<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p>
<h1 style="MARGIN: auto 0in"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt">Health and Human Rights<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> <font size="1">(</font></span></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><font size="1">simple training materials adapted from PHM South Africa that can be used in your training)</font></span></font></h1>
<h1 style="MARGIN: auto 0in"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="2">1. </font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">What are Human Rights? </span></font></h1>
<h2 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0in 3pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><em>Human rights are: </em></span></h2>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Something we can claim from society </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Claims that are legitimate (not just anything) </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Claims for social needs as well as material resources </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Needs that are fundamental to being human </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Limit what the state CAN and CAN'T do to individuals, groups </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Also, prescribes what the state SHOULD do for us </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">General or universal </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l60 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Codified in law - national / international </font></li>
</ul>
<h1 style="MARGIN: auto 0in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">2. Can rights ever be limited?</font></span></h1>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l61 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Rights can be restricted <b>only</b> if one right interferes with another person or person's right/s </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Certain rights can NEVER be restricted </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Right to a fair trial </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Right to be free of torture </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l42 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Etc </font></li></ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Civil/political rights (freedoms) are indivisible from socio-economic entitlements </font></li>
</ul>
<h1 style="MARGIN: auto 0in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">3. What does it mean to have a right?</font></span></h1>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Rights imply a claim; it is more than charity - the state has an OBLIGATION to enable you to realize your rights </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">With rights go responsibilities </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">You cannot enjoy right of access to health care if (e.g.) clinic is too far </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list .5in"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">For every right </font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">®</span><font face="Times New Roman"> there is a corresponding duty <br>
Usually, it is government that has the duty, but increasingly, private corporations are regarded as having rights responsibilities </font></font></li></ul>
<h1 style="MARGIN: auto 0in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">4. How is government a bona-fide duty bearer?</font></span></h1>
<p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Government has four kinds of human rights obligations:</font></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">To RESPECT your rights by NOT passing laws or having programs that violate your rights </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">To PROTECT your rights from other people who might violate your rights (e.g., an exploitative employer) </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">To take ACTIVE measures to FULFILL your rights - by budgeting implementing programs and passing laws </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">To PROMOTE rights by enabling people to know about how to realize their rights </font></li>
</ul>
<h1 style="MARGIN: auto 0in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">5. Government obligations in line with international human rights law</font></span></h1>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">If governments sign an international treaty, they indicate they agrees with the principle and aim of the treaty, but they are not bound by that treaty </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">If governments ratify an international treaty, they are bound by that treaty and must: </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Pass laws </font></li></ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Budget for implementation </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Put in place programs </font></li>
</ul>
<p><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>that put the treaty into effect.</font></font></p>
<h1 style="MARGIN: auto 0in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">6. Are human rights just for use by lawyers?</font></span></h1>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo31; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">No </font></li></ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Human rights can be used: </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">To hold governments accountable </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">To shape government policies </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Get redress and compensation for people suffering violations </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Create space for Civil Society Mobilization </font></li>
</ul>
<h1 style="MARGIN: auto 0in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">7. What can constitutions say about health as a right?</font></span></h1>
<h2 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0in 3pt 0.5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><em>Broadly speaking, it can talk about 2 kinds of things:</em></span></h2>
<h2 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0in 3pt 0.5in"><em>1. Health care</em></h2>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Access to health services </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Emergency care, etc </font></li>
</ul>
<h2 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0in 3pt 0.5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><em>2. Conditions we need to be healthy.</em></span></h2>
<h1 style="MARGIN: auto 0in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">8. Health Rights Provisions in a Typical Bill of Rights</font></span></h1>
<h2 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0in 3pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><em>It should make reference to different ways in which the right to health should be realized:</em></span></h2>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Access to health care services…(progressively realized) </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo40; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">No-one can be refused emergency treatment </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo41; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Right to Life </font></li></ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo42; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">An Environment not harmful to health </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo43; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Access to sufficient food and water </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo44; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Access to adequate housing </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo45; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Bodily integrity; freedom and security of persons </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l58 level1 lfo46; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Children - basic nutrition & health care services, shelter </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Dignity, equality, non-discrimination </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l54 level1 lfo48; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Access to information </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo49; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Freedom from Torture </font></li>
</ul>
<h1 style="MARGIN: auto 0in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">9. Health as a Human Right – National level </font></span></h1>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo50; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Progressive realization: The State does <b>not</b> have to put in place expensive services it cannot afford, or provide all forms of health care to those who need it, but it must say how it is going to increase its provision of health care over time. </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo51; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Right to Participation and Rights to Information are instrumental for achieving other rights. </font></li>
