<div dir="ltr"><p class="" id="story_continues_1">Resistance to antibiotics
poses a "major global threat" to public health, says a new report by
the World Health Organization (WHO). </p>
<p>It analysed data from 114 countries and said resistance was happening now "in every region of the world".</p>
<p>It described a "post-antibiotic era", where people die from simple infections that have been treatable for decades. </p>
<p>There were likely to be "devastating" implications unless "significant" action was taken urgently, it added.</p>
<p>The report focused on seven different bacteria responsible
for common serious diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhoea and blood
infections. </p>
<p>It suggested two key antibiotics no longer work in more than half of people being treated in some countries. </p>
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<blockquote><p class="">What we urgently need is a solid global plan of action which provides for the rational use of antibiotics”</p></blockquote>
<span class="">Dr Jennifer Cohn</span>
<span class="">Medecins sans Frontiers</span>
</div> <p id="story_continues_2">One of them - carbapenem - is a
so-called "last-resort" drug used to treat people with life-threatening
infections such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and infections in
newborns, caused by the bacteria K.pneumoniae. </p>
<p>Bacteria naturally mutate to eventually become immune to
antibiotics, but the misuse of these drugs - such as doctors
over-prescribing them and patients failing to finish courses - means it
is happening much faster than expected. </p>
<p>The WHO says more new antibiotics need to be developed, while
governments and individuals should take steps to slow this process.</p>
<p>In its report, it said resistance to antibiotics for E.coli
urinary tract infections had increased from "virtually zero" in the
1980s to being ineffective in more than half of cases today. </p>
<p>In some countries, it said, resistance to antibiotics used to
treat the bacteria "would not work in more than half of people
treated". </p>
<span class="">Gonorrhoea treatment 'failure'</span>
<p>Dr Keiji Fukuda, assistant director-general at WHO, said:
"Without urgent, coordinated action by many stakeholders, the world is
headed for a post-antibiotic era, in which common infections and minor
injuries which have been treatable for decades can once again kill."</p><p>He said effective antibiotics had been one of
the "pillars" to help people live longer, healthier lives, and benefit
from modern medicine. </p>
<p>"Unless we take significant actions to improve efforts to
prevent infections and also change how we produce, prescribe and use
antibiotics, the world will lose more and more of these global public
health goods and the implications will be devastating," Dr Fukuda added.</p>
<p>The report also found last-resort treatment for gonorrhoea, a
sexually-transmitted infection which can cause infertility, had
"failed" in the UK. </p>
<p>It was the same in Austria, Australia, Canada, France, Japan, Norway, South Africa, Slovenia and Sweden, it said.</p>
<p>More than a million people are infected with gonorrhoea across the world every day, the organisation said.</p>
<span class="">'Wake-up call'</span>
<p>The report called for better hygiene, access to clean water,
infection control in healthcare facilities, and vaccination to reduce
the need for antibiotics.</p>
<p>Last year, the chief medical officer for England, Prof Dame Sally Davies, said the rise in drug-resistant infections <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-21178718">was comparable to the threat of global warming</a>. </p>
<p>Dr Jennifer Cohn, medical director of Medecins sans
Frontiers' Access Campaign, said: "We see horrendous rates of antibiotic
resistance wherever we look in our field operations, including children
admitted to nutritional centres in Niger, and people in our surgical
and trauma units in Syria. </p>
<p>"Ultimately, WHO's report should be a wake-up call to
governments to introduce incentives for industry to develop new,
affordable antibiotics that do not rely patents and high prices and are
adapted to the needs of developing countries." </p>
<p>She added: "What we urgently need is a solid global plan of
action which provides for the rational use of antibiotics so
quality-assured antibiotics reach those who need them, but are not
overused or priced beyond reach."</p>
<p>Professor Nigel Brown, president of the UK Society for
General Microbiology, said it was vital microbiologists and other
researchers worked together to develop new approaches to tackle
antimicrobial resistance. </p>
<p>"These approaches will include new antibiotics, but should
also include studies to develop new rapid-diagnostic devices,
fundamental research to understand how microbes become resistant to
drugs, and how human behaviour influences the spread of resistance."</p>
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