from EQUINET<br>
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HOW GOLDEN POLICIES LEAD TO MUD DELIVERY – AND HOW SILVER SHOULD BECOME THE NEW GOLD<br>
Dr. Karl Le Roux, Zithulele Hospital, Eastern Cape, South Africa<br>
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There is a general perception amongst academics, government officials,
non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and the South African public at
large that as a country we have good policies, but that we implement
these policies poorly. In fact, one of the fundamental issues
that we need to address as a country is to try to understand why,
despite good policies, adequate amounts of money and more skilled
workers than in most parts of Africa, South Africa performs so badly
(especially in health and education) when compared to other African
countries. The tendency of policy makers is to blame downstream factors,
such as general lack of capacity , “lazy managers” or “obstructive
clinicians”, which to some extent is reflected in the research.<br>
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But my job today is to describe to you what it is like being at the
rural coalface. Though I have loved working in a rural hospital for the
past six years, it has also been one of the toughest periods in my life.
Working in rural medicine is a bit like sitting on a rollercoaster: a
combination of enormous challenge and reward, feeling exhausted and
exasperated and then inspired and invigorated, seeing dignity and
strength in patients, but also sadness and unnecessary suffering and
death. One always feels stretched and one often feels as if one is
hanging on by one’s fingertips. The rural idyll is something that might
be experienced on weekends off, but the reality of the working week is
that on the whole one is extremely busy and constantly rationing care
and doing the best one can with the resources available.<br>
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It therefore might come as no surprise to the reader that at the
coalface “policies” are more often seen as a hindrance than a help to
the delivery of health care. Policies or programmes are often imposed
from above, with no consultation and with little understanding of
realities on the ground. There is usually poor data collection and
feedback, lots of time-consuming and unnecessary paperwork and a focus
on irrelevant aspects of care with the neglect of critical aspects. I
need to make clear that good, realistic and helpful policies are greatly
appreciated by most clinicians working at primary care level, as they
improve care and the health of our patients (for example the new
antiretroviral treatment guidelines).<br>
<br>
But there are also many examples of policies and programmes that aim for
an unrealistic gold standard (with its unnecessary and unhelpful
complexity) and which, as a result, undermine the provision of good
healthcare to as large a population as possible.<br>
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The first example of this is the new Road to Health Booklet. Although an
extremely well-intentioned document, it is completely unrealistic to
expect a busy primary care nurse to use this tool properly. It appears
as if the designers of the document have never set foot in a packed
rural (or township) immunization clinic, or tried to fill in the booklet
with 60 screaming babies requiring injections in the waiting room
outside. A year after it was introduced in our area, we still find that
critical data such as mother’s HIV status and type of
prevention-of-mother to child transmission (PMTCT) treatment provided is
left out, whilst on the old, much simpler Road to Health Card, this was
filled out really well.<br>
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Another example of where aiming for gold results in mud delivery is the
District Health Information System (DHIS), a tool with so many
parameters and different indicators that it is not actually possible to
fill it out correctly unless each clinic has several dedicated data
capturers with computers and technical support. As a result, much of the
data is literally made up (I have seen it happen with my own eyes) and
results in very poor quality data. At a recent meeting in my district,
for example, several clinics had a higher than 120% coverage for measles
vaccination. Yet managers and health planners scratch their heads and
wonder why we get such poor quality data and complain that overloaded
nurses at the coalface must just fill the data sheets out correctly. The
DHIS needs to be simplified drastically, and nurses on the ground must
get regular feedback on certain critical indicators that truly reflect
improved care.<br>
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Many people balk at the idea of not aiming for a “gold standard” at a
policy level – surely we must at least aim for the stars even if this
isn’t really achievable?<br>
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Firstly, I would like to argue that we have ample evidence of how aiming
for gold actually undermines the provision of care at grassroots level,
and that we instead need to focus on simplicity and doing the basics
really well. This would result in the biggest health impact on the
greatest number of people.<br>
Secondly, I think that we need to be cognisant of our limitations in
terms of both human and financial resources in South Africa and
recognise that we do not have the capacity to achieve gold right now,
although it may be possible to aim for gold 20-30 years from now.<br>
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In the health sector we should be working within a framework of clear,
straightforward priorities, aiming for what is achievable (silver?) and
doing the basics extremely well, with simple monitoring and clear
feedback to all healthcare workers.<br>
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I would like to argue that a policy cannot be labelled as “good” unless
it is implementable. We need to recognise that putting policy together
is the beginning of a long process. Policymakers need to be involved in
drawing up implementation strategies, and government must support policy
implementation through adequate finances and capacitating and
empowering managers to manage the changes that will be required when
policy is implemented.<br>
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Let me end with a final plea from the coalface that those of you who
write policy use the following as your guiding principle: good health
policies make things better and easier on the ground and result in
improved patient care.<br>
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Please send feedback or queries on the issues raised in this briefing to the EQUINET secretariat: <a href="mailto:admin@equinetafrica.org" target="_blank">admin@equinetafrica.org</a>.
This oped was featured in a paper for the Public Health Association of
Southern Africa newsletter at le Roux K. How golden policies lead to mud
delivery – and how silver should become the new gold. Newsletter of the
Public Health Association of South Africa. November 15, 2012. ). The
views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily represent
the views of PHASA.<br><br><br>