<br><br>
<h2>UN Summit on non-communicable diseases </h2>
<h2>How to improve the draft Political Declaration</h2>
<p class="textbox">As stated, the draft Political Declaration on the prevention
and control of non-communicable diseases that follows, is developed from the
Zero Draft document at the end of this story, shown as Box 3.</p>
<p class="textbox">Here follow comments and proposals for revisions of the draft
Declaration. Readers who are in support or who are sympathetic should make
their own contributions in the form of proposed track-changed amendments to the
text of the Declaration, in the form shown in the draft below. </p>
<p class="textbox">It is appropriate to preface comments and proposals to the
Declaration with many thanks to the members of the UN Secretariat. They are
doing their best with grossly inadequate human and material resources. They are
also under intense pressure from commercial and other powerful interested
parties whose policies and practices are not in the public interest.</p>
<p class="textbox">Indeed, some of the general and introductory points made are
progressive. These include explicit reference to prevention as being the first
and foremost strategy; to the social, economic and environmental determinants
of disease, health and well-being; to the need for 'whole-government' public
health strategies involving all relevant ministries; to the need for all
non-government actors to be fully and appropriately engaged; and (this is
rather muted) to deepening inequity between and within member states. You will
support the Secretariat by showing in the text that you support these and other
rational and progressive points, and wish them to be stressed. </p>
<p class="textbox">The comments and proposals here summarise those that have been
received or discussed from various organisations and individuals. A substantial
number of them are supportive of comments and proposals made by the <a href="http://www.wphna.org/downloadsaug2011/NCD%20Summit%20NCD%20Alliance%20asks.pdf">NCD
Alliance</a>, or by <a href="http://www.wphna.org/downloadsaug2011/NCD%20Summit%20IASO-IOTF%20asks.pdf">IASO/IOTF</a>,
whose own 'asks' are linked here.</p>
<p class="textbox"><em><b>General points </b></em></p>
<p class="textbox"><em><b>1 Obesity needs to be identified as a
non-communicable disease</b></em><br>
Much of the draft Declaration, and the whole initiative, is so far weakened,
and even vitiated, by obesity not being defined as a disease, as it is by WHO
in its reports and strategies, and in the International Classification of
Diseases. Obesity is not merely a 'risk factor' or 'marker' for other diseases,
it is a pathogenic condition in itself. Rates of obesity, including in
childhood and early life, together with the very closely related disease of diabetes,
now amount to an uncontrolled pandemic. <strong><i>Obesity should be bracketed
with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, relevant respiratory diseases, and
cancer, throughout the Declaration</i></strong></p>
<p class="textbox"><em><b>2 Rational policies require
quantification to become effective actions</b></em><br>
Much of the language in the draft Declaration is appropriate and progressive.
But almost all of it is in general terms, and could have been drafted by bodies
whose interests conflict with those of public health, as 'warm words' –
lip-service. Policies and actions, to be effective, need to be grounded. WHO
has prepared a document including time-based targets but this is not included
or referred to in the <a href="http://www.wphna.org/downloadsaug2011/twg_targets_to_monitor_progress_reducing_ncds.pdf">Declaration</a>.
<em><b>The Declaration, and also further annexed documents that are needed,
need to include quantified time-based goals and targets for relevant dietary
patterns, foods, products and nutrients, and for the prevention, control and
reduction of relevant diseases. These should be expressed in the form of
ranges, to allow for different circumstances, should be made binding by member
states on industry, and should be independently monitored. </b></em></p>
<p class="textbox"><em><b>3 Protection and improvement of
public health always involves the use of law</b></em><br>
There is occasional reference in the draft Declaration to statutory legal and
fiscal regulation of the types used to control use of tobacco and consumption
of alcohol, but only as one possible option to improve food systems and dietary
patterns. This is not a mere option, it is obviously now essential. Subsidies
that make unhealthy foodstuffs and products artificially cheap should be
removed. The advertising and marketing of energy-dense or sugared food and
drink products to children, in the media and at or near school should be
prohibited. <strong><i>All relevant clauses of the Declaration need rephrasing
to make statutory instruments an invariable and integral part of international
and national strategy.</i></strong></p>
<p class="textbox"><em><b>4 The role of conflicted industry
needs to be limited</b></em><br>
In the draft Declaration, the terms 'private sector' and 'industry' require
definition. Examination of the document and experience of other UN processes,
indicate that the terms as used, actually do not refer to industry as a whole,
or even to the food and drink industry as a whole. They evidently refer mainly
to transnational and other very large food and drink processors, distributors
and caterers, whose commercial success currently depends on very heavily
promoted 'fast' or 'convenience' ultra-processed energy-dense, fatty, sugary
and/or salty products, which are damaging to public health. <strong><i>That
part of the food and drink industry whose policies and practices conflict with
the interests of public health should, in the Declaration, and in the whole NCD
Summit process, not be identified as partners in policy formulation, but solely
in policy implementation. </i></strong></p>
<p class="textbox"><em><b>5 Early life exposures are the most
crucial </b></em><br>
Evidence that the pathogenic processes that lead to clinically evident NCDs
begin early in life, including before birth, is now conclusive. This evidence
is underscored by the explosive and uncontrolled rapid increase of childhood
and early life overweight, obesity, and diabetes, since the 1980s in
high-income countries, but which is now pandemic. The NCD Summit therefore has
a unique opportunity to initiate a profoundly important new departure in public
health. <strong><i>All relevant items in the Declaration should be drafted so
as to give the highest priority to early life. Greater stress needs be given to
breastfeeding, the quality of weaning food, the marketing of food to children,
to school meals, and to the nutrition of young women. The Declaration should
emphasise that public authorities have a responsibility to use law in order to
protect the health, welfare and well-being of children and of young women
before and during pregnancy.</i></strong></p>
<p class="textbox"><em><b>More specific points </b></em></p>
<p class="textbox"><em><b>6 Traditional food systems need
emphasis and protection </b></em><br>
Traditional food systems, when these result in secure, adequate and varied
dietary patterns, are generally healthy. They are also appropriate and
beneficial socially and culturally, by their nature are derived from plant and
animal sources that are suited to local climate and terrain, and support local
economies. They are fundamental to the livelihoods of millions of family and
small farmers in lower-income countries. Examples are the traditional diets of China, India,
Thailand, the Mediterranean
basin, Mexico, Central
America, and Brazil.
