<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:ruglucia@paho.org">ruglucia@paho.org</a>></span><br><div class="gmail_quote">crossposted from: <a href="mailto:EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org">EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org</a><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="3" color="maroon" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:maroon;font-weight:bold">The State of Food
and Agriculture 2010-2011 </span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="3" color="maroon" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:maroon;font-weight:bold">Women in Agriculture -Closing the gender gap for development <br>
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</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Office of Knowledge
Exchange, Research and Extension</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO- Rome, Italy<br>
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</span></font></b><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Available online at: <span><a href="http://bit.ly/hXj1zu" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="color:navy">http://bit.ly/hXj1zu</span></font></a></span></span><b><span style="font-weight:bold"></span></b></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="3" color="maroon" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:maroon;font-weight:bold"><br>
</span></font></b><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">“…..This edition of <i><span style="font-style:italic">The State of Food and Agriculture </span></i>addresses
<i><span style="font-style:italic">Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap
for development</span></i>. The agriculture sector is underperforming in many
developing countries, and one of the key reasons is that women do not have
equal access to the resources and opportunities they need to be more
productive. This report clearly confirms that the Millennium Development Goals
on gender equality (MDG 3) and poverty and food security (MDG 1) are mutually
reinforcing. </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">“……Women make crucial contributions in agriculture
and rural enterprises in all developing country regions, as farmers, workers
and entrepreneurs. Their roles vary across regions but, everywhere, women face gender-specific
constraints that reduce their productivity and limit their contributions to
agricultural production, economic growth and the well-being of their families, communities
and countries.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Women face a serious gender gap in access to productive resources.
Women control less land than men and the land they control is often of poorer
quality and their tenure is insecure. Women own fewer of the working animals
needed in farming.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">They also frequently do not control the income from the typically
small animals they manage. Women farmers are less likely than men to use modern
inputs such as improved seeds, fertilizers, pest control measures and mechanical
tools. They also use less credit and often do not control the credit they
obtain.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Finally, women have less education and less access to extension
services, which make it more difficult to gain access to and use some of the
other resources, such as land, credit and fertilizer. These factors also
prevent women from adopting new technologies as readily as men do. The
constraints women face are often interrelated and need to be addressed
holistically….”<br>
<br>
</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold">Contents </span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold"><br>
PART I - Women in agriculture: closing the gender gap for development </span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><i><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-style:italic">1. The gender gap in agriculture </span></font></i><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Structure
of the report and key messages</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Key
messages of the report </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><i><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-style:italic">2. Women’s work</span></font></i><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Women in
agriculture</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Women in
rural labour markets </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><i><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-style:italic">3. Documenting the gender gap in agriculture </span></font></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Land </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Livestock
</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Farm
labour </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Education</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Information
and extension</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Financial
services</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Technology</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><i><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-style:italic">4. Gains from closing the gender gap </span></font></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Productivity
of male and female farmers</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Production
gains from closing the gender gap </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Other
social and economic benefits of closing the gender gap </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><i><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-style:italic">5. Closing the gender gap in agriculture and rural
employment </span></font></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Closing
the gap in access to land</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Closing
the gap in rural labour markets </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Closing
the financial services gap </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Closing
the gap in social capital through women’s groups </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Closing
the technology gap </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><i><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-style:italic">6. Closing the gender gap for development </span></font></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold">PART II - World food and agriculture in review </span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Trends in
undernourishment</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Food
production, consumption and trade during the crises</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Recent trends
in agricultural prices: a higher price plateau, and greater price volatility</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Conclusions
</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold">PART III - Statistical annex </span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Notes on the Annex tables</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Table A1 Total
population, female share of population and rural share of population in 1980,
1995 and 2010</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Table A2 Female
share of national, rural and urban population aged 15–49, most recent and
earliest observations</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Table A3
Economically active population, female share of economically active population
and agricultural share of economically active women in 1980, 1995 and 2010</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Table A4
Economically active population, agricultural share of economically active
population and female share of economically active in agriculture
in 1980, 1995 and 2010</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Table A5 Share of
households in rural areas that are female-headed, most recent and earliest observations,
and total agricultural holders and female share of agricultural holders, most
recent observation </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Table A6 Share of
adult population with chronic energy deficiency (CED – body mass index less
than 18.5) by sex and share of children underweight by sex, residence and household
wealth quintile, most recent observations </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">References </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Special chapters of The
State of Food and Agriculture<br>
<br>
</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p></div></div></div>