From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:ruglucia@paho.org">ruglucia@paho.org</a>></span><br><div class="gmail_quote">crossposted from: <a href="mailto:EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org">EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org</a><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="maroon" face="Arial" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; color: maroon; font-weight: bold;">Progress for Children: Achieving the MDGs with
Equity<br>
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</span></font></b><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;"></span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">September 2010<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Available online PDF [92p.] at: </span></font><span><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><a href="http://bit.ly/cWanuI" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="color: navy;">http://bit.ly/cWanuI</span></font></a></span><br>
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</font></span><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"> </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">“…..The many faces of inequity</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Addressing disparities in child survival, development and protection
within countries begins with an examination of the available evidence. This
report assesses three primary factors – poverty, gender and geographic
location of residence that greatly affect a child’s chances of being
registered at birth care and attending school.<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><i><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-style: italic;">Poverty and gender exclusion often intersect with
protection risks, further undermining children’s rights</span></font></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">The most marginalized children are often deprived of their rights
in multiple ways. There is evidence in the pages of this report of disparities
within disparities – for example, gender disparities within the poorest
communities and in rural areas.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">In all developing regions, child mortality is notably higher in the
lowest-income households than in wealthier households.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Children in the poorest quintiles of their societies are nearly three
times as likely to be underweight, and doubly at risk of stunting, as children
from the richest quintiles. They are also much more likely to be excluded from
essential health care services, improved drinking water and sanitation
facilities, and primary and secondary education.</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">For girls, poverty exacerbates the discrimination, exclusion and
neglect they may already face as a result of their gender. This is especially
true when it comes to obtaining an education, so vital to breaking the cycle of
poverty. Despite tremendous strides towards gender parity in primary education
over the past decade, the data confirm that girls and young women in developing
regions remain at a considerable disadvantage in access to education,
particularly at the secondary level……..”</span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">Content<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Introduction </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Underweight </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Stunting </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Breastfeeding and micronutrients </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">MDG 2: Achieve universal primary education</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Primary and secondary education . </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">MDG 3: Promote gender equality and empower women</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Gender parity in primary and secondary education </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">MDG 4: Reduce child mortality</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Under-five mortality </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Immunization . </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">MDG 5: Improve maternal health</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Interventions related to maternal mortality </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Interventions related to reproductive and antenatal health . </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">HIV prevalence .</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Comprehensive, correct knowledge of HIV and AIDS </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Condom use during last higher-risk sex </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Protection and support for children affected by AIDS </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Paediatric HIV treatment . </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Malaria prevention through insecticide-treated nets . </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Other key malaria interventions . </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Malaria: Achieving coverage with equity </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">MDG 7: Ensure environmental sustainability</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Improved drinking water sources </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Improved sanitation facilities . </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">Child protection</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Birth registration </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Child marriage . </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">Statistical tables</span></font></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">MDG 1: </span></font></b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Eradicate
extreme poverty and hunger . </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">MDG 2: </span></font></b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Achieve
universal primary education</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">MDG 3: </span></font></b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Promote
gender equality and empower women </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">MDG 4: </span></font></b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Reduce
child mortality . </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">MDG 5: </span></font></b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Improve
maternal health . </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">MDG 6: </span></font></b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Combat
HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases –HIV and AIDS </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">MDG 6: </span></font></b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Combat
HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases – Malaria </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">MDG 7: </span></font></b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Ensure
environmental sustainability – Drinking water </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">MDG 7: </span></font></b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Ensure
environmental sustainability – Basic sanitation </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">Child protection: </span></font></b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Birth registration </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; font-weight: bold;">Child protection: </span></font></b><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Child marriage </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Data notes </span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Summary indicators<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"> </span></font><br></p></div></div></div><br>