<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Jun 6, 2013 at 12:44 AM, Luke Holland <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:lholland@cesr.org" target="_blank">lholland@cesr.org</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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<p><b>Statement: High Level Panel recommendations fall short of the human rights litmus test</b><br><br>This statement can be accessed in pdf format at: <a href="http://www.cesr.org/downloads/cesr_hlp_statement.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.cesr.org/downloads/cesr_hlp_statement.pdf</a><br>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"><br>
The Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015
Development Agenda delivered its report on May 30 amid much expectation. CESR
welcomes the Panel’s clear affirmation that the framework to replace the
Millennium Development Goals in 2015 should be grounded in respect for
universal human rights. However, the fragmented and inconsistent incorporation
of human rights in its proposals, coupled with the prominence given to an
outdated vision of market/business-led development, prevents the report from
meeting its own stated aim of proposing a truly “transformative shift”.<br>
<br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">CESR urges the Secretary General and
UN member states in their coming deliberations to incorporate human rights and
accountability more thoroughly and meaningfully into the vision, purpose and
content of the post-2015 agenda, as well as in its implementation framework.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">There is much to be welcomed in the
High Level Panel´s report. The HLP heeds the widespread call for a universal
framework of goals applicable to all people in all countries, with targets
tailored to national realities and with mechanisms that promote accountability
at every level. It calls for a revolution in data gathering and statistical
systems, which is of particular significance for tracking disparities and the
policy efforts needed to realize human rights.<span>
</span><span> </span>CESR particularly welcomes
the Panel’s affirmation that “new goals and targets need to be grounded in
respect for universal human rights” (p.5), reflecting one of the most prominent
demands emerging from worldwide civil society consultations over the last year.
The human rights to food, education, water and sanitation, and sexual and
reproductive rights, as well as the rights to freedom of expression,
information and association are all referenced in the report, and recognized,
along with access to justice, as central to accountable governance.
Nevertheless, the Panel’s rhetorical referencing of human rights does not carry
through into the report’s operative recommendations and proposals, which fall
short of the type of comprehensive human rights-centered development agenda
being <a href="http://www.cesr.org/downloads/HRsForAllByAllStatement.jun03.pdf" target="_blank">demanded
the world over</a>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">For the new framework of goals,
targets and indicators to meet the human rights litmus test, it must fully
reflect the fundamental human rights principles of universality,
indivisibility, equality, participation, transparency and accountability. It
must also reinforce the duty of states to guarantee at least minimum essential
floors of rights enjoyment, to use the maximum of their available resources to
realize rights progressively for all, and to engage in international
cooperation for this purpose.<span><span></span></span>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">CESR welcomes the Panel’s conclusion that the post-2015
framework “is a universal agenda for which everyone must accept their
responsibility”. While affirming at certain points that the framework must be
grounded in respect for universal human rights, this is undermined by the
assertion that goals should “where possible, be in line with existing
commitments”. This is in clear disaccord with UN members states who agreed at
Rio+20 that any new sustainable development framework should in all instances
be “consistent with international law,” including human rights, humanitarian
and environmental legal standards.<br><br></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">Overall,
the report exhibits a fragmented reading of human rights, at times reinforcing
the outdated notion that civil and political freedoms are more “fundamental”
than economic, social and cultural rights. In particular, the human rights to adequate
health, to social protection and to decent work are undercut by their treatment
as aspirational goals, whose fulfillment is contingent on national
circumstances. While the report takes a welcome “zero target” approach in some
areas, calling for an absolute end to hunger and extreme poverty by 2030, it is
insufficiently ambitious in others, with its targets shying away from upholding
the core human rights duty incumbent upon states to ensure universal minimum floors
of healthcare and social protection. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#222222;background:white" lang="EN-US">Likewise, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">rather than a universal human right, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#222222;background:white" lang="EN-US">decent work </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">(including
workers’ protections and the right to work) is referred to pejoratively as a
“one-size-fits-all” solution, to be substituted by a weakened and dangerously vague
floor of “good jobs.” As well as undercutting international standards, this
approach is also far less ambitious than the ILO/WHO Social Protection Floor
Initiative recommendations, endorsed in the outcome document of the MDG Review
Summit in 2010. Even more worrying, the report’s insistence on “flexibly
regulated labor markets” is an open invitation for further weakening of
under-protected labor rights. In view of the breadth and depth of setbacks in labor
protections over the past 20 years, a human rights vision post-2015 entails smart
but rigorous regulation, and a zero tolerance policy for labor rights abuses
equally as resolute as the zero tolerance shown for extreme poverty, hunger and
corruption.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#141413" lang="EN-US">Global consultations yielded a resounding call for the panel to address
social and economic inequalities, and the systemic discrimination giving rise
