<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:ruglucia@paho.org">ruglucia@paho.org</a>></span><br><div class="gmail_quote">crossposted from: <a href="mailto:EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org">EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org</a><br>
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<h1 style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="3" color="maroon" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:maroon">Trends in maternal mortality:
1990 to 2008<br>
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</span></font></b></h1>
<h2 style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Estimates developed by
WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank<br>
</span></font></b><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:normal">World Health
Organization, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank – September 2010<br>
<strong><b><font face="Arial"><span style="font-family:Arial;font-weight:normal">ISBN</span></font></b></strong></span></font><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">:</span></font><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:normal"> 978 92
4 150026 5<br>
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</span></font></h2>
<h3 style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:normal">Available
online PDF [55p.] at<span style="text-transform:uppercase">: </span></span></font></b><span><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:normal"><a href="http://bit.ly/9BOg95" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="color:navy">http://bit.ly/9BOg95</span></font></a></span><br>
<br>
</font></span><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:normal"></span></font></h3>
<p style="margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:.5in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">“…..Millennium development goal
(MDG) 5 Target 5A calls for the reduction of maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by
three quarters between 1990 and 2015. It has been a challenge to assess the
extent of progress due to the lack of reliable and accurate maternal mortality
data – particularly in developing-country settings where maternal
mortality is high. As part on going efforts, the WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and the
World Bank revised and improved earlier methods to estimate maternal mortality
in 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2008; and developed methodology to present
trends in maternal mortality from 1990 to 2008 at country, regional, and global
levels.<br>
<br>
</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">This report highlights
the following.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Symbol"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:navy"><span>·<font size="1" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></font></span></span></font><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Ten out
of 87 countries with maternal mortality ratios over 100 in 1990, are on track
with an annual decline of 5.5% between 1990 and 2008. At the other extreme, 30
made insufficient or no progress since 1990. </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Symbol"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:navy"><span>·<font size="1" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></font></span></span></font><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">The
study shows progress in sub-Saharan Africa
where maternal mortality decreased by 26%. </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Symbol"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:navy"><span>·<font size="1" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></font></span></span></font><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">In Asia, the number of maternal deaths is estimated to have dropped
from 315 000 to 139 000 between 1990 and 2008, a 52% decrease. </span></font></p>
<h3 style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><br>
</span></font></b><font color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-family:Arial;color:navy">Methods</span></font></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.25in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/reproductivehealth/publications/monitoring/MMR_technical_report.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="color:navy">Technical report [pdf 2.31Mb]</span></font></a>
</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:1.25in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/reproductivehealth/publications/monitoring/MMR_data_files_pgrms.zip" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="color:navy">Files and programmes [zip 2.19Mb]</span></font></a>
Data and programmes (R and STATA) used for computing the maternal mortality
estimates<br>
<br>
</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold">Content:<br>
1. INTRODUCTION </span></font></b><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"></span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold">2.
MEASURING MATERNAL MORTALITY </span></font></b><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"></span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">2.1 Concepts and
definitions </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">2.2 Measures of maternal
mortality </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">2.3 Approaches for
measuring maternal mortality </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold">3. THE
DEVELOPMENT OF 2008 ESTIMATES OF MATERNAL MORTALITY </span></font></b><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"></span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">3.1 Sources of country
data used for the 2008 estimates </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">3.2 Methods used to estimate
MMR in 2008 according to data source </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">3.3 Calculation of adult
lifetime risk of maternal mortality </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">3.4 Global and regional
estimates </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">3.5 Differences in the
2008 methodology compared with </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:1.0in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">3.6 Differences from other
recent estimates 1</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold">4.
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF 2008 ESTIMATES </span></font></b><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"></span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold">5. IS THE
FIFTH MDG ACHIEVABLE? </span></font></b><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"></span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><b><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy;font-weight:bold"><br>
ANNEXES </span></font></b><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"></span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Annex 1. Estimates of
maternal mortality ratio (MMR, deaths per 100 000 live births), number of
maternal deaths and lifetime risk (2008) 23 </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Annex 2. Map with countries
by category according to their maternal mortality ratio (MMR, deaths per 100
000 live births), 2008 27 </span></font></p>
<p style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="1" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy">Annex 3. Comparison of
1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2008 estimates of maternal mortality ratio (MMR, deaths
per 100 000 live births) by country 28 <br>
Annex 4. Countries with 40% or more decrease in maternal mortality ratio (MMR,
deaths per 100 000 live births) between 1990 and 2008 33<br>
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</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"> </span></font></p></div></div></div>