From: <b class="gmail_sendername">South Centre</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:south@southcentre.org" target="_blank">south@southcentre.org</a>></span><br><div class="gmail_quote"><br><h1 style="color:#202020;display:block;font-family:Arial;font-size:34px;font-weight:bold;line-height:100%;margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;text-align:left">
South Centre Welcomes WTO Decision on LDCs and TRIPs</h1>
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<b><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica neue,helvetica,sans-serif">South Centre welcomes further extension of LDCs’ transition period in implementing TRIPS Agreement.</span></span></b><br>
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<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica neue,helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12px">The
South Centre welcomes the decision of the TRIPS Council of WTO on 11
June 2013 to allow Least Developed Countries to delay implementation of
the TRIPS Agreement until 1 July 2021. At the end of this period, LDCs
can request further extension.<br>
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The TRIPS Agreement (Art. 66.1) states that in view of the special
needs and requirements of LDCs, their economic, financial and
administrative constraints, and their need for flexibility to create a
viable technological base, LDCs shall not be required to apply the
provisions of the agreement, for a period that can be extended by the
TRIPS Council, upon duly motivated request by an LDC. <br>
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The terms of the 11 June 2013 decision this time are better than the
terms in the previous extension, granted in 2005. This is mainly due to
the determination and skill of the LDC Group, led by Nepal, during the
long negotiations lasting for months, which the LDC Group engaged in
with the major developed country members of the WTO. Developing
countries were fully supportive of the LDC Group request, as were many
civil society groups around the world. However, the LDC Group’s request
was unfortunately not acceptable to many of the developed country
members of the WTO.<br>
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The new extension period is for eight years, starting on 1 July 2013.
This is longer than the seven and a half years transition period
provided in the 2005 decision. It is thus an improvement, though very
slight. It is also significantly below what the LDC Group had asked for
in its formal proposal IP/C/W/583, in which the Group had requested
that the transition period should last so long as the country remains an
LDC. This request was justified, especially since the relevant part
of the TRIPS Agreement (Article 66.1) states that the TRIPS Council <b>shall </b>grant
LDCs further extension of the transition period, upon due request. In
the view of the South Centre, LDCs have a low level of economic and
social development and thus require time to develop a viable
technological base and to experiment with domestic IP legislation before
being obliged to implement the TRIPS Agreement. The economic condition
of LDCs as a group has not improved in the past several years,
especially because of the global financial crisis of 2007-09 and the
global economic slowdown.<br>
<br>
The 11 June 2013 decision has also removed the condition introduced in
the earlier 2005 decision that LDCs cannot roll-back the level of
implementation of the TRIPS agreement that they have already undertaken
in their national legislation. Under this condition, an LDC would not be
able to experiment with IP-legal reforms that are suitable to their
development context. For example, if a LDC introduces a TRIPS-compliant
obligation on IP-protection, it would no longer be able to reduce that
scope of protection, regardless of the fact that the LDC is not required
to implement the TRIPS Agreement. This binding condition actually
denied the policy space given to LDCs in the TRIPS Agreement to refrain
from implementing the Agreement during the transition period.<br>
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This time, the LDC Group rightly insisted that any reference to a “no
roll-back” binding commitment could not be included in the new
decision. The LDC Group position was fully justified. However, some
developed country members insisted on retaining the no roll-back
commitment. As a compromise to the requests of developed countries<b>, </b>the
new decision contains a sentence equivalent to a “best endeavour”, i.e.
that LDCs express their determination to preserve and continue the
progress towards implementation of the TRIPS Agreement". This is not a
binding commitment on LDCs and in no way can this be understood, in
accordance with the interpretation principles applied in WTO, as
preventing LDCs from rolling back IP legislation as required to meet
their particular needs.<br>
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This gain in policy space is reinforced by the sentence immediately
following, that “Nothing in this decision shall prevent least
developed country Members from making full use of the flexibilities
provided by the Agreement to address their needs....” In our view, this
includes the flexibilities contained in Article 66.1 of the TRIPS
Agreement (to not apply provisions of the TRIPS Agreement, other than
Articles 3, 4 and 5), which has now been extended. <br>
<br>
We also welcome paragraph 3 of the Decision, that LDCs have the right
to seek further extensions of the transition period. This reaffirms the
clause in Article 66.1 that the Council shall grant further extensions
of the transition period upon due request by LDCs.<br>
<br>
The 11 June 2013 decision provides assurance that LDCs retain their
policy space and continue to have the full flexibilities intended by
Article 66.1 to overcome their capacity constraints and develop a sound
and viable technological base.<br>
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The best outcome would have been that the LDC Group’s request had been
fully agreed to by the TRIPS Council. Nonetheless, given the
circumstances, the 11 June 2013 decision to extend the transition period
is to be welcomed as it is a gain for the LDCs.<br>
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The 11 June 2013 decision also states that this decision is without
prejudice to the Council’s previous 27 June 2002 decision on "Extension
of the Transition Period under Article 66.1 of the TRIPS Agreement for
LDC Members for Certain Obligations with respect to Pharmaceutical
Products" (IP/C/25). By way of the 2002 decision, LDCs are not required
to provide protection to patents or test data in relation to
pharmaceutical products, until 1 January 2016. Thus, LDCs should
continue to make use of the policy space provided by the 2002 Decision. <br>
<br>
LDCs should now receive full support from UN agencies, the WTO, WHO and
WIPO, in the spirit of the Development Agenda, to make effective use of
the transition period to build their technological base through
technology transfer and capacity building, whilst making full use of the
flexibilities afforded to the LDCs, including the further extension
provided by the TRIPS Council on 11 June 2013.<br>
<br>
Before the expiry of the transition periods, LDCs should again assess
their situation and may request extension in 2016, with respect to
pharmaceutical products, and in 2021 in respect to all provisions of the
TRIPS Agreement.<br>
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This Statement by the South Centre is jointly authored by Martin Khor
(Executive Director), Carlos Correa (Special Advisor, Trade and
Intellectual Property Issues), German Velasquez (Special Advisor, Health
and Development), Viviana Munoz Tellez (Manager, Innovation and Access
to Knowledge Programme) and Nirmalya Syam (Programme Officer, IAKP). <br>
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