<div dir="ltr"><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr"><span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria"></p><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr">For 6 weeks, the PHM-exchange will, on a weekly basis, bring you summaries of all the chapters of its recently published Global Health Watch 5. By the time the last installment is sent out, PHM expects to be able to post the full text of GHW5 electronically for your reading and perusal. <br>We encourage you to read, use and share this material since it provides crucial advocacy contents.<b><span></span></b><br><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">
<br></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt"><b><span style="font-size:8pt">As in the case of all previous Global Health Watches,
GHW5 does nothing but build on PHM’s People’s Charter for Health launched in
the year 2000. <span></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt"><b><span style="font-size:8pt">All Watches tell activists worldwide what issues worry
PHM and its partners, why we denounce them, what consequences loom in the
future if nothing is done about them, what (if anything) is being done about
them and what actions PHM calls for and supports.<span></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt"><b><span style="font-size:8pt">GHW5 presents to you a decisive global health critique
and outlook not easily found elsewhere.<span></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt"><span style="color:red"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in"><b><span><span>D.<span style="font:7pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><b>WATCHING.<span></span></b></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in"><b><span> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt"><b>D1. MONEY TALKS AT
THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION.<span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">WHO is beset with fundamental challenges that threaten the
very foundations and founding principles of the organization. Its capacity has
been seriously eroded over the years. Its legitimacy stands compromised. Underpinning
the deficiencies in WHO clearly is its funding crisis. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">WHO’s budget is financed through a mix of extremely low assessed
contributions from member states and voluntary contributions/grants from public
and private sources. This gives the organization a chronic lack of predictability
it needs for its operations. Historically, the assessed contributions exceeded voluntary
sources of funding. Extra-budgetary resources became the dominant source since
the early 90s when assessed contributions were frozen in 1993 by a resolution
sponsored by the USA. <span> </span>Let it be
mentioned that many member states have failed to pay their assessed membership
dues so that WHO is literally a financial hostage of voluntary contributions
that now make up about 80% of WHO’s total budget. These contributions are
overwhelmingly earmarked, i.e., tied to a particular program. Just 7% of all
voluntary contributions (by only 10 countries) have lately been made as ‘core
voluntary contributions’ that allow WHO to decide its use. About half of the
voluntary tied contributions has been from countries (importantly the US and
the UK) and the rest has been from other donors including private foundations,
inter-governmental agencies and partnerships with private and corporate
entities. None of the non-state voluntary contributors provide untied core
funds. Foundations like the Gates Foundation have their favorite areas of
support that ultimately guide WHO’s recommendations. This begs the question:
Are these partners or competitors for health? The current model allows donors
to finance and deliver assistance in ways that they can more closely control
and monitor at every stage. Targeted donors influence not only results and give
WHO less flexibility; this also weakens support to WHO’s leadership that is now
driven by non-independent considerations thus undermining WHO’s ability to use
its expertise and full staff capacity. As a result, WHO has been more vulnerable
to influence by rich donor countries promoting the interests of powerful corporations
especially Big Pharma. This is how market power readily translates into political
power. This represents a failure of political will of WHO to take-on big
business. Clearly, donors are cherry picking the areas they wish to fund.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">Moreover, some WHO programs are grossly underfunded as a
consequence of the donor chokehold of its finances. Areas in which there is
difficulty to measure outcomes, irrespective of their public health importance
receive no support from donors. Similarly, the strengthening of health systems is
ignored by donors. <span> </span>Do WHO priorities taken
‘under influence’ override important decisions even taken by member states? Probably.
<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">The consequences of all this go beyond global public health
since WHO has lost its political clout/importance relative to new actors in the
global health arena. The resulting shift in the governance influence
additionally pushes member states to engage in multistakeholder operations. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">WHO’s Framework for Engagement with Non-State Actors (FENSA)
has put private sector entities on an equal footing with public interest
entities, not recognizing their fundamentally different nature and roles.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt"><span> </span>When applied to major
TNCs, their business associations and philanthropic foundations, this FENSA categorization
legitimizes the framing of public health<span>
</span>problems <u>and</u> solutions in favor of the interests and agendas of
those actors. FENSA has also removed the existing restrictions on accepting financial
resources from the private sector to fund salaries of WHO staff --a clear conflict
<span> </span>of interest (!). <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">For all the above reasons, there is an urgent need to
reposition WHO as the primary and central health authority and to break donor control
plus bringing the assessed contributions back as WHO’s core funding. Contributions
from non-state ‘partners’ must be accompanied with signed agreements that
guarantee commitment to UN standards and principles. FENSA must be made to
distinguish between non-state partners in general and dominant donors. This
makes PHM emphasize that the vicious circle whereby current responses to the
chronic financing situation are ac tually being applied actually exacerbates it.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">Xxx<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt"><b>D2. PRIVATE
PHILANTHROPIC FOUNDATIONS: WHAT DO THEY MEAN FOR GLOBAL HEALTH? <span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">There is a growing influence of philanthropic foundations in
global development and the risk of side effects of this trend are being ignored.
