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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" align="center"><b><span style="font-size:14pt">Health for all by the year 2000 !</span></b><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" align="center"><b><i><span style="font-size:14pt">What happened to WHO’s magnificent social justice
project ?<span></span></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><b><i><span style="font-size:14pt"><span> </span></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="font-family:Times">Le Courrier, Geneva. January
21, 2019. <span> </span>By Alison Katz (PHM member)<span></span></span></p>
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</tbody></table><span style="font-family:Times"><span></span></span><span style="font-family:"Trebuchet MS"">French
version: <a href="https://lecourrier.ch/2019/01/20/liberer-loms-du-joug-neoliberal/"><span style="color:blue">https://lecourrier.ch/2019/01/20/liberer-loms-du-joug-neoliberal/</span></a></span><span style="font-family:Times"><span></span></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" align="center"><b><i><span><span>
</span></span></i></b><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><i><span>For 40 years, the World Health
Organization has been subjected to pressure from powerful economic actors,
separated from the people it serves and diverted from its public health mandate.
Every principle and value of its 1978 social justice project « Health for
All » has been undermined. </span></i><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span>The people’s international health
authority has fallen victim to neoliberal global restructuring, as have most
social and economic institutions serving the public interest, including of
course, many UN programmes and agencies. The WHO today is on its knees and
deeply compromised. How did this happen ?</span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span><span>
</span><span> </span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><i><span>Health for All </span></i><span>(HfA)
became WHO’s slogan at the end of « Les trentes glorieuses » (1945-1975)
– thirty years of genuine progress towards a fairer – and therefore a healthier
– world. This was the era of decolonization when the need for redistribution of
power and resources, including the rights of peoples to self determination and
control over national resources was widely recognized and there was a strong
commitment to universal, comprehensive public services to meet basic needs for
health. It was a time of optimism, moral vision and genuine progress.<span> </span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span>Optimism was fully justified because
the world had (and still has) ample resources to ensure the health and the
wellbeing of all. It was no utopia then and it is no utopia now.<i> </i></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span><span>
</span><span> </span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><b><i><span>A threat to private interests and
powerful nations<span>
</span></span></i></b><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><i><span>« The existing gross inequality
in the health status of the people particularly between developed and
developing countries as well as within countries, is politically, socially and
economically unacceptable. . . . . .Economic development, based on a New
International Economic Order, is of basic importance to the fullest attainment
of health for all and to the reduction of the gap between the health status of
the developing and developed countries. »<span>
</span></span></i><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span>The Declaration of Alma Ata<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
in 1978 at WHO’s International Conference on Primary Health Care<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
has lost none of its power – or relevance.<span>
</span>It was, however, a revolutionary, social justice project that identified
poverty and inequality, nationally and internationally, as the major
determinants of avoidable, premature illness and deaths worldwide.<span> </span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><i><span><span>
</span></span></i><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span>HfA was predicated on the New
International Economic Order (NIEO) as proposed by the Group of 77<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>and
as such it was deeply threatening to the established order. Within two years,
it had been reduced to four priority interventions unencumbered by larger
issues of economic justice. </span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span><span>
</span><span> </span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span>Since then, under pressure from rich
Member States, WHO has been progressively diverted from its broad public health
mandate of development, equity and sustainable health systems and directed
towards narrow, vertical, biomedical approaches. </span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span>In simple terms, this means ignoring
root causes (miserable living conditions) in favour or short term technological
fixes ; neglecting prevention of disease and promotion of health, in
favour of treatment (invariably pharmaceutical).<a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"> </span>; and ignoring the fact that rich
countries all significantly and sustainably improved population health by
addressing miserable living conditions. </span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><b><i><span>Health : a human right or a
philanthrocapitalist commodity ?</span></i></b><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span><span>
</span><span> </span>Extremely
hostile to emancipatory projects, powerful donors imposed budget restrictions
on all UN agencies towards the end of the 70s – coinciding in WHO’s case with
the launch of HfA. The zero growth policy<a href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>
still in force today, despite much protest, is the major source of WHO’s
capture by private interests. Successive Director-Generals of the WHO point to
the empty coffers to justify turning for « help » to industry,
private foundations, and Member States acting on behalf of their
multinationals.<span>
</span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span><span>
</span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span>Health represents a trillion dollar
market, as the World Economic Forum never ceases to remind its constituents.
