<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large"><br></div>From: <b class="gmail_sendername" dir="auto">Beverley Snell</b> <span dir="auto"><<a href="mailto:beverleyfsnell@gmail.com">beverleyfsnell@gmail.com</a>></span><br><div class="gmail_quote">Here is an opinion piece from James Love in the Financial Times - about the WHO List and access to cancer drugs,<div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div>(sent by Thiru Balasubramniam) (Only subscribers can see it in the FT)</div><div><br></div><div><a href="https://www.ft.com/content/06a76e44-a965-11e9-90e9-fc4b9d9528b4" style="font-family:Arial" target="_blank">https://www.ft.com/content/06a76e44-a965-11e9-90e9-fc4b9d9528b4</a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(26,26,26)" lang="EN-US"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(26,26,26)" lang="EN-US">Opinion Drug prices</span></p><div><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-size:14px" lang="EN-US">Time to make essential cancer drugs more
affordable</span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:Arial;font-size:14px">Governments can do more to pressure makers
to bring down prices</span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:Arial">JAMES LOVE</span><span style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:Arial"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(26,26,26)" lang="EN-US">Patents thwart the entry of low priced
drugs in many countries. Governments should
remove those barriers</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(26,26,26)" lang="EN-US">Since 1977, the World Health
Organization has managed and updated a list of drugs it calls “essential”. They
ask governments, particularly in </span><span style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:Arial">developing countries, to make these
medicines widely available. Adding a drug to the list is controversial, because
it can expand access but also </span><span style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:Arial">places new demands on healthcare
budgets.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(26,26,26)" lang="EN-US">This week the WHO added 12 medicines for
five cancer treatments to its list, including several that are new and highly
priced.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(26,26,26)" lang="EN-US">In the past, WHO’s Essential Medicines
List has focused almost entirely on cheap off- patent medicines. In recent
years, first with drugs for HIV, and more recently for hepatitis, cancer and
autoimmune diseases, there are pressures to include new drugs, some of them
extremely expensive. This presents challenges for government healthcare budgets
because their use can potentially divert resources from more cost-effective
therapies.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(26,26,26)" lang="EN-US">Yet, as we have seen from HIV and
hepatitis treatments, governments can bring down the price of medicines through
voluntary licensing of the patent rights from commercial drugmakers, or more
coercively through compulsory licensing or price controls</span><span style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:Arial"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(26,26,26)" lang="EN-US">My partner and my co-author’s partner
are alive because of access to effective cancer drugs. One of those medicines
was only this week added to the WHO list. Two other drugs my partner used were
rejected, even though they are seen as effective treatments.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(26,26,26)" lang="EN-US">We urge the WHO to develop a second list
of medicines — those that would be labelled “essential” if they were available
at affordable prices.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(26,26,26)" lang="EN-US">Some of the newly added essential cancer
medicines are available at relatively low prices in some countries, or they can
be manufactured cheaply. The production cost of afatinib, which is used to
treat lung cancer, has been estimated at $8.85 per month, and lenalidomide, for
the treatment of multiple myeloma, is $2.55 per month.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(26,26,26)" lang="EN-US">Patents will block competition and
thwart the entry of low-priced drugs in many countries. But governments can and
should remove those barriers. Previously when authorities have shown they are
willing to use compulsory </span><span style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:Arial">licensing, drug companies have responded
by offering voluntary licensing through the UN-backed Medicines Patent Pool.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:Arial">But this has rarely happened outside the
field of infectious diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis and hepatitis. In 2016,
Andrew Witty, then GSK chief executive, said the company would consider
submitting patents on new drugs to the MPP, but his successor has not followed
through with cancer medicines.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:Arial">Our plea for making these new essential
cancer medicines affordable in the developing world is bound to spark concern
that the low prices will deter research and development spending for new drugs.
But most of today’s drug sales are in high income countries, and returns from
developing countries for many cancer drugs are inconsequential.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(26,26,26)" lang="EN-US">These concerns over innovation
incentives do not require us to tolerate high prices and unequal access. They
could be addressed through other measures that delink R&D spending from
drug prices, including research grant programmes or “market entry rewards” that
provide payouts for the development of drugs that meets specific needs.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(26,26,26)" lang="EN-US">We also call on the WHO to change its
approach to drugs that treat metastatic cancer. The essential medicines
committee rejected the inclusion of two important medicines used in the
treatment of metastatic breast cancer, saying this was not considered a
priority.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:Arial">This is at odds with evidence that
cancer is often diagnosed late in lower income countries, when cancer has
progressed further. Also, as first line treatments improve and extend lives,
that creates a need for treatment for cancer that has metastasized.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:rgb(26,26,26)" lang="EN-US">The writer heads Knowledge Ecology
International. Ellen ‘t Hoen, the first director of the Medicines Patent Pool
and director of Medicines Law & Policy, contributed.</span></p><br></div></div></div>