<html><head></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 9.5px/normal Helvetica; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;">A new historical analysis and lessons !</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 9.5px/normal Helvetica; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><br></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 9.5px/normal Helvetica; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;">Abstract</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 9.5px/normal Times; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font: 9.5px Helvetica">Objective: </span>To identify lessons learned from 30 years of implementing the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (‘the Code’) and identify lessons learned for the regulation of marketing foods and beverages to children. </span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 9.5px/normal Times; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font: 9.5px Helvetica">Design: </span>Historical analysis of 30 years of implementing the Code.</span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 9.5px/normal Times; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font: 9.5px Helvetica">Setting: </span>Latin America and the Caribbean. </span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 9.5px/normal Times; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font: 9.5px Helvetica">Subjects: </span>None. </span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 9.5px/normal Times; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font: 9.5px Helvetica">Results: </span>Legislation to restrict marketing of breast-milk substitutes is necessary but not sufficient; equally important are the promulgation of implementing regula- tions, effective enforcement and public monitoring of compliance. A system of funding for regular monitoring of compliance with legislation should be explicitly developed and funded from the beginning. Economic sanctions, while important, are likely to be less effective than reports that affect a company’s public image negatively. Non-governmental organizations play a critical role in leveraging public opinion and galvanizing consumer pressure to ensure that governments adopt regulations and companies adhere to them. Continual clinical, epidemio- logical and policy research showing the link between marketing and health outcomes and between policy and better health is essential. </span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 9.5px/normal Times; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 18px;"><span style="font: 9.5px Helvetica"><br></span></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 9.5px/normal Times; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Lucida Sans Typewriter'; font-size: medium; "></span></div></body></html>