<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:ruglucia@paho.org">ruglucia@paho.org</a>></span><br><div class="gmail_quote">crossposted from: <a href="mailto:EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org">EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org</a><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font size="3" color="maroon" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:maroon;font-weight:bold">Urban HEART: Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold"> </span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold">World Health
Organization, The WHO Centre for HealthDevelopment, Kobe, 2010</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">Available online PDF [48p.] at: <span><a href="http://bit.ly/eJsWak" target="_blank"><font color="black"><span style="color:windowtext">http://bit.ly/eJsWak</span></font></a></span></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">
.The
impact of the urban setting on health and, in particular, inequity in health
has been widely documented. Evidence shows that while, on average, public
services, including health and health service provision, in urban areas may be
better than in rural areas, these averages often mask wide disparities between
more and less disadvantaged populations.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial"><br>
One key factor is the exclusion of the marginalized and vulnerable in public
health planning and response systems (<i><span style="font-style:italic">1</span></i>).
Urban health is influenced by a dynamic interaction between global, national
and subnational policies; within that wider context, city governments and local
communities can play an instrumental role in closing the gap between the better
off and the worse off.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial"><br>
Regardless of the evidence, only a few countries have examined their inter- or
intra-city health inequities, and few do so regularly. Information that shows
the gaps between cities or within the same city is a crucial requirement to
trigger appropriate local actions to promote health equity.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">Evidence should be comprehensive
enough to provide hints on key health determinants, and concise enough to
facilitate policy-making and prioritization of interventions.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">In order to
facilitate the process of proactively addressing health inequities, WHO
collaborated with 17 cities from 10 countries1 in 20082009 to develop
and pilot-test a tool called the Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response
Tool (Urban HEART). Urban HEART guides local policymakers and communities
through a standardized procedure of gathering relevant evidence and planning
effi ciently for appropriate actions to tackle health inequities. </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">This collective effort towards a
common goal has galvanized both city governments and communities to recognize
and take action on health inequities. It is envisaged that cities in varied
contexts can locally adapt and institutionalize Urban HEART, while maintaining
its core concepts and principles.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">The aspiration for closing the
health gap in cities can be met by guiding public health policies through
evidence and in-depth analysis of inequities, using a participatory and
intersectoral approach. Urban HEART provides an opportunity for policymakers
from different sectors, and communities, to cooperate in using evidence to
identify and prioritize interventions for tackling health
inequities
</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">PREFACE </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold">A. CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES </span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">A.1 INEQUITY IN
HEALTH</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">A.2 THREE MAIN APPROACHES TO REDUCE</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">HEALTH INEQUITIES</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">A.3 TACKLING HEALTH
INEQUITIES IN URBAN AREAS</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold">B. INTRODUCING URBAN HEART </span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">B.1 WHAT IS URBAN
HEART?</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">B.2 WHY SHOULD YOU
USE URBAN HEART?</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">B.3 WHAT IS URBAN
HEART EXPECTED TO ACHIEVE?</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">B.4 CORE ELEMENTS OF
URBAN HEART</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold">C. PLANNING URBAN HEART </span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">C.1 PLANNING AND
IMPLEMENTATION CYCLE</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">C.2 URBAN HEART USER
MANUAL</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold">D. ASSESSMENT </span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">D.1 INDICATORS</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">D.2 DATA
PRESENTATION</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold">E. RESPONSE </span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">E.1 IDENTIFYING
PRIORITIES AND RESPONSE STRATEGIES</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">E.2 SELECT RELEVANT
INTERVENTIONS</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold">F. CONCLUSION </span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">ANNEX 1 URBAN HEART
INDICATORS </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial">ANNEX 2 REFERENCES AND USEFUL SOURCES </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Teams in
cities who pilot-tested the tool have been critical in the development of Urban
HEART:</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" color="#ff8d00" face="Arial"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#FF8D00"> </span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Guarulhos
(Brazil)</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" color="#ff8d00" face="Arial"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#FF8D00"> </span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Jakarta,
Denpasar (Indonesia)</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" color="#ff8d00" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#FF8D00"> </span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Tehran</span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">
(Islamic Republic
of Iran)</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" color="#ff8d00" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#FF8D00"> </span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Nakuru (Kenya)</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" color="#ff8d00" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#FF8D00"> </span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">State of Sarawak (Malaysia)</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" color="#ff8d00" face="Arial"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#FF8D00"> </span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Mexico City (Mexico)</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" color="#ff8d00" face="Arial"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#FF8D00"> </span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia)</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" color="#ff8d00" face="Arial"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#FF8D00"> </span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Davao, Naga,
Olongapo, Paranaque, Tacloban, Taguig, Zamboanga (Philippines)</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="1" color="#ff8d00" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#FF8D00"> </span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Colombo</span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"> (Sri Lanka)</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-indent:.5in"><font size="1" color="#ff8d00" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#FF8D00"> </span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Ho Chi Minh City</span></font><font size="1" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"> (Viet Nam)<br>
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</span></font></p>
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