<div dir="ltr">From: <b class="gmail_sendername">shila kaur</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:kaur_shila@yahoo.com">kaur_shila@yahoo.com</a>></span> Coordinator<br>Health Action International Asia Pacific (HAIAP)<br>
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<h1>WHO’s first global report on antibiotic resistance reveals
serious, worldwide threat to public health</h1>
<h2>New WHO report provides the most comprehensive picture of
antibiotic resistance to date, with data from 114 countries</h2>
<div>
<div><span>News release</span> </div></div>
<div><i>30 April 2014 | Geneva -</i> <span>A new report by
WHO–its first to look at antimicrobial resistance, including antibiotic
resistance, globally–reveals that this serious threat is no longer a prediction
for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has
the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country. Antibiotic
resistance–when bacteria change so antibiotics no longer work in people who need
them to treat infections–is now a major threat to public health.</span></div>
<div><span>“Without urgent, coordinated action by many stakeholders, the world is
headed for a post-antibiotic era, in which common infections and minor injuries
which have been treatable for decades can once again kill.” “Effective
antibiotics have been one of the pillars allowing us to live longer, live
healthier, and benefit from modern medicine. Unless we take significant actions
to improve efforts to prevent infections and also change how we produce,
prescribe and use antibiotics, the world will lose more and more of these global
public health goods and the implications will be devastating.”</span></div>
<h3>Key findings of the report</h3>
<div><span>The report, "Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance",
notes that resistance is occurring across many different infectious agents but
the report focuses on antibiotic resistance in seven different bacteria
responsible for common, serious diseases such as bloodstream infections
(sepsis), diarrhoea, pneumonia, urinary tract infections and gonorrhoea. The
results are cause for high concern, documenting resistance to antibiotics,
especially “last resort” antibiotics, in all regions of the world.</span></div>
<div><span>Key findings from the report include:</span></div>
<ul>
<li>Resistance to the treatment of last resort for life-threatening infections
caused by a common intestinal bacteria,<i> Klebsiella
pneumoniae</i>–carbapenem antibiotics–has spread to all regions of the world.
<i>K. pneumoniae </i>is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections such as
pneumonia, bloodstream infections, infections in newborns and intensive-care
unit patients. In some countries, because of resistance, carbapenem
antibiotics would not work in more than half of people treated for <i>K.
pneumoniae</i> infections.</li>
<li>Resistance to one of the most widely used antibacterial medicines for the
treatment of urinary tract infections caused by E. coli–fluoroquinolones–is
very widespread. In the 1980s, when these drugs were first introduced,
resistance was virtually zero. Today, there are countries in many parts of the
world where this treatment is now ineffective in more than half of patients.
</li>
<li>Treatment failure to the last resort of treatment for gonorrhoea–third
generation cephalosporins–has been confirmed in Austria, Australia, Canada,
France, Japan, Norway, Slovenia, South Africa, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
More than 1 million people are infected with gonorrhoea around the world every
day.</li>
<li>Antibiotic resistance causes people to be sick for longer and increases
the risk of death. For example, people with MRSA (methicillin-resistant
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) are estimated to be 64% more likely to die than
people with a non-resistant form of the infection. Resistance also increases
the cost of health care with lengthier stays in hospital and more intensive
care required.</li></ul>
<h3>Ways to fight antibiotic resistance</h3>
<div><span>The report reveals that key tools to tackle antibiotic resistance–such
as basic systems to track and monitor the problem–show gaps or do not exist in
many countries. While some countries have taken important steps in addressing
the problem, every country and individual needs to do more.</span></div>
<div><span>Other important actions include preventing infections from happening in
the first place–through better hygiene, access to clean water, infection control
in health-care facilities, and vaccination–to reduce the need for antibiotics.
WHO is also calling attention to the need to develop new diagnostics,
antibiotics and other tools to allow healthcare professionals to stay ahead of
emerging resistance.</span></div>
<div><span>This report is kick-starting a global effort led by WHO to address drug
resistance. This will involve the development of tools and standards and
improved collaboration around the world to track drug resistance, measure its
health and economic impacts, and design targeted solutions.</span></div>
<h3>How to tackle resistance</h3>
<div><span>People can help tackle resistance by:</span></div>
<ul>
<li>using antibiotics only when prescribed by a doctor;</li>
<li>completing the full prescription, even if they feel better;</li>
<li>never sharing antibiotics with others or using leftover
prescriptions.</li></ul>
<div><span>Health workers and pharmacists can help tackle resistance
by:</span></div>
<ul>
<li>enhancing infection prevention and control;</li>
<li>only prescribing and dispensing antibiotics when they are truly
needed;</li>
<li>prescribing and dispensing the right antibiotic(s) to treat the
illness.</li></ul>
<div><span>Policymakers can help tackle resistance by:</span></div>
<ul>
<li>strengthening resistance tracking and laboratory capacity;</li>
<li>regulating and promoting appropriate use of medicines.</li></ul>
<div><span>Policymakers and industry can help tackle resistance by:</span></div>
<ul>
<li>fostering innovation and research and development of new tools;</li>
<li>promoting cooperation and information sharing among all
stakeholders.</li></ul>
<div><span>The report–which also includes information on resistance to medicines
for treating other infections such as HIV, malaria, tuberculosis and
influenza–provides the most comprehensive picture of drug resistance to date,
incorporating data from 114 countries.</span></div>
<h4>For more information contact:</h4>
<div><span>Glenn Thomas<br>WHO, Geneva<br>Communications Officer<br>Telephone: +41
22 791 39 83<br>Mobile.: +41 79 509 06 77 <br>Email:<a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:thomasg@who.int" target="_blank">thomasg@who.int</a></span></div>
<h3>Highlights of the report by WHO region</h3>
<h4>WHO African Region</h4>
<div><span>The report reveals major gaps in tracking of antibiotic resistance in
the WHO African Region, with data gathered in a limited number of countries.
