<div class="gmail_quote">From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Patti Rundall</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:prundall@babymilkaction.org">prundall@babymilkaction.org</a>></span><br><div style="word-wrap:break-word">
<div><br><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/who-takes-on-chronic-disease/2011/04/29/AF0GBEFF_story.html" target="_blank">http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/who-takes-on-chronic-disease/2011/04/29/AF0GBEFF_story.html</a><div>
<br></div><div><h1>WHO takes on chronic disease</h1>
<h3>By Will Englund, <span>Friday, April 29, <span>2:23 PM</span></span></h3><p>
MOSCOW — The World Health Organization focused for decades on infectious
diseases, but now it’s putting non-communicable diseases near the top
of <a href="http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report2010/en/" target="_blank">its agenda</a>. </p><p>The
fight against heart disease, diabetes, stroke, lung cancer and chronic
respiratory disease may not seem as heroic as the struggle against
smallpox or H1N1, but chronic illnesses account for 63 percent of deaths
worldwide — 70 percent in the United States and 90 percent in Russia.</p><p>“And
these are preventable,” said Margaret Chan, director general of WHO, at
a three-day series of meetings here this week devoted to chronic
diseases. “People don’t have to suffer. People don’t have to die.”</p><p>No
tobacco and less sugar, fat and especially salt are WHO’s top targets;
reducing alcohol consumption and increasing exercise are right behind.
Those factors alone account for 25 million of the 36 million deaths
attributable to chronic diseases annually, according to WHO, and place a
huge economic burden on families and nations.</p><p>But a cigarette is
not like a microbe: It can’t be eliminated by a doctor. Fighting chronic
diseases requires political decisions — in areas as disparate as
finance, regulatory policy, agriculture, education and trade — and the
will to see them through.</p><p>New Zealand farmers dumped “mutton
flaps” — fatty cuts they couldn’t sell elsewhere — on Fiji, until Fiji
banned them. U.S. poultry producers marketed turkey tails in Samoa,
before the government there outlawed them. “We have transnational
companies which offload junk food on us,” said Neil Sharma, Fiji’s
health minister.</p><p> The cheapest food is the worst. “All our beggars
are obese,” Sharma said. “We’ve got to commit ourselves and say that’s
not right.”</p><p>
<strong>Industry at the table</strong>
</p><p>Unhealthy food, and what to do about it, was the most sensitive
topic at the gathering here. Representatives of PepsiCo, Coca-Cola and
Nestle joined the discussions after a decision by WHO to allow the big
international food concerns a voice as the organization prepares an
agenda for a U.N. meeting in September. (Tobacco companies were deemed
beyond the pale.) Prime Minister Vladimir Putin talked about the need to
enlist the business community, as did Kathleen Sibelius, the U.S.
secretary of health and human services.</p><p>“Did anybody mention conflict of interest?” said Patti Rundall, policy director for an British group called <a href="http://www.babymilkaction.org/" target="_blank">Baby Milk Action</a>. She and others say they worry that lobbying by companies that are part of the problem will undermine WHO’s efforts.</p>
<p>Janet
Voute, of Nestle, said the companies were unfairly blamed for
consumers’ choices, and Herve Nordmann, chairman of the Industry Council
for Development, a trade group, said that “the overfed are voluntarily
overfed” and urged more research into effective ways to exercise. Still,
the three firms here have joined with seven other big producers to form
an <a href="https://www.ifballiance.org/" target="_blank">alliance</a> that says it is committed to reducing salt, sugar and fat in processed food and restricting advertising aimed at children. </p><p>“Self-imposed voluntary action is a good first step,” Chan said. “Industry needs to earn trust.”</p>
<p>Give
them a chance, Sibelius said in an interview. “The voluntary approach
in the U.S. has begun to yield some pretty impressive results.” </p><p>It’s much quicker, for one thing, than getting legislation passed. But, she added, “there’s definitely a role for regulation.”</p><p>
<strong>U.S. ‘behind the curve’</strong>
</p><p>Tobacco provides a model for that. New York City took regulatory
steps against smoking, said Thomas Frieden, head of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention and formerly New York’s health
commissioner, and <a href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/nycquits/html/home/home.shtml" target="_blank">reduced the number of smokers</a>
by 350,000 over six years. Uruguay has taken even stronger steps, he
said, and cut the number of smokers there by 25 percent in two years.</p><p>Finland
tried to reduce the amount of salt in food by seeking voluntary
commitments from manufacturers, with mild success, said Sirpa
Sarlio-Lahteenkorva, an official in the Finnish Health Ministry. But
when the government required salt labeling, consumption dropped sharply,
she said. The same happened when the government increased taxes on
alcohol. (Finland is the world leader in reducing deaths from
non-communicable disease.)</p><p>The government of Argentina leaned on
the country’s bakeries and, without resorting to formal measures, got
them to reduce by nearly one-third the amount of salt in bread over a
few months, said C. James Hospedales, coordinator for chronic disease at
the <a href="http://new.paho.org/" target="_blank">Pan American Health Organization</a>.
The big transnational companies are moving too slowly, he said, out of
an unfounded fear that they will lose customers. As long as reductions
are done in stages, consumers’ tastes quickly adjust, he and others
said.</p><p>“It would be negligent for any country not to implement a
salt reduction plan,” said Graham MacGregor, a professor at the Wolfson
Institute of Preventive Medicine, in London, who helped lead a publicity
campaign there that persuaded manufacturers of processed food to cut
salt by 30 percent over three years. Cutting that much salt worldwide
would save 2.5 million lives a year, he said.</p><p>Sibelius said the
United States was “late to the table” on non-communicable diseases.
“America’s really behind the curve, compared to some of these countries,
on smoking cessation,” she said. “We’re unfortunately leading the way
on obesity.”</p><p>The chronic nature of these illnesses helps to
dissipate a sense of urgency about addressing them. Yet high blood
pressure kills four times as many people around the world as HIV/AIDS,
Frieden said — and it costs one one-hundredth as much to treat. </p><p>About
90 percent of those younger than 60 who die from a non-communicable
disease are in developing countries, said Ala Alwan, an assistant
director general at WHO. If no action is taken, WHO expects chronic
diseases to increase 15 percent worldwide in the next 10 years, with
much of that coming in Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. He
said WHO hopes to have lower mortality targets in place in time for the
U.N. session in September.</p></div></div></div><br><div>
<span style="border-collapse:separate;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-align:auto;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;font-size:medium"><span style="border-collapse:separate;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;font-size:medium"><div style="word-wrap:break-word">
<span style="border-collapse:separate;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;font-size:medium"><div style="word-wrap:break-word">
<span style="border-collapse:separate;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;font-size:medium"><div style="word-wrap:break-word">
<span style="border-collapse:separate;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;font-size:medium"><div style="word-wrap:break-word">
<span style="border-collapse:separate;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;font-size:medium"><div style="word-wrap:break-word">
<span style="border-collapse:separate;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Helvetica;font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px"><div style="word-wrap:break-word">
<span style="border-collapse:separate;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px"><div style="word-wrap:break-word">
<span style="border-collapse:separate;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px"><div style="word-wrap:break-word">
<div><div><div><div><div align="CENTER"><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></span></div></div></div>