progress on the SDGs—took place last week at the
UN in New York, and in general terms, it was more of the same. Admirable
rhetoric, but not much evidence of serious efforts at comprehensive
implementation, and a host of major flaws and limitations to contend
with. As CESR has observed at previous HLPFs (see </span><a href="http://www.cesr.org/es/node/49528" style="color:rgb(216,126,69);font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent" target="_blank">2017</a><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-align:left"> and </span><a href="http://www.cesr.org/es/node/49690" style="color:rgb(216,126,69);font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-align:left;box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent" target="_blank">2018</a><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-align:left">),
the space given to civil society is far too limited, most of the
Voluntary National Reviews feel very disconnected from reality, and one
leaves with the feeling that most governments are at best timidly
tinkering around the edges, making minor adjustments to
business-as-usual while the planet burns.</span><br></p><div style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-align:justify"></div><div style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-align:justify">There
were, however, three elements that made this year’s HLPF somewhat
distinct. First, inequalities were under the spotlight, given that Goal
10 (“reduce inequality within and among countries”) was up for special
review for the first time, and the overall theme was “Empowering people
and ensuring inclusiveness and equality.” Goal 10 had been given scant
attention at the HLPFs so far—an analysis of the 2018 VNRs by the
Committee on Development Policy confirmed that SDG10 received the fewest
mentions, for example. So 2019 was an opportunity to bring inequalities
to the forefront and honestly grapple with the implementation
challenges. </div><div style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-align:justify"> </div><div style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-align:justify">There
was widespread acknowledgement that most countries are way off-track
with regard to tackling inequality, and in many areas we are in fact
moving backwards—with regard to wealth and income inequality, but also
with the frightening growth of xenophobia and discriminatory attitudes
towards migrants, as well as backlashes to the rights of women and
LGBTQIA+ people. However, there was little insight in the official
sessions as to the real obstacles to making progress on
inequality—corporate and elite capture, vested interests, lack of
political will and failures of global economic governance. As the
Pathfinders “<a href="https://cic.nyu.edu/publications/challenge-paper-inequality-and-exclusion" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(216,126,69)" target="_blank">challenge paper</a>”
makes clear, we already know what policies work—the problem is that
those measures are not politically palatable to those wielding power.
For instance, in the official session on Goal 10, there was plenty of
rhetorical agreement on the importance of progressive fiscal policy—but
when States lined up to dutifully tell the world what they had done to
tackle inequality, the word “tax” had somehow disappeared from their
vocabulary. Meanwhile, Goal 10 commitments regarding human rights and
discrimination were also largely overlooked in the discussion. </div><div style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-align:justify"> </div><div style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-align:justify">Indeed,
the most concrete, grounded and strategic discussions about the impacts
of inequality, its drivers and remedies took place outside of UN
premises, for example, at the <a href="https://www.globalpolicywatch.org/blog/2019/07/17/reshaping-governance-for-sustainability-2019-spotlight-report-launched-at-the-un-hlpf/" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(216,126,69)" target="_blank">launch</a> of the civil society <a href="https://www.2030spotlight.org/en/book/1883/chapter/reshaping-governance-sustainability" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(216,126,69)" target="_blank">Spotlight Report</a>, and CESR’s “<a href="http://www.cesr.org/fighting-inequality-time-be-bold-0" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(216,126,69)" target="_blank">Time to be Bold</a>” event with Oxfam, Fight Inequality Alliance and others. <a href="https://www.civicus.org/index.php/media-resources/news/united-nations/new-york/3918-civicus-at-the-2019-high-level-political-forum" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(216,126,69)" target="_blank">Another event</a> co-hosted
by Civicus, CESR and others made brutally clear that the interconnected
fights against extreme inequality and climate catastrophe cannot be won
while human rights and environmental defenders are being silenced,
threatened and jailed. <a href="https://twitter.com/MinaYineth" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(216,126,69)" target="_blank">Yineth Balanta</a>, an Afro-descendant activist and environmental defender from Colombia whom CESR helped bring to the HLPF, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mh2Q8tZNZf8&feature=youtu.be" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(216,126,69)" target="_blank">spoke powerfully</a> about
her community’s experience of standing up to extractive industries.
Meanwhile, governments such as Egypt were given UN space—and the
legitimacy of co-hosting UN agencies—to hold forth on how they are
tackling inequality, while arresting human rights defenders and other
dissenting voices back at home. </div><div style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-align:justify"> </div><div style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-align:justify">Second,
this was the end of the initial four-year cycle of the HLPF, with
“reform” of the HLPF and its modalities now on the table for discussion.
