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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font size="3" color="maroon" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:maroon;font-weight:bold">When Do We Know Enough to Recommend Action on the Social
Determinants of Health?</span></font></b><b><font color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold"><br>
<br>
</span></font></b><b><font color="maroon" face="Arial"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:maroon;font-weight:bold"></span></font></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Paula A.
Braveman, , Susan A. Egerter, Steven H. Woolf,  James S. Marks<br>
</span></font><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">From the Department of Family and Community
Medicine, University of California San Francisco (Braveman, Egerter), San
Francisco, California; the Department of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth
University (Woolf), Richmond, Virginia; and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
(Marks), Princeton, New Jersey<br>
<br>
</span></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold">Am J Prev Med 2011;40(1S1):S58–S66 - 2011 American
Journal of Preventive Medicine<br>
<br>
</span></font></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Website: <span><a href="http://bit.ly/gWr6i7" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="color:navy">http://bit.ly/gWr6i7</span></font></a><br>


<br>
</span></span></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">“………..The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Commission to Build a Healthier America was charged to identify strategies
beyond medical care to address health disparities in the U.S. related to social and economic
disadvantage. </span></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Based on insights gained while providing scientifıc support for the
commission’s efforts, this paper presents an overview of major issues
that arise when assessing evidence to inform policies and programs to address
the social determinants of health. While many of the insights are not new, they
have not been widely assimilated within medicine and public health. They have
particular relevance now, given growing awareness of the important health
influences of social factors. </span></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">The discussion presented here is intended to highlight key
considerations for researchers who study social determinants of health and
policymakers whose decisions are shaped by research fındings. Policies should
be based on the best available knowledge, derived from diverse sources and
methods.</span></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">An array
of tools and guidelines is now available to guide the assessment of evidence on
the social determinants of health, building on—and going
beyond—principles fırst articulated in the “<i><span style="font-style:italic">Evidence-Based Medicine</span></i>” movement. </span></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">The
central thesis of the current paper is that the standards for evidence to guide
social policies must be equally rigorous but also more comprehensive than those
traditionally used to inform clinical interventions, because social policies
must deal with upstream factors that affect health through complex causal
pathways over potentially long time periods….”<br>
<br>
</span></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font size="3" color="maroon" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:maroon;font-weight:bold">Broadening the Focus: The Need to Address the
Social Determinants of Health </span></font></b><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><b><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold">American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Volume
40, Issue 1, Supplement 1, January 2011, </span></font></b><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Pages S4-S18</span></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Paula A. Braveman, Susan A. Egerter, Robin E. Mockenhaupt</span></font></p>



<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><br>
Website: <a href="http://bit.ly/i6RG63" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="color:navy">http://bit.ly/i6RG63</span></font></a> </span></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">“…..While ensuring that individuals have access to
appropriate medical care and information about health-promoting behaviors
remains important, effective solutions also will require a broader focus on the
contexts that powerfully shape both health behaviors and health itself. Much
remains to be learned about which strategies are most effective, but current knowledge
is suffıcient to indicate promising directions….”<br>
<br>
</span></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-autospace:none"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Commission publications: </span></font><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><a href="http://www.commissiononhealth.org/Publications.aspx" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span lang="FR" style="color:navy">http://www.commissiononhealth.org/Publications.aspx</span></font></a></span></font><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> <span lang="FR"><br>


<br>
</span></span></font></p>

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