And « donations » to WHO are valuable investments for multinational
companies seeking new, profitable spheres for their activities.<span> </span>Health is no longer conceived as a human
right, as declared in WHO’s constitution but as a commodity or at best, an
input to productivity – as promoted in 2001 by Jeffrey Sachs in the WHO report <i>Investing
in Health for Economic Development. </i><span> </span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="color:black"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="color:black">The WHO today is more or
less privatized. It controls a mere 20 % of its budget. The remaining
80 % consists of extrabudgetary voluntary contributions from Member States
and private foundations, almost all of which is earmarked for specific donor
driven priorities and programmes. </span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="color:black"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span>Pointing to WHO’s
« inefficiency » or « irrelevance », powerful donors,
including rich member states, claim to have no confidence in the organization
that they have themselves helped to dismantle and corrupt . . . .<span> </span><span> </span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span><span>
</span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><b><i>From Alma Ata to Davos<span>
</span><span> </span></i></b><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><b><i><span><span> </span></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span>In January 1999, at the World Economic
Forum in Davos, Kofi Annan proposed that the world’s business leaders and the
UN « initiate a global compact of shared values and principles, which will
give a human face to the global market ».<span>
</span>With no mandate from his constituency, the UN Secretary General offered
UN support « for an environment which favours trade and open
markets » in exchange for commitment (with no enforcement mechanism) by
corporations to nine principles in the area of human rights, labour and the
environment. </span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span>In similar fashion, WHO, in the 1990s,
under Dr Brundtland, adopted donor driven, business models led by the private
sector and launched multiple public-private partnerships (PPP) implementing
vertical programmes addressing specific diseases. These arrangements have
further increased the power of multinational corporations to direct health
policy and undermined and fragmented the provision of health services. </span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span><span> </span><span> </span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span>The solution to the problem of
resources for health is not for public bodies to go begging to the private
sector or to celebrity philanthropists (themselves completely identified with
multinational capitalism). The solution today, as it was at Alma Ata 40 years
ago, is economic justice and an adequate tax base, at national and
international levels.<span>
</span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span><span>
</span><span> </span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><b><span>« Social injustice is killing
people on a grand scale » (WHO, 2005)</span></b><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="color:black">On the rare occasions
today when the World Health Organization operates without private sector
influence, it does extremely valuable work. In 2005, the WHO Commission on
Social Determinants of Health reported that: </span><i><span>The unequal
distribution of health damaging experiences is not in any sense a
« natural » phenomenon but is a result of a toxic combination of poor
social policies and programmes, unfair economic arrangements and bad
politics.<span>
</span></span></i><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span>In 2017, there were 5.4 million deaths
worldwide in children under five. In Sub Saharan Africa, 1 in 13 children die
before the age of five, in Australia and New Zealand, the figure is 1 in 263.<a href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
<span style="color:black">Life expectancy at birth is 53 years in Sierra Leone,
63 in Syria, 78 in USA and 83 in Switzerland.<a href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> </span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span><span>
</span><span> </span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span>If WHO’s social justice project had
been allowed to continue, there would be no deaths in the 21st century from
malnutrition, unclean water and lack of sanitation<a href="#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[8]</span></span></span></span></a> ;
and differences in life expectancy between countries would be insignificant. </span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><b><i><span><span> </span></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><b><i><span>Protect WHO from private interests and
their powerful member states !</span></i></b><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><b><i><span><span> </span></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span>For decades, health and environmental
NGOs such as the People’s Health Movement, have fought for the independence of
WHO from corporate interests. It has been a losing battle given that the rich
member states tend to represent the interests of their multinationals<a href="#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>
at the World Health Assembly. </span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="color:black">The latest
« reform » is a source of despair to supporters of an independent
WHO.<span> </span>Today, industry is free to finance
WHO activities and private foundations such as the Bill and Melinda Gates
Foundation have been able to gain Official Relations status with the WHO.
