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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Human Rights Reader 292</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><cite><span style="font-style:normal"> </span></cite></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">WHAT CAN WE DO TO INTENTIONALLY
SHAPE OUR COLLECTIVE DESTINY? </span></b><span style="font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">(part 2 of 2)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">[This and the previous Reader are a summarization of the key messages found
in Global Health Watch 3, PHM’s alternative flagship publication that analyzes
the current world health situation]. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">The future is now</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">22.<b> </b><u>Scenario One</u>: Doctors
love high tech gadgets and treatments; nothing wrong about this love affair.
But high tech treatments drain resources away from the kinds of public health
and medical measures that can improve the health of a much larger number of
people. Therefore, high tech treatments act as a distraction from more
immediate, lower-cost alternatives that more directly address the right to
health of every individual.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">23.
Yes, a poor person may </span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">have a chronic genetic disorder, but being poor was
probably the first disorder that he or she had to deal with. In addition, in
the high tech conundrum, particularly women may find themselves at the
crossroads of science, society, industry and policy, with their lives being
affected, their bodies being claimed by several sectors, and their voices being
heard by none.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">24. Despite the fact that hard commercial realities do not sit comfortably
with researchers’ belief that their work will have genuine medical benefits and
reduce human suffering, the symbiotic relationship between speculative capital,
industry, university and governments has blurred the distinction between
‘public’ and ‘private’. Companies generously fund university departments and
chairs, sponsor professional and patient organizations and support extensive
continuing medical education. They approach supposedly independent academics,
clinicians, and others who are paid handsomely to give product presentations
and, otherwise, to make representations on behalf of the companies. Suffice it
to say, medical publications that come out of these partnerships are, in fact,
‘information laundering operations’.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">25. Technology without democratic social control, and in the hands of
global capital, is a very uncertain bet. The uncertainties regarding the
directions and implications of technological development underline the
importance of health and human rights (HR) activists maintaining a close watchdog
engagement in this field.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">26. <u>Scenario two</u>: Transnational corporations, under the guise of
corporate social responsibility very hardly try to harness the power of the
market in order to achieve what <i>they </i>consider
desirable social outcomes. In reality, they are trying to make corporate
philanthropy pay off, i.e., be cost effective to them. Philanthro-capitalism
presents itself as operating outside of formal political channels, while
actually wielding considerable influence over these channels. Companies
purchase not only political support and favors, but also the services of ‘key
opinion leaders’. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular;color:red"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">What are the main strategies
which health and human rights activists can deploy to drive social change?</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">27. There is no simple way of representing the structures of global
governance that we need to triumph over. For instance, global health governance
encompasses the social determinants of health and health system development. It
is necessary to look at governance from a range of different, but overlapping
perspectives (nation-states, intergovernmental institutions, the corporate
sector, the marketplace, civil society and social movements) and do this based
on knowledge, good information <i>and</i> the
appropriate ideology.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">28. To complicate things further, 21<sup>st</sup> century global
public-private partnerships (GPPPs) have taken up the role of shoring up the
legitimacy of the regime of global governance which, as we know, reproduces
inequality, exclusion and marginalization --all HR issues. GPPPs picture the
widening inequality we live under as ‘unfortunate-but-necessary’. The question
is: Necessary for what?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">29. So, do we have a social movement shaping our collective destiny? I
think you would agree that this is not the case. A social movement is a
collectivity that shares a common set of concerns, understandings and claims
and a sense of shared identity (Pakulski 1991). It is bigger than, but includes
formal organizations.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">30. The emergence of a global middle class with a shared interest in
consumer goods and the good life, as well as with limited loyalties to poorer
people in their own and other countries has detracted from social movement
building. Sad.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">31. The challenge for social movements active in the health and HR front is
to find a balance between continuing to struggle for local and national change
while also building links with global movements that confront the overall flawed
dynamics of Globalization. Health and HR activism thus needs to be informed by
an understanding of the structures, forces and dynamics that shore up the
prevailing system and its regimes still so firmly in command.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">32. The rise of neoliberalism and the related ideologies of individualism
and consumerism have been powerful negative influences on HR and on health over
the last half-century. Neoliberalism has ‘normalized’ inequity and inequalities
and, with its faith in markets and its distrust of government, has discounted a
collective, participative control of our future. In that sense, the People’s
Health Movement (PHM) has little doubts that the negativity of neoliberalism
has contributed to the rise of various religious fundamentalisms. Unfortunately,
the promise of personal salvation through apocalyptic religious fundamentalism is
critically weakening our movement towards a more deliberate control over our
collective destiny.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">33. A more optimistic scenario provides us with a clearer vision of the
kinds of directions that progressive social movements need to work towards.