While it is not possible to assess the true extent of the problem with the data
available, that which is available is worrying. Significant resistance is
reported for several bacteria that are spread in hospitals and communities. This
includes significant E. coli resistance to third generation cephalosporins and
fluoroquinolones–two important and commonly used types of antibacterial
medicine. In some parts of the region, as many as 80% of of <i>Staphylococcus
aureus</i> infections are reported to be resistant to methicillin (MRSA),
meaning treatment with standard antibiotics does not work.</span></div>
<h4>WHO Region of the Americas</h4>
<div><span>The Pan American Health Organization, WHO’s Regional Office for the
Americas, coordinates the collection of data on antibiotic resistance from
hospitals and laboratories in 21 countries in the Region. The results show high
levels of <i>E. coli</i> resistance to third generation cephalosporins and
fluoroquinolones–two important and commonly used types of antibacterial
medicine–in the Americas. Resistance to third generation cephalosporins in <i>K.
pneumoniae</i> is also high and widespread. In some settings, as many as 90% of
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infections are reported to be methicillin-resistant
(MRSA), meaning treatment with standard antibiotics does not work.</span></div>
<h4>WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region</h4>
<div><span>Data in the report show extensive antibiotic resistance across the WHO
Eastern Mediterranean Region. In particular, there are high levels of <i>E.
coli</i> resistance to third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones–two
important and commonly used types of antibacterial medicine. Resistance to third
generation cephalosporins in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> is also high and widespread.
In some parts of the Region, more than half of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
infections are reported to be methicillin-resistant (MRSA), meaning that
treatment with standard antibiotics does not work. The report reveals major gaps
in tracking of antibiotic resistance in the Region. WHO’s Regional Office for
the Eastern Mediterranean has identified strategic actions to contain drug
resistance and is supporting countries to develop comprehensive national
policies, strategies and plans.</span></div>
<h4>WHO European Region</h4>
<div><span>The report reveals high levels of resistance to third generation
cephalosporins in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> throughout the WHO European Region. In
some settings, as many as 60% of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infections are
reported to be methicillin-resistant (MRSA), meaning that treatment with
standard antibiotics does not work. The report finds that although most
countries in the EU have well-established national and international systems for
tracking antibiotic resistance, countries in other parts of the Region urgently
need to strengthen or establish such systems. WHO’s Regional Office for Europe
and its partners are supporting these countries through the newly-established
Central Asian and Eastern European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance
network (CAESAR). The aim of CAESAR is to set up a network of national systems
to monitor antibiotic resistance in all countries of the WHO European Region for
standardized data collection so that information is comparable.</span></div>
<h4>WHO South-East Asia Region</h4>
<div><span>The available data reveal that antibiotic resistance is a burgeoning
problem in WHO’s South-East Asia Region, which is home to a quarter of the
world’s population. The report’s results show high levels of <i>E. coli</i>
resistance to third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones—two important
and commonly used types of antibacterial medicine–in the Region. Resistance to
third generation cephalosporins in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> is also high and
widespread. In some parts of the Region, more than one quarter of
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infections are reported to be methicillin-resistant
(MRSA), meaning that treatment with standard antibiotics does not work. In 2011,
the health ministers of the Region articulated their commitment to combat drug
resistance through the Jaipur Declaration. Since then, there has been growing
awareness of the need for appropriate tracking of drug resistance, and all
countries have agreed to contribute information to a regional database. Dr
Poonam Khetrapal Singh, WHO Regional Director for South-East Asia, has
identified drug resistance as a priority area of WHO’s work in the
Region.</span></div>
<h4>WHO Western Pacific Region</h4>
<div><span>Collaboration on tracking of antibiotic resistance between countries in
the WHO Western Pacific Region was established in the 1980s, but suffered
setbacks following a series of emergencies in the early 2000s. However, many
countries in the region have long-established national systems for tracking
resistance. Recently, WHO’s Regional Office for the Western Pacific has taken
steps to revive the regional collaboration. The report reveals high levels of<i>
E. coli</i> resistance to fluoroquinolones–an important and commonly used type
of antibacterial medicine–in the Region. Resistance to third generation
cephalosporins in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> is also widespread. In some parts of the
Region, as many as 80% of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infections are reported
to be methicillin-resistant (MRSA), meaning that treatment with standard
antibiotics does not work.</span></div>
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