<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; "> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Human Rights Reader 261</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:blue"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">CLAIM HOLDERS HAVE HUMAN RIGHTS ‘INSIDE THEM’. HUMAN
RIGHTS ARE NOT JUST GRACIOUS CONCESSIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.</span></b></p><div><br></div><div> -<font class="Apple-style-span" size="4">We cannot take
scarcity-of-resources as a reply to claim holders’ demands without asking <b><i>why
scarcity</i></b>.</font></div><div><br></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">An individual is seldom
either a duty bearer or a claim holder; </span><span style="font-size:14.0pt">individuals and groups enter
into claim holder and duty bearer <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">roles</i>.
Strictly speaking, it is therefore misleading to talk about a meeting of claim
holders and duty bearers; key actors are to meet to discuss and agree on their respective
roles as claim holders and duty bearers. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:385.5pt"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;
color:blue"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops:385.5pt"><span style="font-size:14.0pt">It matters little whether human rights (HR) are rhetorically endorsed, action needs to materialize... materialize into political action.<span style="color:blue"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4">I say this, because our efforts in HR work can (and have) be(en) subverted by traditional
community norms and rules of patronage that stand in the way of claim holders’ action.
Our work will have to face this challenge creatively and in a culturally
sensitive way. Clientelism (that requires reverence and submissiveness) plays
an important role in this and is in direct conflict with the notion of HR; HR
challenges the dominance of clientelism and of patron-client relationships.</font></span></p></div><div><br></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4">You can access the full Reader at </font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><br>
</font></div><div><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><a href="http://www.socialmedicine.org/?p=5228">http://www.socialmedicine.org/?p=5228</a></font></div><div><br></div><div>Claudio </div>