Activists, including HR activists, will have to mediate the process of change.
The changes needed go beyond behavioral change, which ‘objectifies’ the people
whose behavior will be changed (while rendering invisible the agents who will
‘intervene’ to achieve this). The change needed is collective, as well as
individual and is political, as well as personal. It involves actively
reworking our values and culture, as well as combating mis-information and <u>myths.*
Only practicing differently can we change the world</u>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">*: An
example of a myth here is: Violent conflict in Africa
is much more connected to resource </span><i><span style="font-family:PlantinMTPro-Italic">abundance </span></i><span style="font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">(rich oil and mineral reserves, valuable timber,
diamonds, etc.) than to resource </span><i><span style="font-family:PlantinMTPro-Italic">scarcity</span></i><span style="font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">34. So, one of the take-home messages here is that, despite the global
pressures to further fragment health systems that are widening inequalities
day-in-day-out, it <u>is</u> possible to confront these pressures directly at
the sub-national, national and global levels. It is our strategic opponents,
the merchants of neoliberal ideology, who maintain the expectations and the
narratives that keep the unsustainable and inequitable governance regime
afloat. …and they are by no means permanently entrenched.<span> </span>These merchants, as PHM probably does not
need to remind you, include, among many others, the owners of the media, the
bankers and insurance executives, the executives of transnational corporations,
the elite universities and the private ‘axe-to-grind’ think tanks and philanthropies.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">35. Their delegitimation is a first-stage central strategy for social
movements (leadered by health and HR activists in our case) --being wary though
of the speed with which the ‘regime governors’ can respond and react in terms
of shoring up their challenged legitimacy. Never forget that the delegitimation
of the structural adjustment plans (SAPs) left the World Bank little chance but
to scrap SAPs and replace them by poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs)
that gave the appearance that countries were designing their own SAPs. This
gained the Bank some time …until the PRSPs were rightfully deligitimized by
activists. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">36. Delegitimation is a powerful strategy for health and HR activists, but
must be accompanied by positive, prospective policies and actions towards
institutional reforms which will lock-in any gains that can be achieved from
such delegitimation. Otherwise, the ‘dance of delegitimation’ will proceed <u>one
step forward but (almost) two steps backwards</u>.** </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">**: Remember
the social unrest in Cancun and Vancouver
during crucial WTO meetings. Did it lead to a sustained movement? Not really.
Street protests can only be a start.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"><span> </span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">37. Agreed, anger at injustice is a negative although powerful motivator.
PHM thinks we also need to project alternative and inspiring visions, partly to
assist people to move from passivity into movement activism.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">Strategies and models are indeed inspiring when their underlying logic
makes sense, when they offer practical entry points and when they are seen as
powerful in effecting change.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">38. In this optic, the human rights framework is inspiring. The inspiration
that many people derive from the affirmation that their burdens constitute a
denial of recognized rights provides the drive to put in place these necessary
institutional mechanisms.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">39. Hope and determination are necessary, but not sufficient. We also need
strategy, solidarity, mobilization and activism. Strategy requires an
understanding of the dynamics of historical change and the ways in which intentional
action does foster change. Mobilization requires that we have a clear analysis
of why the world is the way it is plus a plausible vision of how it can be
changed. Activism requires hard work (does PHM not know this…!).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">40. The struggle against environmental destruction and against the abuse of
workers rights is just another illustration of the breadth of the struggle for
health and for HR that PHM has embarked in. This struggle is not solely the
province of people who identify themselves as ‘health activists’. There are
many such parallel movements which are considered as part of a global People’s
Health Movement.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><span style="text-decoration:none"> </span></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">41. So in summary:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">What is our nemesis?</span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">: The resilience of transnational
capitalism that resists the call for a new international economic order.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">What is our roadmap to be?</span></u><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:PlantinMTPro-Regular">: Policy
critique and placing and following up on active demands are central strategies
of the social movements for change.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><span style="text-decoration:none"> </span></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Claudio Schuftan, Ho Ch
Minh City</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><a href="mailto:cschuftan@phmovement.org" target="_blank">cschuftan@phmovement.org</a></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:10.0pt">____________________</span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Summarized and adapted from </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Global Health Watch 3, An Alternative World Health Report. People’s Health
Movement, Zed Books, London and New York, October
2011.<span> </span></span><cite><span style="font-style:normal"><a href="http://www.ghwatch.org/ghw3" target="_blank">www.ghwatch.org/ghw3</a></span></cite></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br><cite><span style="font-style:normal"><a href="http://www.ghwatch.org/ghw3" target="_blank"></a></span></cite><cite><b><span style="font-style:normal"></span></b></cite></p>