<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">James Boyle</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:jamesbyl@yahoo.com">jamesbyl@yahoo.com</a>></span><br><div class="gmail_quote"><br><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16px; "> </span><br>
<div><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt"><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt"><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt"><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt"><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt"><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt"><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt"><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt"><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt"><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt"><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt"><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt"><div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:times new roman, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt">
<div style="font-family:bookman old style, new york, times, serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:12pt">
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><b><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt">At UN, elites mull Millennium Development Goals. Did the poor weigh in?</span></b> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><b><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt">Talk of the Millennium Development Goals at the UN General Assembly this week’s brought home one very clear fact: Western thinking about development is elite-driven.</span></b> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: serif; ">The Christian Science Monitor</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: serif; ">September 23, 2010</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: serif; ">By Laura Seay</span></p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><b><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Guest blogger and Assistant professor of political science at Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia [<a href="http://morehouse.edu/academics/urbanstudies/index.php?id=6" target="_blank">http://morehouse.edu/academics/urbanstudies/index.php?id=6</a>]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt">I’m headed home from a couple of days at UN Week in New York, where I was fortunate to get to attend several events relating to a review of the Millennium Development Goals. I’ll have a lot more to say about that debate, TEDxChange with the Gates Foundation, the Mashable/92Y Social Good Summit, and the Clinton Global Initiative in the days to come. The summits and meetings are covering a huge range of topics, some of which are being honestly debated and discussed and others of which have been reduced to a series of feel-good talking points backed by questionable statistics and assertions.</span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt">This week’s events brought home one very clear fact for me: Western thinking about development is elite-driven. Almost entirely.</span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt">It’s partly understandable; the primary goal of the Clinton Global Initiative, for example, is getting the rich and powerful to make commitments to save the world in various fashions. While this work is targeted at the poor, their voices are absent in the conversation. While there is a lot of discussion of the need to capture human capital in developing countries, we didn’t hear from anyone who had actually lived the experience of escaping poverty. We didn’t learn how families survive on $1 a day from people who have no choice but to make it work.</span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt">There’s something very discomfiting about sitting in a hotel ballroom full of rich people talking about the best ways to help the world’s poorest people when almost none of the latter are present.</span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt">Don’t get me wrong: I enjoy hobnobbing with influential people as much as anybody.</span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt">I love getting to hear people like Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Grameen Bank founder Muhammad Yunus speak and am still astonished that I got to go. But just as there are limits to what I can tell you about life in central Africa, there are limits to what elites from developing countries can describe about their countries as well.</span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt">Rich and poor, privileged and not – the contrasts are rarely clearer than at events like these, where the presence of the poor is limited to pictures in slide shows while wealthy people hobnob over cocktails and abundant buffets.</span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt">Am I the only one who would rather hear about what life as a poor woman in Ethiopia is like from an actual poor Ethiopian woman? Wouldn’t she give listeners more insight and perspective than yet another celebrity who’s been “touched by Africa” (and it’s always “Africa,” never the specific country) on a two-week trip organized by an NGO and a PR firm?</span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt">Couldn’t leaders of small-scale civil society organizations in Pakistan tell us more about their struggles to provide services, promote democracy, or build peace than the experts who supposedly know them well? Doesn’t a woman who’s managed to find foster families for hundreds of orphans in her Congolese community know more about accomplishing tasks on a shoestring budget than most of us ever will?</span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt">The world’s poorest people aren’t often welcome in these forums. Not really.</span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt">It’s too bad, because ignoring the expertise of the poor – or only considering it when translated by the famous for the masses – hasn’t served them or us very well thus far.</span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt">I don’t know what keeps them out of the discussion – culture, language, visa restrictions, or just being overlooked. What I do know is that talking about development while excluding from the conversation those who need it most is a mistake. We need the voices of those we want to help.</span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt">Badly.</span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"> </span> </p>
<p style="margin-left:49.74pt"><span style="font-family:'serif';color:black;font-size:12pt"><span><a href="http://www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/print/content/view/print/327583" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/print/content/view/print/327583</a></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left:79.5pt"></p>
<p style="margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"></span></font><br></p>
