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<br></pre><pre style="text-align:center"><b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></b><b style><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><br>The World Bank and other International Financial Institutions <br>
must uphold human rights in all activities they support</span></b></pre><pre><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> <br></span><font face="Amnesty Trade Gothic" size="3">[This statement was developed by the Indian Law Resource Center; the <br>
Global Initiative for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; FIAN<br> International; ESCR Net; and <span>Amnesty International</span> to urging the UN <br>Human Rights Council to take concerted and expeditious action to <br>
increase its focus on the human rights impact of international financial
institutions, including multilateral development banks such as the World
Bank, and to elaborate and reinforce their human rights obligations<br> and responsibilities].
</font><br></pre>
<p class="" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%"><span style> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">The decisions, policies and projects promoted by
international financial institutions (IFIs) have significant and often
far-reaching impacts on human rights. While the impacts of these institutions
can be positive - for example, contributing to poverty reduction - too often
the impact is negative, with poor and marginalised individuals and communities
suffering the most negative impacts.<a style href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class=""><span style><span class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> </span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">This is because these institutions
frequently invest in industries, such as energy and resource extraction and
projects, such as large-scale infrastructure development, associated with
environmental damage and human rights abuses, like forced evictions. Also the
projects that they support are frequently carried out in countries that may
face significant challenges in ensuring the effective protection of human
rights</span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%">.</span></p>
<p class="" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></p>
<pre style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style> </span>The organizations submitting this joint statement urge the <br>United Nations Human Rights Council to increase its focus on the <br>
human rights impact of IFIs, including multilateral development banks,<br> such as the World Bank. </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></pre><pre style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></pre>
<p class="" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">While the obligation
for the protection of human rights lies with the state, IFIs and their member
states also have responsibilities to ensure that activities they support do not
cause, or contribute to, human rights abuses by putting in place adequate
safeguards. </span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">Many IFIs regard human rights
as a political issue for states, and refuse to accept that they have, at a
minimum, a responsibility to ensure respect for human rights in the activities
they support. This is despite the fact that many IFIs are established and
controlled by states, which have legal obligations under international and
regional (and, in many cases, national) law to respect, protect and </span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%">fulfill</span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman""> human rights. </span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">The UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights has consistently stated that the obligations of states that are parties
to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
extend to state action as part of inter-governmental organizations, including
international financial institutions. In fact </span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">under
the UN Charter and other instruments such as the ICESCR, states have the
obligation to act individually and jointly to respect and defend human rights,
including through international cooperation and assistance. </span></p>
<pre style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></pre><pre style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style> </span>IFIs are large and powerful organizations, and the harm that <br>
can result from their refusal to meet their human rights responsibilities <br>can be significant. Support provided without taking into account or <br>requiring adequate human rights protections can legitimise and foster <br>
violations by states</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> and abuses by non-state actors.</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> This is an issue <br>
that the UN Human Rights Council must not continue to ignore.</span></pre><pre style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></pre><pre style="text-align:justify">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style> </span>All IFIs should implement human rights due diligence<br> measures, including human rights impact assessments and human <br>
rights safeguard policies, which are consistent with international<br> human rights laws and standards. Due diligence should inform not only<br> project design, but also project implementation and evaluation.<span style> </span><br>
At the same time, IFIs and the activities they support should be <br>carefully monitored to assess their ongoing impact on human rights, <br>as well as the presence of effective procedures for ensuring <br>accountability for human rights violations.</span></pre>
<pre style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></pre><pre style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style> </span>The impact of IFIs on human rights is a matter of global <br>
concern.<span style> </span>In June 2012, during the Rio+20 Conference on Sustainable <br>Development, twenty-one special procedures mandate-holders stressed<br> the need to ensure a unified accountability mechanism at the UN to <br>
monitor progress in achieving the sustainable development goals from <br>a human rights viewpoint.</span><a style href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style><span class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style> </span><span class=""><span style="color:black">Subsequently, i</span></span>n April 2013, four special <br>
procedures mandate-holders asked the World Bank to adopt human <br>rights standards within the review of its Environmental and Social <br>Safeguard Policies.</span><a style href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style><span class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style> </span>Most recently, in June 2013, the Vienna+20 <br>