Philanthropy is aimed at preserving rather than redistributing wealth. It is an
alternate notion of welfare embedded <u>within</u> the structure of capitalism.
These foundations are exempt from paying most taxes and contributions to them
benefit from tax deductions; up to a third or more of their endowment monies
are thus subsidized by public money. The Gates Foundation important grant-making
decisions are the purview of three people (the trustees, i.e., Bill, Melinda and
Warren Buffet). Philanthropy is actually used to thwart demands for higher corporate
taxation; in its giving, it often opens up markets for US- or Europe-based multinationals.
<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">However, a rosy picture of philanthropic engagement is still
predominant as the side-effects of their granting are still ignored. The SDGs do
welcome philanthropic engagement in multistakeholder partnerships with the private
sector; these are seen as ‘pragmatic’ and ‘solution-oriented’. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">Philanthropy is growing, but only in the context of rampant
inequalities as they use market-based approaches to development. Almost all
these organizations attempt to influence decision-makers and to sway public
opinion. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">They further give generous grants to the media --a clear conflict
of interest since the true debate about development is muffled whenever it
pertains to controversial issues. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">They also get importantly involved in active political
lobbing to foster quick-win approaches while structural and political obstacles
remain neglected. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">They have been rightly criticized for ‘managing the poor
rather than empowering them’.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">Their reliance on technical solutions is well known; they
thus love to fund vertical disease-specific programs.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">They foster the privatization of basic services silencing
critiques when these PPPs do not work.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">They promote the notion that better technologies can offer
lasting market-based techno-solutions to the myriad complex global problems.
For instance, they ignore the necessity to build functional/functioning health
systems and to attend to the whole range of social determinants. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">All are ‘searching for answers with their right hand to problems
that others in the room have created with their left’.<span> </span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">Governments are slowly realizing the risks associated with the
growing influence of corporate philanthropy though. They are slowly understanding
the risks of engagement with private actors and the possible safeguards they
need to put in place. They are too slowly coming up with the political determination
to effectively limit the influence of these philanthropies though.<span> </span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">Note that WHO’s FENSA was crafted to accommodate private
foundations and for-profit entities. Their influence in WHO’s decision-making
processes is ignored rather than WHO effectively managing the serious conflict
of interest issues this raises.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">There is, therefore, an urgent need for clear rules for cooperation
with private foundations with clear ‘red lines’ that will include minimum requirements
for such coop, as well as clear conflict of interest policies and rules for
transparency, accountability and independent evaluation.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">CSOs must further reconsider their cooperation with philanthropic
foundations.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">Xx<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt"><b>D3. MANAGEMENT
CONSULTING FIRMS IN GLOBAL HEALTH<span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">The role of management consulting firms has, by and large,
remained hidden from the public eye. Providing advice to governments around the
world the same way private corporations do was an idea whose time had come.
These firms share the belief that what the public sector needs is an injection
of private sector efficiency, cost effectiveness, project management skills and
monitoring frameworks: “We can show you how to run programs and how to spend
money, filling capacity gaps and reassuring boards of donors”.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">Management consulting firms rapidly made themselves
indispensible. Today, they have become ubiquitous in global health institutions
--becoming very lucrative in the process. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">The problem is that consultants have moved from providing
organizational advice to offering strategic guidance. There are thus questionable
implications of using these management consultants. This warrants examination. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">These consultants undermine systemic, root-causes interventions
since they tend to be generalists (and pride themselves to be such). They
analyze problems through an organizational management lens and use this as a
basis upon which their proposed responses to a problem are built. In our case,
this results in a tendency to collapse health and human development into a technical
exercise. This also means weeding out long-term solutions and not focusing on
the systemic dimensions of problems and their root causes (e.g., discrimination,
human rights, democratic participation, and power issues). Such considerations
are actually absent from consultants’ playbooks. Result? This entrenches the
status-quo when it comes to systems and power rather than challenging power.