In terms of quantity of engagement, the HLPF has been a big
success—with over 140 VNRs presented, and large governmental and civil
society delegations attending. However, the quality of engagement
exhibits the same serious flaws as in <a href="http://www.cesr.org/es/node/49528" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(216,126,69)" target="_blank">2017</a> and <a href="http://www.cesr.org/five-key-takeaways-2018-high-level-political-forum" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(216,126,69)" target="_blank">2018</a>. Different <a href="https://www.2030spotlight.org/en/book/1883/chapter/democratic-global-governance-if-it-doesnt-challenge-power-it-isnt-democratic" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(216,126,69)" target="_blank">proposals</a> are being floated now for meaningful reform. </div><div style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-align:justify"><br></div><div style="box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:14px;text-align:justify"><div style="box-sizing:border-box">From
CESR’s perspective, there are a number of indispensable measures to be
taken if the HLPF is to grapple more seriously with the challenges of
the SDGs. For example, not only should there be more time for VNRs (half
an hour per country including questions is grossly inadequate), but
there should also be a requirement to hear at least two civil society
responses. Similarly, national civil society shadow or “spotlight”
reports must be given formal status as official contributions to the
HLPF, as in the UN human rights monitoring system. The three-hour
goal-specific panels reinforce unhelpful silos, so should be replaced
with discussions that tackle major cross-cutting challenges affecting
multiple SDGs and requiring transnational cooperation and solutions.
Discussions around debt, the global tax system, conflict and militarism,
migration, climate change mitigation and adaptation would be a far
better use of time at the only global space designated for discussing
progress and setbacks on the 2030 Agenda. However, given the vested
interests in the status quo, and the preoccupation of key UN agencies
with sheer volume of engagement from Member States, it unfortunately
seems unlikely that the “reforms” will amount to anything very radical. </div><div style="box-sizing:border-box"> </div><div style="box-sizing:border-box">A
third observation from the 2019 HLPF is the increasing recognition of
the intersections between human rights and the SDGs, at least by UN
figures and civil society. The 2030 Agenda is formally underpinned by
the Universal Declaration on Human Rights and other international human
rights treaties. As CESR’s executive director, Ignacio Saiz, argues in
the <a href="https://www.2030spotlight.org/sites/default/files/spot2019/Spotlight_Innenteil_2019_web_special_contribution_I1_Saiz.pdf" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(216,126,69)" target="_blank">Spotlight Report</a>,
human rights obligations should therefore be indispensable guideposts
to implementation. However, we are still seeing a very wide disconnect,
despite the efforts and <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24828&LangID=E" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(216,126,69)" target="_blank">exhortations</a> of
the High Commissioner for Human Rights, her staff and civil society.
For example, South Africa presented a VNR this year, but made no
reference to the detailed SDG-related recommendations resulting from its
review a few months ago by the UN Committee on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights (CESCR), such as making fiscal policy more progressive
and increasing spending on health, education and social protection. It
fell to civil society to remind the government of the relevance of
CESCR’s recommendations and the country’s human rights obligations, done
with a powerful statement from the floor and a written submission from <a href="http://www.cesr.org/factsheet-austerity-midst-inequality-threatens-human-rights-south-africa" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(216,126,69)" target="_blank">CESR, SECTION 27 and Institute for Economic Justice</a>. </div><div style="box-sizing:border-box"> </div><div style="box-sizing:border-box">Of
course, integrating human rights in SDG implementation is about far
more than just pointing out relevant treaty body recommendations. It
cannot be reduced to a technocratic or depoliticized exercise of
cross-referencing. Human rights should inform and enliven our
understanding of SDG commitments like “Leave No One Behind” and “<a href="https://www.2030spotlight.org/en/book/1730/chapter/sdg-10-invoking-extraterritorial-human-rights-obligations-confront-extreme" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(216,126,69)" target="_blank">policy coherence</a>.” They should help draw <a href="https://www.2030spotlight.org/en/book/1883/chapter/human-rights-2030-agenda-putting-justice-and-accountability-core-sustainable" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(216,126,69)" target="_blank">normative red lines</a> around
governmental discretion and navigate trade-offs and competing
interests. Human rights enable us to spell out the binding duties to
which States, international institutions and powerful non-state actors
should be <a href="http://www.cesr.org/who-will-be-accountable-sdgs" style="box-sizing:border-box;background-color:transparent;color:rgb(216,126,69)" target="_blank">held accountable</a> in their sustainable development efforts. </div><div style="box-sizing:border-box"> </div><div style="box-sizing:border-box">For
advocates, there is a difficult balance to strike between pragmatism
and integrity—as we try to convince States that their human rights
obligations mean something very immediate to SDG plans and processes.
However, the inconvenient truth is that meaningfully aligning
sustainable development practice with human rights is not easy—if it is,
you’re almost certainly doing it wrong. It should be awkward and
challenging to those in power. Dismantling power hierarchies, systemic
inequalities and structures of oppression are at the very heart of human
rights law and practice. That is exactly why it is so crucial to
embrace them if we want to see SDG implementation become truly
transformative and move decisively away from the business-as-usual
status that was so evident at this year’s HLPF. <br></div><div style="box-sizing:border-box"><br></div><div style="box-sizing:border-box">Kate Donald, CESR<br></div></div></div></div>