Conference on Human Rights called upon the UN and its stakeholders <br>to address <span class=""><span style="color:black">the responsibility of international intergovernmental <br>organizations engaged in human rights violations.</span></span></span><a style href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><span style><span class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></pre>
<p class="" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></p>
<pre style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style> </span>Consequently, we are now urging the Human Rights Council <br>to take concerted and expeditious action to elaborate and reinforce the <br>
human rights responsibilities of<span style="color:black"> IFIs.</span><span style> </span>While the role of IFIs has been <br>addressed, to a limited degree, in international documents such as the <br>Millennium Declaration, the Declaration on the Right to Development <br>
and the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, greater focus <br>and clarity is required to ensure that IFIs respect and protect </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">human <br>
rights in their operations </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">and are held accountable when they fail to do<br> so.. </span></pre><pre style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></pre>
<pre style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> <span style> </span>Important work, which can contribute to clarifying the human<br> rights responsibilities of the World Bank and other multilateral <br>
development banks, has already been completed.<span style> </span>For instance, the <br>2011 UN International Law Commission’s “<i style>Draft Articles on <br>Responsibility of International Organizations</i>” confirms that <br>
intergovernmental organizations, such as IFIs, are subjects of <br>international law, and as such they have international law obligations <br>that they must comply with.</span><a style href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style><span class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style> </span>The Draft Articles also point out the<br>
international responsibility of both the organizations and the member <br>states concerned.</span><a style href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style><span class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></pre>
<pre style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></pre><pre style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style> </span>In addition, the 2012 “<i style>Maastricht Principles on <br>
Extraterritorial Obligations of States in the area of Economic, Social <br>and Cultural Rights</i>” articulate the human rights obligations of states <br>when acting jointly through an intergovernmental organization,</span><a style href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style><span class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> as <br>
in the case of IFIs.<span style> </span>These Principles have been endorsed by many<br> international law experts, including current and former members of <br>UN human rights treaty bodies, regional human rights bodies, and<br>
former and current independent experts of the UN Human Rights <br>Council.</span><a style href="#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style><span class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></pre>
<pre style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></pre><pre style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style> </span></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">It is important that the Human Rights Council’s authority <br>
be brought to bear on these issues. The current global discourse around <br>the post-2015 development goals offers an important opportunity to<br> ensure that global governance and sustainable development <br>increasingly incorporate a human rights law perspective. Post-2015<br>
development goals must also take into account the human rights <br>responsibilities of IFIs given their significant impact on development<br> and potential for addressing poverty concerns. Accordingly, we urge <br>that a panel discussion on this issue be held at a future session of the <br>
Council. The focus of the panel should be the connection between <br>IFIs’ activities and their responsibility to ensure that human rights are <br>respected and protected, and the options available to states and to the <br>
Human Rights Council to address violations.<span style> </span>The objective would be<br> to facilitate constructive dialogue on these issues. </span></pre><pre style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></pre>
<p class=""><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Amnesty Trade Gothic Cn","sans-serif""> </span></p>
<div style><br clear="all">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%">
<div style id="ftn1">
<p class="" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:left;line-height:normal" align="left"><a style href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class=""><span style="font-size:8pt"><span style><span class=""><span style="font-size:8pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Calibri">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">
</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">Example: Serbia Gazela and Sava
Bridges projects in Serbia.<span style> </span>Both
projects funded by the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction
and Development<span style="color:black"></span></span></p>
<p class="" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:left;line-height:normal" align="left"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">Sources.
</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-GB">Serbia: Home is more than a roof over your head: Roma
denied adequate housing in Serbia </span><span style="font-size:8pt"><a href="http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/EUR70/001/2011/en"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-GB">http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/EUR70/001/2011/en</span></a></span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"></span></p>
<p class="" style="margin-left:0in"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">Example: Chixoy
Hydroelectric Power Project in Guatemala funded by the World Bank and the
Inter-American Development Bank</span></p>
<p class="" style="margin-left:0in"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">Sources:
Inter-American Court of Human Rights’ ruling in the Rio Negro Massacre (</span><span style="font-size:8pt"><a href="http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_250_ing.pdf"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_250_ing.pdf</span></a></span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">)
& Report assessing project impacts acknowledged by the banks (</span><span style="font-size:8pt"><a href="http://adivima.org.gt/archivos/Informe%20de%20identificacion%20y%20verificacion%20%20aprobado%20-final-.pdf"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">http://adivima.org.gt/archivos/Informe%20de%20identificacion%20y%20verificacion%20%20aprobado%20-final-.pdf</span></a></span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">)
