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<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> from <<a href="mailto:Leslie.London@uct.ac.za">Leslie.London@uct.ac.za</a>>, </span></font></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">Lay health workers may have a significant impact on people’s health, a new Cochrane systematic review shows. Lay or community health workers are members of the community who have received some training to promote health or to carry out some health care services but are not healthcare professionals. The new review concludes that lay health workers probably have an impact on breastfeeding, immunisation uptake and tuberculosis treatment results, and may reduce child illness and death. There is now evidence from a wide range of settings to suggest that lay health workers may have beneficial impacts on a range of common health issues in primary and community care.</font></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">After searching for all relevant studies, authors found 82 studies from a number of different settings. In the included studies, lay health workers worked among people in low income areas in wealthy countries, as well as among people living in poor countries. These lay health workers undertook a range of tasks including giving help and advice about issues such as child health, child illnesses, and medicine taking. In some studies, lay health workers also treated people for particular health problems.</font></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">The review shows significant results in areas that could potentially have important impacts on child health and on the achievement of key Millennium Development Goals. In particular, the use of lay health workers, compared to usual healthcare services, probably leads to an increase in the number of women who breastfeed their child and the number of children who have their immunization schedule up to date. The review also indicates that lay health worker programmes may decrease the number of children who suffer from fever, diarrhoea and pneumonia and the number of deaths among children under five. Lay health workers may also increase the number of parents who seek help for their sick child.</font></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">In addition to child health, the review also considers the use of lay health workers to support people receiving treatment for tuberculosis. The review concludes that the use of lay health workers, compared to people helping themselves or going to a clinic, probably leads to an increase in the number of people with tuberculosis who are cured. However, such programmes probably make little or no difference in the number of people who complete preventive treatment for tuberculosis.</font></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">This review is highly relevant to current policy debates internationally, given the growing interest in lay health workers as a way of addressing the human resource crisis in health care in many low- and middle-income countries. It also has implications for strategies to extend services to 'hard to reach' groups and areas in both wealthy and poor countries. Task shifting to lower levels of providers is currently much discussed. The review suggests that lay health workers could be used to deliver a range of maternal and child health services usually delivered by professionals.</font></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">This work was funded by the Research Council of Norway.</font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Contact persons for more information:</font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><a href="mailto:SusanMunabi.Babigumira@nokc.no"><font color="#0000ff" size="3" face="Times New Roman">SusanMunabi.Babigumira@nokc.no</font></a><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></font></font><a href="mailto:karen.daniels@mrc.ac.za"><font color="#0000ff" size="3" face="Times New Roman">karen.daniels@mrc.ac.za</font></a><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">For a summary of the review see: </font><a href="http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD004015/frame.html"><font color="#0000ff" size="3" face="Times New Roman">http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD004015/frame.html</font></a><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">For further information on this programme of work on lay health workers, see: </font><a href="http://www.sintef.no/layvac"><font color="#0000ff" size="3" face="Times New Roman">www.sintef.no/layvac</font></a><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Full reference for the review:</font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Lewin S, Munabi-Babigumira S, Glenton C, Daniels K, Bosch-Capblanch X, van Wyk BE, Odgaard-Jensen J, Johansen M, Aja GN, Zwarenstein M, Scheel IB. Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious diseases. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010.</font></span></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Plain language summary for the review:</b></font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">The effect of lay health workers on mother and child health and infectious diseases</font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">A review of the effect of using lay health workers to improve mother and child health and to help people with infectious diseases was carried out by researchers in The Cochrane Collaboration. After searching for all relevant studies, they found 82 studies. Their findings are summarised below.</font></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">What is a lay health worker?</font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">A lay health worker is a member of the community who has received some training to promote health or to carry out some healthcare services, but is not a healthcare professional. In the studies in this review, lay health workers carried out different tasks. These included giving help and advice about issues such as child health, child illnesses, and medicine taking. In some studies, lay health workers also treated people for particular health problems.</font></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">The studies took place in different settings. In many of the studies, lay health workers worked among people on low incomes in wealthy countries, or among people living in poor countries.</font></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">What the research says</font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">The use of lay health workers, compared to usual healthcare services:</font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">- probably leads to an increase in the number of women who start to breastfeed their child; who breastfeed their child at all; and who feed their child with breastmilk only;</font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">- probably leads to an increase in the number of children who have their immunization schedule up to date;</font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">- may lead to slightly fewer children who suffer from fever, diarrhoea and pneumonia;</font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">- may lead to fewer deaths among children under five;</font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">- may increase the number of parents who seek help for their sick child.</font></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">The use of lay health workers, compared to people helping themselves or going to a clinic:</font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">- probably leads to an increase in the number of people with tuberculosis who are cured;</font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">- probably makes little or no difference in the number of people who complete preventive treatment for</font></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">tuberculosis.</font></font></p>
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