<div dir="ltr"><div>For 6 weeks, the PHM-exchange will, on a weekly basis, bring you summaries of all the chapters of its recently published Global Health Watch 5. By the time the last installment is sent out, PHM expects to be able to post the full text of GHW5 electronically for your reading and perusal. We encourage you to read, use and share this material since it provides crucial advocacy contents.</div><br><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria"><b><span style="font-size:8pt">As in the case of all previous Global Health Watches,
GHW5 does nothing but build on PHM’s People’s Charter for Health launched in
the year 2000. <span></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria"><b><span style="font-size:8pt">All Watches tell activists worldwide what issues worry
PHM and its partners, why we denounce them, what consequences loom in the
future if nothing is done about them, what (if anything) is being done about
them and what actions PHM calls for and supports.<span></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria"><b><span style="font-size:8pt">GHW5 presents to you a decisive global health critique
and outlook not easily found elsewhere.<span></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria"><b><span> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria"><b>B5. HOW PPPs UNDERMINE
PUBLIC SERVICES<span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Experiences here come from Sweden.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Systematically extracting additional benefits from already
agreed health PPPs with the government is typical of the private sector
tactics; this is done by creating a series of additional sub-contracts within.
The cost of the partnership thus increases with each additional sub-contract
while the process becomes less transparent. These deals have always been
shrouded in secrecy. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Classically, in these PPPs, shortages of nursing personnel
are a bottleneck. This shortage is due to low wages and low increments in wages
for nurses on top of tough working conditions for them. The latter are never
prioritized while funds are diverted to consulting firms and expensive
contractors. Large amounts of money are being spent on hiring management
consulting firms that are often over-paid.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">To the detriment of beneficiaries, PPPs in the hospital
business have been successful and are being promoted through the IMF, the World
Bank and the EU. One example is in Lesotho where half the country’s health budget
goes towards funding a large PPP venture in the capital city.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Xx<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria"><b>B6. ACCESS TO
HEALTHCARE OF MIGRANTS<span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria"><span> </span>Experiences here come
from Europe.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Migrants exclusion from healthcare has as a consequence that
markedly fewer migrants attempt to access the healthcare systems as most are
wrongfully denied their rights. Add to this their lack of access to adequate housing
and food. Their temporary identity documents barely cover emergency medical
problems; preventive care is not available; thousands of children have not been
immunized. Access to PHC is difficult, but much more so is access to secondary
and tertiary healthcare facilities mainly, but not only due to their lack of
documentation.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Xenophobia has also been on the rise. Hate discourses use
migrants as scape goats for what are the countries’ problems. Clearly,
undocumented migrants are being blamed to divert attention of the public from
unpopular social sector cutbacks.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Protecting the right to health for all is of paramount
importance here. Austerity measures in Europe have greatly reduced investments
in healthcare; migrants are left at the shorter end of the stick.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Migrants’ perception of their lack of rights results in them
desisting from demanding assistance even if needed. Add to this complex administrative
processes tedious and difficult to understand and translations services most
often not being available<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria"><span> </span>--all impeding
access. The necessity to provide proof of residence is another huge barrier. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria"><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">The restrictive interpret of laws by healthcare personnel
has further resulted in asylum seekers being denied care. State institutions
are, with some exceptions, obliged to report undocumented migrants to migration
authorities. This is a clincher.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">It is not enough to offer health services and make them
claimable; one needs to promote and actively inform people if such resources
are to become truly accessible.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">All this amounts to a grave breach of human rights as being
perpetrated. Mobilized public interest CSOs have been actively advocating to
ensure a universal system for every person.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Xxx<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria"><b>B7. INFORMALIZATION
OF EMPLOYMENT IN PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES.<span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Examples here come from South Asia.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">The state has been retreating from the provision of
healthcare in more places than we suspect. <span> </span>Public budgets are dwindling and the remuneration
of health workers is decreasing in relation to total health expenditures
globally. Women are among the worst impacted by downward pressures on
remuneration.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">The trend that comes as a consequence is the informalization
of employment in the health sector. Employment to retirement in the public
health sector is dwindling; short-term contracts are in.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">PHM notes that insecurity of tenure in the case of informal
employment makes it more difficult for workers to join or form unions. <span> </span>Without the right to unionize and to engage in
collective bargaining, health workers remain vulnerable to exploitation by
their employers.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Informal employment relations are first sought to unskilled workers.