<span class=""><ins cite="mailto:Alessandra%20Masci" datetime="2013-09-11T10:29"></ins></span></span></p>
<p class="" style="margin-left:0in"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times-Roman","serif";color:rgb(44,74,122)">See also, Human Rights
Watch, “Abuse-Free Development: How the World Bank Should Safeguard Against
Human Rights Violations”</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></p>
<p class=""><span style="font-size:8pt"> </span></p>
</div>
<div style id="ftn2">
<p class=""><a style href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class=""><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style><span class=""><span style="font-size:8pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> <i style>If Rio+20 Is To Deliver, Accountability Must Be At Its Heart</i>, Open
Letter from Special Proce</span><span style="font-size:8pt">dures
mandate-holders to </span></p>
<p class=""><span style="font-size:8pt">States </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">negotiating the Outcome
Document of</span><span style="font-size:8pt"> the Rio+20 Summit (June 2012),
</span></p>
<p class="" style="text-align:left" align="left"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><a href="http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/OpenLetterRio20.aspx">http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/OpenLetterRio20.aspx</a>.</span></p>
</div>
<div style id="ftn3">
<p class=""><a style href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class=""><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style><span class=""><span style="font-size:8pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> <i style>UN Experts Urge World Bank to Adopt Human Rights Standards on the Eve
of Gathering in Washington</i>, Geneva, April 18, 2013, </span><span style="font-size:8pt"></span></p>
<p class="" style="text-align:left" align="left"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><a href="http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=13248&LangID=E">http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=13248&LangID=E</a>.</span></p>
</div>
<div style id="ftn4">
<p class="" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:left;line-height:normal" align="left"><a style href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class=""><span style="font-size:8pt"><span style><span class=""><span style="font-size:8pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Calibri">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:8pt"> See </span><i style><span style="font-size:8pt" lang="EN-GB">Vienna </span></i><i style><span style="font-size:8pt" lang="EN-GB">+20: A</span></i><i style><span style="font-size:8pt" lang="EN-GB">dvancing the Protection of
Human Rights</span></i><span style="font-size:8pt" lang="EN-GB"> outcome document (available at <a href="http://www.cesr.org/downloads/Vienna20%20Outcome%20Document.pdf"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">http://www.cesr.org/downloads/Vienna20%20Outcome%20Document.pdf</span></a>
) </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-GB">Recommendations on</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-GB"> <i style>The Rule of Law: The Right to an
Effective Remedy for Victims of Human Rights Violations (a) Within the UN
system</i> at p.3</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-GB"></span></p>
</div>
<div style id="ftn5">
<p class="" style="text-align:left" align="left"><a style href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class=""><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style><span class=""><span style="font-size:8pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> U.N. Int’ L. Comm., <i style>2011</i> <i style>Draft
Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations</i>, U.N. Doc.
A/66/10 (2011).</span></p>
</div>
<div style id="ftn6">
<p class=""><a style href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class=""><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style><span class=""><span style="font-size:8pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span><i style><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">Ibid</span></i><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">., Art. 1(1)
(asserting that the “articles apply to the international responsibility of an
international organization for an </span><span style="font-size:8pt"></span></p>
<p class=""><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">internationally wrongful act”).<span style> </span>Art. 1(2) (stating that the articles “also
apply to the international responsibility of a State for an </span><span style="font-size:8pt"></span></p>
<p class="" style="text-align:left" align="left"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">internationally
wrongful act in connection with the conduct of an international organization”).</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></p>
</div>
<div style id="ftn7">
<p class=""><a style href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class=""><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style><span class=""><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">Maastricht Principles on
Extraterritorial Obligations of States in the area of Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights (Febr. 29, 2012), </span><span style="font-size:8pt"></span></p>
<p class="" style="text-align:left" align="left"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><a href="http://www.fian.org/fileadmin/media/publications/2012.02.29_-_Maastricht_Principles_on_Extraterritorial_Obligations.pdf">http://www.fian.org/fileadmin/media/publications/2012.02.29_-_Maastricht_Principles_on_Extraterritorial_Obligations.pdf</a></span></p>
</div>
<div style id="ftn8">
<p class=""><a style href="#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class=""><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style><span class=""><span style="font-size:8pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""> Indian Law Resource
Center, <i style>Principles of International Law
for REDD+: The Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the Legal </i></span><i style><span style="font-size:8pt"></span></i></p>
<p class=""><i style><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">Obligations of REDD+
Actors</span></i><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"">
(May 2012), </span><span style="font-size:8pt"></span></p>
<p class="" style="text-align:left" align="left"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman""><a href="http://www.indianlaw.org/sites/default/files/Indian%20Law%20Resource%20Center_REDD+%20Principles.pdf">http://www.indianlaw.org/sites/default/files/Indian%20Law%20Resource%20Center_REDD+%20Principles.pdf</a>.</span><i style><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(51,51,51);background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% black"> </span></i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";color:rgb(51,51,51)"></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>