<p style="margin-left:45pt"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><b><span style="color:black">We must hear the unheard for a more stable world</span></b></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="color:black"> </span></b></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black">Financial Times </span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="color:black"> </span></b></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black">April 5 2006</span></font> <font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"></span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"> </span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black">By Carne Ross</span></font> <font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"></span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="color:black"> </span></b></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="color:black"><span>The writer, a former British diplomat, is founder and director of Independent Diplomat, a non-profit diplomatic advisory group [<a href="http://www.independentdiplomat.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.independentdiplomat.org</a>]</span></span></b></font> <font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="color:black"></span></b></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"> </span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black">Powerful and affluent countries usually get their way because they are powerful and affluent. But that is only part of the story. They also dominate international decision-making because the world of diplomacy is skewed in their favour. </span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black">I have seen this diplomatic imbalance from both sides of the table – the strong and the weak – and it serves the interests of neither.</span></font> <font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"></span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"> </span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black">As a British diplomat at the United Nations Security Council up to mid-2002, I had substantial advantages. With reams of telegrams and intelligence reports (I covered the Middle East), I was better briefed than most other diplomats present. Our mission was among the largest at the UN, with squads of diplomats covering every issue. In negotiation, our experienced lawyers could ensure that any textual changes were turned to our benefit. We could consult our capital in real-time without fear of interception: unlike many others around the table, our communications were secure.</span></font> <font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"></span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"> </span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black">Such advantages are available to a handful of the world’s most powerful countries – China, the US, Russia, France, Britain. By no coincidence, their real power (economic and military) is multiplied by this less-r ecognised but nonetheless forceful diplomatic power.</span></font> <font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"></span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"> </span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black">Now working on the other side of the table, with governments such as that of Kosovo or the people of Western Sahara, I see the opposite picture. Perhaps it is no surprise to some that poor and inexperienced governments are at a massive disadvantage in diplomacy. At the World Trade Organisation in Geneva for instance, many poor countries cannot afford to maintain missions, let alone the experts they need to track and influence highly complex trade negotiations. In New York, the numerous smaller UN missions struggle to cover the enormous and proliferating agendas of the UN General Assembly, Security Council and specialised committees with just one or two horribly overworked and under-equipped diplomats.</span></font> <font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"></span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"> </span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black">Often those with most at stake are not even allowed into the room where their affairs are being discussed. In the misnamed “open” or “public” sessions discussing Kosovo at the UN Security Council, for example, Serbia, Russia and even Mauritania can speak, but Kosovo, as it is not a state, cannot. This imbalance of course does not serve those marginalised but nor, paradoxically, does it serve the powerful. </span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"> </span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black">Traditionalists may sneer that it is too difficult or simply too anarchic to open the doors of diplomacy to more participants. But in this era of globalisation, agreements that fail to take into account the interests of all concerned parties are not good or sustainable and, too often, they fall apart. The ultimate effect is a less stable world. If people are ignored, they tend to find ways – sometimes violent – to get heard.</span></font> <font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"></span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"> </span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black">The closed world of international diplomacy must devise ways to hear the unheard. During the years of international sanctions on Iraq, we on the UK (and US) side could have paid more heed to the many aid organisations and informal Iraqi groups who warned us about the damaging impact of sanctions; today Iraq is still paying the price for that indifference. In preparing for the post-invasion political future, planners should have consulted a wider range of groups than Ahmed Chalabi’s Iraqi National Congress or the Kurds, who were wrongly assumed as representative of all of Iraq’s “opposition”. In negotiations on Kosovo’s status, not only should the Kosovo government be given a hearing but so should groups including Kosovo’s Serbs and other minorities, whose interests are not necessarily
represented by Serbia’s government in Belgrade. Greater inclusiveness need not mean chaos: it is not difficult to discern which non-state groups are genuinely representative of legitimate concerns, and which are not.</span></font> <font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"></span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"> </span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black">What can be done? For a start, multilateral bodies such as the UN, European Union and WTO could make their meetings more transparent, posting detailed briefings on agendas and issues under discussion (a new non-government organisation called the Security Council Report is showing how in New York). More public information about key officials would help too, as would more deliberate policies of consultation.</span></font> <font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"></span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"> </span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black">Of course, this is all about power. Governments think that by meeting in secret and excluding dissonant voices they will more easily get what they want – but they often end up with the opposite. To really get your way and sustain it, in diplomacy as in life, you have to include, not exclude. It is harder work at first, but ultimately, the result would be a more stable world.</span></font> <font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"></span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"> </span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"><a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/18dc0c68-c4cd-11da-b7c1-0000779e2340.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none">www.ft.com/cms/s/2/18dc0c68-c4cd-11da-b7c1-0000779e2340.html</span></a></span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><br><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"><a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/18dc0c68-c4cd-11da-b7c1-0000779e2340.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"></span></a></span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="color:black"><a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/18dc0c68-c4cd-11da-b7c1-0000779e2340.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="color:black;text-decoration:none"><br>
</span></a></span></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font style="font-size:12pt" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="color:black"> </span></b></font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-left:45pt"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="arial"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'Times New Roman'" size="4"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><b><br>
</b></span></font></span></font></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>