<div class="gmail_extra">From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Anna Marriott</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:amariott@oxfam.org.uk">amariott@oxfam.org.uk</a>></span><br><div class="gmail_quote"><br><div class="HOEnZb">
<div class="h5">Global Health Check has posted a new item, Malaria, aid and shopkeepers: saving<br>
lives or playing with fire? by Anna Marriott and Dr Mohga Kamal Yanni<br>
<br>
On World Malaria Day there is much to celebrate. Today’s UK Guardian cites<br>
malaria control as ‘one of the most notable achievements of international<br>
aid’. Dramatic reductions in malaria deaths from Ethiopia to Zambia have been<br>
attributed to large scale free prevention, diagnosis and treatment via trained<br>
health workers. But the Global Fund for HIV, TB and Malaria, one of the major<br>
vehicles responsible for delivering these approaches and capable of further<br>
scale up, now faces a severe financial crisis. Meanwhile some donors are making<br>
the choice to invest more precious aid resources into a different unproven and<br>
risky scheme – the Affordable Medicine Facility for malaria (AMFm).<br>
<br>
Recently the UK and Canadian governments as well as UNITAID decided to inject<br>
more funding into AMFm which actively promotes the sale of the only effective<br>
treatment left for malaria (Artemisinin Combination Therapy or ACT) via<br>
unqualified shopkeepers. Not only does this go against WHO guidelines that say<br>
malaria must be diagnosed, it also risks lives because:<br>
<br>
Paying for treatment excludes poor people. Inability to pay for a full course<br>
renders patients vulnerable to buying an incomplete course of treatment or going<br>
without treatment altogether<br>
Using unqualified shopkeepers to deliver medicines creates a real danger of<br>
widespread misdiagnosis and mistreatment. If shopkeepers treat all fevers as<br>
malaria other killer diseases are missed and the already alarming detection of<br>
drug resistance to malaria treatment grows<br>
Even when shopkeepers have access to Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs), poor people<br>
cannot afford to pay for the test and there is no provision to treat people who<br>
test negative for malaria<br>
Last year, uncontrolled ordering by AMFm buyers also threatened to destabilise<br>
the market for Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACTs) and led to a funding gap<br>
in the AMFm of $120m. For example, buyers in Zanzibar, a country where malaria<br>
has almost been eliminated, have ordered over 240,000 treatments when the number<br>
of malaria cases is around 10,000 per year. These cases of unnecessary<br>
over-ordering constitute a massive waste of aid.<br>
<br>
The AMFm experiment presents a great risk of repeating the sad story of<br>
chloroquine – an effective drug rendered useless in Africa because of<br>
resistance. Despite being cheap, poor people could not afford a full treatment<br>
course allowing resistance to develop. A few years ago the first cases of<br>
resistance to ACTs were identified along the Thai-Cambodia border – where<br>
resistance to chloroquine first emerged. Alarmingly, recent research has found<br>
more cases of ACT resistance on the Thai-Burmese border.<br>
<br>
The threat of growing resistance to ACT cannot be taken lightly and containing<br>
it must be a global priority if the world is to avoid losing the battle against<br>
the malaria parasite. As well as specific measures in the regions affected, that<br>
means using aid to scale up proven approaches of diagnosing and treating<br>
patients free of charge via trained community health workers or primary health<br>
care units. Instead, with donor support, UNITAID (the international drug<br>
purchasing facility) has made the recent decision to invest $34 million over 3<br>
years in the sale of RDTs by shopkeepers. The decision could result in RDTs<br>
flooding the private-sector market without prescribers being qualified to use<br>
the tests, without the drugs necessarily there to accompany them, and without<br>
addressing the treatment of those who test negative for malaria.<br>
<br>
Supporting the AMFm is not only a risk to public health it is also a waste of<br>
precious resources. With donors including the UK government ever more focussed<br>
on ‘results’ it makes sense to rethink support for the AMFm and instead<br>
focus limited aid resources on scaling up evidence-based approaches that have<br>
already worked to save so many lives. That means fully financing the Global Fund<br>
to deliver free malaria prevention, diagnosis and treatment by trained health<br>
workers.<br>
<br>
This blog was co-authored by Dr Mohga Kamal-Yanni, Senior Health and HIV Policy<br>
Advisor for Oxfam GB<br>
<br>
To view the latest post or submit comments please visit<br>
<a href="http://www.globalhealthcheck.org/?p=837" target="_blank">http://www.globalhealthcheck.org/?p=837</a><br>
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