
From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:ruglucia@paho.org">ruglucia@paho.org</a>></span><br><div class="gmail_quote">crossposted from: <a href="mailto:EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org">EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org</a><br>

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font color="maroon" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:maroon;font-weight:bold">The Global Social Crisis<u></u><u></u></span></font></b></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font color="maroon" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:maroon;font-weight:bold">Report on the World Social Situation 2011<br>

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</span></font></b><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold">Department of Economic and Social Affairs - ST/ESA/334<u></u><u></u></span></font></b></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">United Nations - <u></u><u></u>New York<u></u><u></u>, 2011<br>

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<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">Available online PDF

[129p.] at: <span><a href="http://bit.ly/jgdUOk" target="_blank"><font color="black"><span style="color:windowtext">http://bit.ly/jgdUOk</span></font></a></span></span><br>

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<u></u><u></u></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">СЕ.The

global economic downturn has had wide-ranging negative social outcomes for

individuals, families, communities and societies, and its impact on social

progress in areas such as education and health will only become fully evident

over time. During times of financial and economic crisis, households often

adopt coping strategies, such as making changes in household expenditure

patterns; however, these can negatively influence education, health and

nutrition outcomes, which may lead to lifelong deficits for the children affected

and thus perpetuate the intergenerational transmission of poverty.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial"><br>

Given the fragility of the economic recovery and the uneven progress in major

economies, social conditions are expected to recover only slowly. The increased

levels of poverty, hunger and unemployment will continue to affect billions of

people for years to come. Meanwhile, austerity measures in response to high

government debt in some advanced economies are also making the recovery more

uncertain and fragileЕ.Ф<br>

<br>

<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial"><u></u>а<u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold">Contents<u></u><u></u></span></font></b></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Overview <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Beyond recovery:

addressing the social crisis<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">The continuing

social crisis<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Addressing the

crisis: the way forward<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Role of Government<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Focus on employment

growth<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Need for social

protection<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Poverty and food

security<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Rethinking social

policy<br>

<br>

<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold">I. The Global Economic Crisis: Causes and Transmission</span></font></b><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Impact, response and

recovery<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">International

response averts deeper recession<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Recovery: tepid,

uneven and uncertain<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Background<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><u></u><u></u><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">United States</span></font><u></u><u></u><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial"> crisis

becomes global<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Trade<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Tourism<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">International "

nance<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Development aid<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Remittances<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Concluding remarks:

bleak prospects for social development<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold">II. The Great Recession and the Jobs Crisis <u></u><u></u></span></font></b></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Employment impacts<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Informal and

vulnerable employment<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Working poor<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Impact of the crisis

on wages and salaries<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Adverse impacts on

demographic and social groups<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Impacts on household

dynamics and human development<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Concluding remarks:

the jobs crisis persists<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold">III. Incomes, Poverty and Well-being <u></u><u></u></span></font></b></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">The context of the

crisis <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Income poverty<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Health<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Education<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Impact of crises on

social indicators<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Evidence from

previous crises<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">! e impact of the

food crisis<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Much depends on the

pace of recovery<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Social integration

and crime<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Concluding remarks:

full impact unfolding<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold">IV. The Global Food Crises <u></u><u></u></span></font></b></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Food prices remain

volatile and high<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Social impacts of

the food crisis<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Underlying causes of

the global food price spike<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Speculation in

commodity futures<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Higher energy prices

and demand for biofuels<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Trade liberalization<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Long-term problems <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Other longer-term

trends<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">U-turn in <u></u><u></u>Washington<u></u><u></u>?<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Concluding remarks:

urgent action needed<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold">V. Crises, Fiscal Space and National Response <u></u><u></u></span></font></b></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Impact on fiscal

space<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Effects on social

spending<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Education spending<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Spending on health

and social protection<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Spending on

infrastructure and agriculture<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Policy responses to

the crisis: an overview<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Social protection

and labour market measures<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Policy responses to

the food crisis<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Concluding remarks:

policy space is crucial<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold">VI. International Responses <u></u><u></u></span></font></b></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Crisis response of

the Group of Twenty<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Responses of the

International Monetary Fund<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Policy responses to

the food crisis<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial">Concluding remarks:

a balance between stimulus and austerity<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">Bibiliography<br>

<br>

<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial"><u></u>а<u></u></span></font></p>


<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span><b><font color="black" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">а</span></font></b></span></p></div></div></div><br>