to them, in a far-reaching and cross-cutting way. The panel makes the welcome
proposal that any new targets should only be considered achieved if they are
met for all relevant income and social groups. However, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">given the widespread role rising income inequality has
played in causing economic instability and impeding progress on extreme
poverty, it is profoundly disappointing that the report argues against
including commitments to reduce income inequality. Furthermore, gender
equality, although more comprehensively addressed than under the current MDGs,
is still framed in a reductive and instrumental way, and the proposed targets
dimly reflect the range of measures states are already obliged to take to
ensure the equal enjoyment of human rights by women, people with disabilities,
indigenous people and others facing systemic discrimination.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">Human
rights advocates have been particularly insistent that, alongside the
environmental, economic, and social dimensions, a</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#141413" lang="EN-US"> fourth
pillar of sustainable development—</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">accountable
governance—is fundamental to putting in place the right institutions and
effective incentives to translate international political commitments into
lived realities. The report partially reflects this demand by proposing a
stand-alone governance goal, and specific objectives which could help foster
conditions for just
and accountable governance, such as guaranteeing access to information and
holding officials to account for bribery and corruption.<span><span></span></span>
However, the report does little to recognize the role of human rights
mechanisms, particularly at the national level, in strengthening the fabric of
accountable governance. Such mechanisms, whether judicial, quasi-judicial,
administrative, legislative or social, play a critical role in holding officials
and other duty-bearers to account for development achievements and abuses.<a name="13f1940271dd0851__ftnref" title=""><span><span></span></span></a>
The post-2015 framework should seek to strengthen their effectiveness, and make
sure monitoring and accountability synergies are built in.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">Moreover,
the report’s final recommendations do not fully take into account the widening
accountability gaps which have both undermined the current MDGs and severely
fractured trust in institutions of global and corporate governance. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#141413" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#141413" lang="EN-US">On global governance, the report is laudable in naming human
rights and the right to development as principles that should guide a renewed
framework of global partnership. The Panel calls on developed countries to “do
more to put their own house in order”, both by honoring their aid commitments and
also by regulating private finance, reforming trade, cracking down on illicit
capital flows, stemming transnational tax evasion (including by businesses),
returning stolen assets, and promoting sustainable patterns of consumption and
production. It also recognizes the need to make structural changes in the world
economy. But these welcome affirmations are barely made operational in the
proposals, and the</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> common but differentiated duties of all human rights duty-bearers
are not clearly defined.<span style="color:#141413"> While the recommendation
to integrate commitments of global cooperation into each goal is welcome, the
failure to model this approach in the illustrative goals risks opening the door
to the same accountability failures that have beset the current MDG process. The
danger that global commitments will once again be seen as secondary is
heightened by the report’s failure to underline that states have binding
obligations under international human rights law to ensure their bilateral and
multilateral policies contribute to, or at least do not harm, the realization
of human rights beyond their borders.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">The report is also
particularly weak in addressing corporate accountability. Human rights norms
are unequivocal in requiring that governments set up systems which guarantee
the private sector respect human rights universally, irrespective of its
contribution to development. </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#141413" lang="EN-US">In contrast,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> the report gives undue prominence to an outdated vision of
market/business-led </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#141413" lang="EN-US">development. The Panel calls on governments to
“work with business to create a more coherent, transparent and equitable system
for collecting corporate tax, to tighten the enforcement of rules that prohibit
companies from bribing foreign officials, and to prompt their large
multinational corporations to report on the social, environmental, and economic
impact of their activities”. But the report’s concrete proposals seem to assume
this will happen through good intentions alone. The report promotes a woefully
inadequate approach to business regulation, arguing that business should not be
“hamstrung by unnecessarily complicated regulations”. </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">The report also suggests integrated social and environmental
reporting for large businesses, but argues for a voluntary ‘comply or explain’
regime under which companies would either report or explain why they are not
reporting. Lessons from 20 years in the corporate accountability field show
that to be effective, any integrated reporting regime must be mandatory for all
large companies, must include a wide enough scope (ranging from social, human rights
and environmental impacts to the areas of finance and taxation), must be
reviewed by independent experts in partnership with communities affected, and
must be accompanied by clear consequences for conduct which may violate human
rights or undercut sustainable development. The report’s failure to promote
adherence, at the very least, to the UN Guiding Principles on Business and
Human Rights is another missed opportunity. The reference to the potential for
raising domestic revenues through large-scale mineral projects in low-income
countries, without acknowledgement of the need to guard against the harmful