International health operates under plutocratic governance and major conflicts
of interest are no longer addressed.<a href="#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span> </span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="color:black"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span>Health for All and the WHO must be
reappropriated by its constituents, the peoples of this world<a href="#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span><span class="gmail-MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[11]</span></span></span></span></a> ;
and loyalty to WHO’s constitution must take precedence over loyalty to Member
States. The latter must be reminded that in their dealings with WHO, they are
delegated by their citizens to protect and promote their health <i>and not the
interests of their multinational corporations</i>.<span>
</span><span> </span></span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><b><i><span><span>
</span></span></i></b><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><i><span><span>
</span><span> </span></span></i><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><i><span><span> </span></span></i><span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><i><span><span> </span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><i><span><span> </span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><i><span><span> </span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><i><span><span> </span></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><i><span><span> </span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><i><span><span>
</span></span></i><span></span></p>
<div><br clear="all">
<hr width="33%" size="1" align="left">
<div id="gmail-ftn1">
<p class="gmail-MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 16.95pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif""><span><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif"">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span> </span>In the former Soviet Union, now Almaty<span>
</span><span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="gmail-ftn2">
<p class="gmail-MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 16.95pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif""><span><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif"">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span> </span>Primary Health Care was conceived as an
essential component of the much larger HfA project<span> </span><span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="gmail-ftn3">
<p class="gmail-MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 16.95pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif""><span><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif"">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span> </span>Group of 77 non-aligned countries.<span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="gmail-ftn4">
<p class="gmail-MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 16.95pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><a href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif""><span><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif"">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span> </span>None of the four public health goals -
prevention, promotion, treatment and rehabilitation - should be neglected. <span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="gmail-ftn5">
<p class="gmail-MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 16.95pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><a href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif""><span><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif"">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span><span> </span>The freeze on assessed contributions from
Member States, ie the only part of the budget that WHO controls</span><span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="gmail-ftn6">
<p class="gmail-MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 16.95pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><a href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif""><span><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif"">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span> </span><a href="https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Child-Mortality-Report-2018.pdf">https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Child-Mortality-Report-2018.pdf</a><span>
</span><span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="gmail-ftn7">
<p class="gmail-MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 16.95pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><a href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif""><span><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif"">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span><span> </span><a href="http://www.who.int/gho/mortality_burden_disease/life_tables/situation_trends/en/">http://www.who.int/gho/mortality_burden_disease/life_tables/situation_trends/en/</a><span> </span></span><span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="gmail-ftn8">
<p class="gmail-MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 16.95pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><a href="#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif""><span><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif"">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span> </span>Accounting for at least 50 % of under
five mortality<span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="gmail-ftn9">
<p class="gmail-MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 16.95pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><a href="#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif""><span><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif"">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span> </span>Not just the pharmaceutical industry, but
the food, beverage and agricultural giants, and in the case of the US and UK,
the health services industry<span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="gmail-ftn10">
<p class="gmail-MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 16.95pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><a href="#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif""><span><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif"">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span> </span>Richter J. Time to turn the tide : WHO’s
engagement with non-state actors and the politics of stakeholder governance and
conflicts of interest, <span class="gmail-Citation" style="font-style:italic">BMJ 2014; 348 doi: </span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g3351"><span class="gmail-Citation" style="font-style:italic"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g3351</span></span></a><span class="gmail-Citation" style="font-style:italic"> </span><span></span></p>
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<div id="gmail-ftn11">
<p class="gmail-MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 16.95pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><a href="#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif""><span><span class="gmail-Caractresdenotedebasdepage"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif"">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span> </span>CETIM/People’s Health Movement. <i>La Santé
pour Tous ! Se réapproprier Alma Ata</i>. Genève 2007.<span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>