As informalization spreads, ward attendants and cleaning staff are also
affected and hired temporarily. Laboratory staff and nurses are affected at the
end of the chain.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Informalization of the health workforce, weakening of public
healthcare institutions and the expansion of the role of the private sector are
actually interlinked in multiple and complex ways.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Note that the under-funded and extensive deployment of community
health workers (CHWs) in rural areas goes hand in hand with their irregular
working hours and their inadequate remuneration. The latter is a key factor in
their attrition. The remuneration issue has become a bitter struggle for them in
some places with associations having been formed to fight for wage-based remuneration
and other labor rights such as paid leave and pensions. Their discontent cannot
be brushed aside. For long-term sustainability (recruitment and retention), their
formal recognition with full rights is to be supported. (Some CHWs are paid
special bonuses and stipends for refreshments during immunization campaigns,
but this is hardly enough).<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">GHW5 notes that lower-caste and minority women are mostly
excluded from the selection process. This, despite the fact that CHWs in the health
system amount to a hidden subsidy towards society at large.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Finally, migration is a key driver of the current global
health workforce crisis with workers being pushed to the private sector and/or
seeking greener pastures overseas.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Only through engagement of the larger public health community
with the demands of organized health workers can both decent work and quality
services be effectively realized.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Xxx<span></span></p>
<p class="m_-8337848935600339495gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria"><b><span><span>A.<span style="font:7pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><b>BEYOND
HEALTHCARE.<span></span></b></p>
<p class="m_-8337848935600339495gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria"><b><span> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria"><b>C1. CLIMATE CHANGE,
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND HEALTH. <span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Ubiquitous slick corporate social responsibility campaigns keep
claiming the above to be an exaggerated fabrication. So, market driven
enterprises continue to merrily jeopardize the spaces and places where people
work, play and live. Children, women and the elderly are particularly exposed.
Attempts at controls are systematically opposed.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">GHW5 is worried, among other, about outdoor and indoor air
pollution, the overuse and contamination of water, slash and burn operations,
toxic waste disposal, the plastic contamination of oceans, land degradation,
deforestation and so many other 21<sup>st</sup> century planetary worries
affecting public health. partly exposed<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">All these have explicit underlying political determinants that
ultimately affect the allocation of resource in our societies.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">As relates to climate change, it is noted that the same is
exacerbating existing health problems including secondary consequences such as
vector-borne diseases, food shortages and food insecurity and particularly
population displacements.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">The most likely affected, no surprise, will be the
impoverished, the socially excluded and the otherwise vulnerable groups
including indigenous people (that are also at the forefront resisting abuses).<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">PHM emphasizes that it is a misconception to continue saying
that population size or growth per-se drives these issues. Climate change is
deeply shaped by TNCs and the life styles of the rich.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Environmental degradation and its health consequences are thus
borne by those excluded from power and decision-making with the greatest advantages
accruing to the more powerful. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Recycling and composting, home gardening, use of energy
efficient appliances <span> </span>and of public
transport, biking, walking and lowering thermostats in winter, are just some of
the recommendations for affluent societies. But all these need a motivation to
make these behavioral changes -and the same is simply not there.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">A caveat here would be the fact that individual or household-level
solutions do not affect the real underlying structural determinants, the ones that
drive global environmental degradation. Pro-TNC policies and subsidies for sure
aggravate the situation.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">We are thus left with confronting agribusiness, energy,
mining and other industrial interests through litigation, divestment campaigns,
advocacy, protests and other methods. An example is the actions of La Via
Campesina in its work for food sovereignty, preservation of natural resources,
sustainable agriculture, gender equality, land rights, resistance against
displacements and fair economic relations.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Special mention must be made of the Buen Vivir indigenous
movement in the Andean regions of South and Central America. It questions
conventional assumptions about growth and development and calls for living well
in harmony with the natural environment and within existing resources.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">What is thus needed is a paradigm shift that questions the
global political economy and provides ecological alternatives. Shifting values
will mean pressuring political processes towards the building of societies that
favor equity over growth.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Our civilization is at a crucial crossroad. Addressing the
related health issues will require intense political struggle to face the political
recalcitrance to transformative change by the largest polluters, importantly
TNCs who continue doing business as usual.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Xxx<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria"><b>C2. GENDERED APPROACH
TO REPRODUCTIVE AND SEXUAL HEALTH AND RIGHTS<span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Women’s health is regrettably and persistently relegated to issues
of maternal health and family planning, the latter especially for married
women. Coercion and social inequalities resulting in social hierarchies are deep-rooted
and these continue to grow within and across countries. Add to this, challenges
due to the rise in religious and political fundamentalisms and you get a
picture of how patriarchy is still prevalent. Protection of the bodily
integrity of women and their freedom from violence, as well as their access to
safe abortion also stand threatened.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">While the SDGs call to ‘leave no one behind’ is a worthy
aspirational call, neither are the SDGs targets and indicators exhaustive nor
do they have a true transformative potential.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Sad to say, but public healthcare systems have historically
been at the center of fostering such discriminations and violations of the health
and human rights, not only of women, but also of the other groups with
marginalized sexualities and gender identities. Attention is called upon the specific
needs of LGBT persons.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">Sex workers are even more stigmatized and have difficulty in
accessing healthcare, especially in situations of violence. Sex workers’ access
to institutions of law and order and of justice in situations of violence are
further very limited. Sex workers are organizing though since their access and
quality of healthcare are virtually absent for them. Mind you, sex work is frequently
conflated with human trafficking issues.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Cambria">For all these reasons, there is a need to chart the future
trajectory of activism around sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) afresh.
There is a need to forge alliances and solidarities to resist retrograde steps
that threaten SRHR. Mobilizations for the development of shadow reports by public
interest CSOs to the UN UPR and CEDAW review committees. Countries that have
not signed/ratified some of the international treaties that accord protection
regarding SRHR must become targets of strategic CSOs mobilization.<span></span></p>
</div></div></div></div>