human rights impacts of extractive industries, betrays a view of corporate
activity that is seriously detached from the experiences of communities and
individuals affected by mineral exploitation and environmental harm it brings
in its wake. Meanwhile, the inclusion of a target on people’s security of
tenure to land and property is very welcome, but the concomitant prioritization
of security of tenure for business presents very perverse incentives,
especially in countries where corporate investments in land, water and natural
resources conflict with local communities’ natural resource rights.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">These and other glaring
accountability deficits which have hampered the current MDG process must be
addressed in the design of implementation and monitoring infrastructure for the
new goals. The Panel puts forward three proposals at the international level: a
single locus at the UN for global reporting, a global high level political
forum to review progress, advised by an independent committee, and
regional-level reporting and peer review. These proposals must be considered in
light of the limited effectiveness of the MDG’s voluntary reporting mechanisms,
and good practice models for monitoring, review and accountability which have
emerged in sectors such as women and children´s health should also be taken
into account. While the report makes no mention of the international human
rights monitoring system, these expert and peer review mechanisms can reinforce
the accountability of national governments and supra-state bodies with regard
to the new set of sustainable development commitments, thereby helping to
bridge the transnational accountability gaps.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">The report rightly
recognizes that “the post-2015 agenda must enable every nation to realize its
own hopes and plans” through national planning and review processes. Yet,
instead of re-affirming the imperative of putting people’s participation first,
the HLP report proposes that governments “could receive input from” people in
shaping national development plans (p. 21). Full and meaningful participation
and peoples’ ownership over the development process is a central stepping-stone
of a human rights-centered development framework, and is especially vital in
the design of national plans and targets to domesticate any sustainable
development goals. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">It is also critical that the
framework foster mechanisms of public participation to ensure that resources
for development are generated and deployed fairly and transparently. The Panel
is to be commended for asserting that “we need a transparency revolution, so
citizens can see exactly where and how taxes, aid and revenues from extractive
industries are spent”. Yet the report misses the opportunity to outline other
key fiscal policy arenas particularly needing a boost in public participation
and transparency, such as budgeting, procurement, and other forms of taxation. Further,
people have a right to participate in the full cycle of fiscal policy processes,
not merely to observe from the sidelines.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">CESR acknowledges the efforts by members of the High Level Panel to
integrate human rights language and concerns into its final report. However, a
human rights-centered approach to development requires more than dressing the
same policy prescriptions in the rhetoric of human rights. It requires a truly
transformative set of commitments that can address the accountability
shortfalls and asymmetries of power which perpetuate poverty and inequality,
with ambitious targets and benchmarks of progress aligned with existing human
rights obligations.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US">With these issues in mind, CESR
urges the Secretary General and UN member states in their coming deliberations
to go beyond preambular references to human rights and incorporate human rights
and accountability into the operative content of the post-2015 agenda. Human
rights norms and principles should not be considered an optional extra.
Instead, they represent the pre-existing and universal normative standards
which must underpin all aspects of the agenda, from its guiding vision and
goals, to targets and indicators, and systems of both implementation and
review. Anything less than this risks resulting in yet another round of
unfulfilled promises.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
* This statement can be accessed in pdf format at: <a href="http://www.cesr.org/downloads/cesr_hlp_statement.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.cesr.org/downloads/cesr_hlp_statement.pdf</a><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">
* 'A Matter of Justice', CESR's report on the role human rights must play in the post-2015 framework, can be accessed at: <a href="http://cesr.org/downloads/who_will_be_accountable.pdf" target="_blank">http://cesr.org/downloads/who_will_be_accountable.pdf</a><br>
</p><p class="MsoNormal">* 'Who Will be Accountabile', produced by CESR in collaboration with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, can be accessed at: <a href="http://cesr.org/downloads/who_will_be_accountable.pdf" target="_blank">http://cesr.org/downloads/who_will_be_accountable.pdf</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">* 'Just Governance for the World We Need', coordinated by CESR and GCAP for the Beyond-2015 network, can be downloaded here: <a href="http://cesr.org/downloads/Beyond%202015_Governance_position_paper.pdf?preview=1" target="_blank">http://cesr.org/downloads/Beyond%202015_Governance_position_paper.pdf?preview=1</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">* A joint statement, signed by 42 human rights and development organizations so far, calls of human rights to be fully incorporated into the future development agenda. See: <a href="http://www.cesr.org/article.php?id=1476" target="_blank">http://www.cesr.org/article.php?id=1476</a><br>
</p><p class="MsoNormal">* For more on CESR work on the pòst-2015 development agenda, see:<a href="http://cesr.org/article.php?list=type&type=157" target="_blank">http://cesr.org/article.php?list=type&type=157</a><br>
</p>
<br>-- <br>Luke Holland<br>Researcher/Communications Coordinator<br>Center for Economic and Social Rights<br>Telephone: <a href="tel:%2B1.718.237.9145" value="+17182379145" target="_blank">+1.718.237.9145</a><br><br><br>
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