The consultants’ language includes terms like ‘value for money’, ‘results-based
financing’ and ‘high impact interventions’ which push in the direction of the
easier wins and ‘biggest bang for the buck’, and not in the direction of the
greatest needs. They focus on ‘low-hanging-fruits’ and, in practice, this reduces
support for key prevention activities and reduces funding for organizing public
interest CSOs --if not undermining them! <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">All in all, consultants turn discussions on health into
elite debates. This changes the nature of activism and advocacy which are then
filtered through the efficacy model to health challenges. Public interest CSOs
from the South are consequently pushed to the margins.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">Moreover, consulting firms consistently champion the public-private
model of cooperation as the quasi-universal solution. They are not bound to
disclose the names of their clients or the products or the analyses they generate
for them which are very seldom shared. In the case of WHO, consultants hired by
the Gates Foundation have gone as far as recommending staff changes in the
organization.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">This opaque way of operating allows them to amass
intelligence and proprietary information. Predictably, this often leads to consultants
being hired time and time again on issues they have already worked-on without them
taking responsibility (or credit) for how their hiring institution uses (or not)
their advice. The impact of the recommendations they make is rarely, if ever,
evaluated! <span> </span>…they have no commitment to
the countries they work in and much less connection with affected communities
therein. Their engagement has no accountability. Revolving door conflicts of interest
are not unheard-of in this business.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">Management consultants forays into global health may be
understood as well-choreographed profit-seeking endeavors. Their engagement
gets translated into lucrative dependencies. They appear to have mastered the
art of socializing risks and privatizing benefits. The framing of health as a
technical exercise and the related focus on value for money, efficiency gains
and rapid results has led to the exclusion of those most knowledgeable and
those most in need, as well as led to<span> </span><span> </span>the side-lining of systemic long-term solutions
and to the downgrading of community voices.<span>
</span>Public interest is seldom served by the secrecy surrounding this
business.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">Xxx<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt"><b>D4. GAVI AND THE
GLOBAL FUND.<span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">Private actors appear to/or have hijacked both these
partnerships in areas of activities that are essentially public in nature. This
is particularly problematic given that both these partnerships are largely
funded through public sources --mainly through contributions from countries.
Actually, more than four fifths of all money for basic research to discover new
vaccines and medicines comes from public sources.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt"><u>The GAVI conundrum</u>: In its non-transparent decision
making processes, GAVI has a hybrid governance structure that involves non-state
actors such as pharmaceutical corporations. 79% of GAVI’s funding comes from
governments and the rest from foundations, corporations and individuals. GAVI
places emphasis on technological solutions to achieve quick, short-term,
quantifiable results.<span> </span>In so doing, it
promotes the interests of private vaccine manufacturers. GAVI is known to
accommodate the pharmaceutical industry’s needs --basically, <u>four</u> multinational
giants in vaccine development and manufacturing that control almost 80% of the
vaccine market. GAVI does not promote local production and technology transfers.
It pushes national immunization schedules of countries it supports that actually
cost-share the vaccines they use.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">Industry is further known to exaggerate their research and
development costs! For example, pneumococcal vaccine costs more than GAVI-eligible
countries can afford. Let alone, R&D activities would have paid off more if
focused on the real needs in these countries.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">Charging different prices for the same product in different
markets or consumer groups allows Big Pharma to maintain market monopoly by
blocking generic competitors. Pricing decisions, we know, lack transparency --nothing
new here. Robust generic competition, and not tiered pricing, offers the actual
sustainable solution to this problem of higher prices of new medicines and vaccines.
Policies that encourage technology transfers and that promote competition must thus
be adopted --and these are not yet part of GAVI’s strategy! Negotiations on
these and other issues take place in total darkness since the real costs of
production are not known to the negotiators.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">Note that by 2025, 29 of the originally 73 eligible
countries will have lost GAVI support entirely and will have to fully finance
their national immunization programs. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt"><span> </span>Given all this
quasi-monopoly situation, MSF has, in protest, gone as far as rejecting vaccine
donations by Pfizer.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">GAVI’s close association with the Gates Found raises further
concerns regarding conflict of interest.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">Finally, only 10% of GAVI’s total commitments are dedicated
to health systems strengthening and that amount is, in big part, used to purchasing
boats, bikes, vaccination kits and cold chain equipment --all related to
immunization programs. GHW5 points out that GAVI’s support for other PHC
services is absent thus the persistent disconnect between immunization and other
aspects of the broader health system agenda. Bottom, line,<b> </b>GAVI’s global immunization coverage has increased by only 1% since
2010.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt"><u>The Global Fund conundrum</u>: 93% of all Global Fund (GF)
financing comes from donor governments. The private sector’s influence on the
GF is disproportionately large compared to its 7% contribution. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">WHO and UNAIDS have no vote on the board of the GF. Decision
making is entrusted to a small group of representatives with equal standing given
to the public and private sectors in its organizational governance. But the public-private
partnership character of it jeopardizes democratic global governance.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">The GF is not an inter-governmental organization.
Nevertheless, all GF grants are exempt from taxation. <span> </span><span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt">The GF does not implement programs directly. With 700 staff
based in Geneva, it describes itself as a lean and efficient organization that
does not have country offices. It regularly offers opportunities and lucrative
contracts to the private sector. International management and auditing firms are
the ones that operate as GF agents (as fiscal agents and external auditors).
These firms consistently favor the local private sector to the detriment of public
health. They too often have negligible or limited public health expertise, are
expensive and offer services of questionable quality. It is said they promote
the ‘Gates approach’ to health governance, clearly representing instances of private
sector influence on activities that are publicly funded and that essentially
take place in the public sphere.<span></span></p>
<br><p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div>