The draft Declaration mentions indigenous food systems, normally taken to mean
those of First Nations, but not traditional diets. <strong><i>The Declaration
should bracket traditional with indigenous food systems as needing protection
and support, and should give examples as indicated here. </i></strong></p>
<p class="textbox"><em><b>7 Fresh and minimally processed food
needs promotion</b></em><br>
It has been agreed for decades that population health is protected by dietary
patterns made up from meals, dishes and foods that are relatively high in a
variety of whole and minimally processed grains (cereals), legumes (pulses),
vegetables and fruits, and other foods that are rich or good sources of dietary
fibre, essential fats, vitamins, minerals and other bioactive compounds. But
the draft Declaration makes no explicit reference to the nutritional value of
fresh and minimally processed foods. Indeed, it makes no reference to meals and
almost no reference to foods, as distinct from foodstuffs, products, or
nutrients. This creates a curiously reductive, fragmentary and negative
impression. The Declaration certainly should continue to specify that
industrialised dietary patterns are typically too high in trans-fats, sugars
and salt – and also (see below) that they are too energy-dense, too heavily
processed, and too high in alcohol and saturated fats. <strong><i>But initial
and equal emphasis needs to be given in the Declaration to the need for
well-resourced programmes, involving partnerships between all relevant
government departments as well as other actors, that promote the protection,
production, distribution, marketing, sale and consumption of healthy fresh and
minimally processed foods </i></strong></p>
<p class="textbox"><em><b>8 Saturated fats in industrial food
supplies need to be sharply reduced</b></em><br>
For the past 30 and more years, official and other authoritative expert
reports, including those issued by WHO, have emphasised the need for food
supplies and thus diets in industrialised countries to contain sharply reduced
amounts of saturated fats. Supporting evidence for cardiovascular diseases is
generally accepted as beyond serious doubt. There is now some debate in the scientific
literature on this point. Perhaps for this reason, the draft Declaration omits
reference to saturated fats in its suggested 'best buys' (an unfortunate term).
However, it is essential to specify the need to reduce production and
consumption of saturated fats. The way to do this, which acknowledges current
debate, is to specify the need to reduce saturated fats, and in particular
those that are generated in the production of processed foods by hydrogenation
(see below) which also generates trans-fats. <strong><i>In all relevant items,
the Declaration needs to specify the need to reduce the energy-density of
manufactured products, and to restrict and reduce the amount of saturated fats,
as well as trans-fats, sugars and salt, most of all in the manufacture of processed
food and drink products. </i></strong></p>
<p class="textbox"><em><b>9 Pathogenic types of processing need
to be identified and restricted</b></em><br>
Almost all food is processed in some sense, and all the more so if crop and
animal breeding is counted as a type of processing. Many forms of food
processing are directly or indirectly benign in their effects. Some however
degrade food, and some are definitely pathogenic. The very common food process
known to be most malign in its effects is hydrogenation. This converts
relatively unsaturated oils into hard saturated fats, and also creates
trans-fatty acids. The most rational and effective way to reduce the amount of
saturated fats and trans-fats in food supplies is to restrict and where
appropriate prohibit the use of hydrogenation as a food process. <strong><i>The
Declaration should specify in all relevant items that statutory as well as
voluntary measures are required sharply to restrict and preferably eliminate
the use of hydrogenation, and also all other forms of processing that singly or
in combination generate pathogenic 'ultra-processed' products. </i></strong></p>
<p class="textbox"><em><b>10 All forms of malnutrition need to
be addressed</b></em><br>
Inasmuch as non-communicable diseases are caused by unhealthy diets, they are
forms of malnutrition. Conventionally, the term is used to refer to undernutrition,
including deficiencies of dietary energy and of micronutrients, showing as
specific diseases, or hunger and starvation. It is however artificial to
separate these from the non-communicable diseases so far addressed in the
Declaration. Malnutrition showing as obesity, diabetes and other NCDs is
increasingly common among impoverished populations, even in communities and
families that are short of food. It is also crucial that governments in
lower-income countries where infectious and deficiency diseases remain major
and urgent public health priorities, see the need now to give priority to the
additional burdens of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular and respiratory
diseases, and cancer. <strong><i>The phrasing of the Declaration needs revision
of all relevant items to address this crucial point. </i></strong><strong><span style="font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic"></span></strong></p>
<p class="textbox"><strong><span style="font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic">FOR A FULL VERSION THAT GIVES INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW
<u>YOU</u> CAN PARTICIPATE IN THE PROCESS OF AMENDING THE SUMMIT’S POLITICAL DECLARATION, GO TO:</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.wphna.org/2011_aug_hp3_un_summit.htm">http://www.wphna.org/2011_aug_hp3_un_summit.htm</a>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In this URL, you will also find the original text for the Summit proposed by the UN
plus the bracketed version as of changes proposed by nation states as of July
15.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>A MUST LINK TO LOOK
AT IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN NCDs!</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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