From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Alice Fabbri</b> (PHM) <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:alealifab@gmail.com">alealifab@gmail.com</a>></span><br><br><br>Highlights from the second day of the 130th Executive Board<br>
Geneva, 17.01.12<br>Nomination of the Director-General<br>NGOs were not allowed to attend this session.<br>Appointment of the Regional Director for the Eastern Mediterranean<br>At its fifty-eighth session held in Cairo in October 2011, the Regional Committee for the Eastern<br>
Mediterranean nominated Dr Ala Din Alwan as Regional Director for the Eastern Mediterranean.<br>Technical and health matters<br><b>Early marriages, adolescent and young pregnancies </b>(EB document 130/12)<br>Cameroon was the first country who took the floor on behalf of AFRO. It strongly supported the<br>
document, especially the framework on adolescent health services. AFRO urged greater<br>inclusion of youth, improved access to education for all and legislation outlawing marriage before<br>18 years. Cameroon mentioned insufficient sex education, harmful cultural practices, poverty as<br>
the main factors responsible for the high incidence of early marriages and reproductive<br>complications in the region. AFRO also asked to strengthening adolescent health services and<br>reproductive health as well as overcoming cultural barriers.<br>
India proposed a multisectoral approach integrating poverty alleviation, education and<br>adolescent friendly health services by listing the societal effects it has achieved following greater<br>retention of girls in schools (due to the adoption of an education act). France, Germany and the<br>
US considered early marriages a gross violation of fundamental human rights. The US viewed<br>gender violence with concern, especially in the context of adolescent marriages which are<br>largely ignored and wanted to see more concrete links between MDGs 2, 3, 4 and 5 in the<br>
report. Germany highlighted the importance of early sex education saying that this was<br>responsible for its very low incidence of cases.<br>Brunei targeted adolescent pregnancies by utilizing skilled midwives in its primary health care<br>
system. Yemen, among other things, recognized the need to reduce gender stereotypes and<br>urged the UN to intensify efforts that consider early marriage and pregnancy as priorities.<br>Norway, on behalf of the Scandinavian group, and the Netherlands noted that the MDG on<br>
maternal and reproductive health were the worst performing and deplored female genital<br>mutilation. They asked for the inclusion of male youth into programmes and opposed a rising tide<br>of resistance to fundamental human rights on sexual freedoms. The Holy See condemned<br>
gender violence and early marriages but was strongly troubled about provisions in the draft that<br>promote access to so called “emergency contraception” and abortion. According to its view, the<br>Vatican refused to defend any legal recognition of abortion which is considered as an antithesis<br>
of human rights.<br>The UNFPA representative stated that child marriage has historically received little attention<br>quoting a UN report pointing out that marriage before 18 years is a violation of human right. The<br>Special Adviser to DG on Family and Adolescent Matters reminded the EB that the largest cohort<br>
of birth ever seen, tagged the “millennium development babies”, were born a decade ago and<br>are now entering adolescence. She urged commitment to protect this cohort. In conclusion, all<br>regions except the Holy See did not fault the draft, but they urged more integration between<br>
MDGs, youth participation and greater multisectoral approach with emphasis on education,<br>friendly health services and legislation.<br><b>Monitoring of the achievement of the health-related Millennium Development Goals</b><br>
The discussion on this item will be uploaded as soon as possibile.<br>Social determinants of health: outcome of the World Conference on Social Determinants<br>of Health (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, October 2011) (EB document 130/15)<br>
The afternoon discussion went on with Member States comments on EB Document 130/15:<br>“Social determinants of health: outcome of the World Conference on Social Determinants of<br>Health”. While appreciating the report, all Member States congratulated the Secretariat and the<br>
Brazilian Government for the successful conference held in Rio de Janeiro last October.<br>All Member States reaffirmed their commitment and recognized the importance of incorporating<br>Social Determinants of Health (SDH) in all policies through a multi-sectoral approach raising<br>
policy makers awareness on this issue.<br>In particular Mozambique, speaking on behalf of the African Region, highlighted the importance<br>of addressing SDH if countries want to achieve the Millennium Development Goals.<br>
The Norwegian delegate definitely made one of the most comprehensive statement. He<br>mentioned equity as common denominator, he recalled the need for a strong WHO to provide<br>technical support and guide Member States in implementing strategies based on a SDH<br>
approach, and finally proposed to include SDH in non-communicable diseases monitoring.<br>It is important to report that Switzerland proposed to held a High Level Meeting on SDH in 2013.<br>The Swiss delegate also questioned the health sector capacity to effectively engage in true<br>
dialogue with other sectors to develop coherence. As an example, he reported that “in Rio, we<br>seemed to only have health ministries represented. We didn't really have a multi-sectoral<br>approach".<br>The last who took the floor was the civil society with the statement by Medicus Mundi<br>
International (MMI) and People’s Health Movement (PHM). While recognizing that the Rio<br>Conference was an excellent initiative, MMI and PHM stated that the opportunity to purposively<br>build upon the valuable report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health was actually<br>
missed. They urged Member States to consider the following as imperatives while addressing<br>the SDH:<br>1. Building and strengthening of equity-based social protection systems and effective publicly<br>provided and publicly financed health systems.<br>
2. Use of progressive taxation, wealth taxes and the elimination of tax evasion to finance action<br>on the social determinants of health.<br>3. Use of health impact assessments to document the ways in which unregulated and<br>
unaccountable transnational corporations and financial institutions on the one hand, and the<br>global trading regime on the other, constitute barriers to Health for All.<br>4. Reconceptualisation of aid for health as an international obligation and reparation, that is<br>
legitimately owed to developing countries under basic human rights principles.<br>5. Development and adoption of a code of conduct in relation to the management of institutional<br>conflicts of interest in global health decision making.<br>
6. Development of monitoring systems that provide disaggregated data on a range of social<br>stratifiers as they relate to health outcomes.<br>The discussion on the resolution on SDH proposed by Brazil, Chile and Ecuador closed this<br>
session. The main objectives of this resolution would be the endorsement of the Rio Declaration<br>by WHA 65th as well as the inclusion of SDH as a priority in the WHO reform process. Estonia,<br>on behalf of European Union, and Canada requested to shorten the Rio Declaration and build<br>
the resolution on it without going beyond the wording there used.<br>