</ul>
<h1 style="MARGIN: auto 0in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Times New Roman">10. Health as Human Right – International level</font></span></h1>
<p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">The United Nations defines the right to health as follows:</font></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo52; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">The ICESCR speaks of “… the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health…” </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo53; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Health is closely related and dependent on other rights (food, water, housing, work…) illustrating the recognition of the social determinants of health. </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo54; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Not only “timely and appropriate health care” is required for meeting the right to health but also the underlying determinants of health: i.e., all relevant services, facilities and resources, not just health care </font></li>
</ul>
<h2 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0in 3pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><em>11. How do we know if right to health is met?</em></span></h2>
<p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">The United Nations defines the right to health as being measurable in terms of:</font></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo55; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Availability: functioning public facilities, programs, in sufficient quantity </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l51 level1 lfo56; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Access: </font></li></ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo57; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">No discrimination </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo58; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Geographical/physically accessible </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo59; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Affordable </font></li></ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo60; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Information available </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo61; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Acceptability: respect culture, ethics </font></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo62; tab-stops: list .5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Quality: medically appropriate, scientific quality </font></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">xxxxxx</font></p>
<h1 style="MARGIN: auto 0in; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The People’s Health Movement and the <br>“Right to Health Campaign”</span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><font size="3"><b><u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Who is the People’s Health Movement?</span></u></b><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></font></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The People’s Health Movement is a global network of civil society groups, researchers, trade unions, activists and workers involved in health. PHM believes that “<b>The true indicator of the state of a nation is the health of its people</b>”, in that the health of a nation is a reflection of enlightened and equitable social policies, compassionate communities, a caring leadership and a social system based on the indisputable value of human life. </span><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">In short, we are committed to health as a right.</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></font></p>
<p><b><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“Health is a social, economic and political issue and above all a fundamental human right. Inequality, poverty, exploitation, violence and injustice are at the root of ill-health and the deaths of poor and marginalized people.”</span></i></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <u>People’s Charter for Health</u></span></b><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">We are concerned about the single-minded focus on ‘growing the economy’ as the “cure” for all our ills. The time frame for that to benefit our people is too slow. People need food now, clean water now, a place to sleep now and access to health care now. We believe that the economy does not come before the people, rather, economic development should be a tool to benefit the people. </span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">PHM has proposed the launch of a <b>Global Campaign on the Right to Health </b>and local circles are launching this campaign in already 16 countries. For further information on PHM global please go to </span><a href="http://www.phmovement.org/" target="_blank"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><font color="#0000ff">www.phmovement.org</font></span></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p>
<p><font size="3"><b><u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Why Do We Need a Right to Health Campaign?</span></u></b><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></font></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The health of people worldwide and in this country is getting worse. They are burdened with four epidemics of disease including (1) diseases of so called ‘developing’ countries, like childhood diarrhea, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and measles (2) emerging chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and heart disease, (3) a high burden of injuries and violence, and, not least, (4) the HIV/AIDS epidemic, which is a huge problem worldwide.</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p>
<p><font size="3"><b><u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Who Should Be Involved in the Right to Health Campaign?</span></u></b><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></font></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Health and illness are not just the result of healthcare services. They result from policies, both local and global, that affect people’s access to healthy food, clean water, decent sanitation, adequate housing/shelter, steady employment and proper health information. In short, our poor health status is a reflection of a ‘diseased society’, one in which insufficient priority is given to human well-being. </span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Because health is determined by so many factors outside the health services, we need a campaign led by civil society, including many sectors required for the health of communities such as health, water, land, housing, education, labor, etc. In fact, PHM has long been working with NGOs and social movements in other sectors that seek to secure healthier environments, workplaces, and communities. </span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p>
<p><font size="3"><b><u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">What is the Purpose of the Right to Health Campaign?</span></u></b><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></font></p>
<ol type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">To raise awareness worldwide of what constitutes health: not only health services but also the range of basic services and relationships that are the determinants of good health</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">To strengthen civil society organizations and build strong partnerships with trade unions</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">To create a platform for health workers to discuss working conditions and other challenges</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">To enable communities and ordinary people to have a meaningful say in the development, implementation and monitoring of policies. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">To enable local organizations to link with international networks of like-minded health groups, building international solidarity and capacity to advance the right to health.</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">To give meaning to the right to participation by giving people a voice. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">To urge government to create a sustainable health system that gives substance to recent charters and declarations.</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
</ol>
<p><font size="3"><b><u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">What is the “Right to Health”?</span></u></b><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></font></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">As part of many countries’ constitutional commitment to realizing rights, the promotion of the right to health is a key obligation for the state. Health is one of a number of socio-economic rights, all dependent on each other and essential for human well-being and development. Unfortunately, the world over, there is a large gap between the human rights provisions in the constitution and what is happening on the ground. </span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">A campaign that focuses on the right to health will help to identify system failures, secure redress for those unfairly treated, prevent future abuses from taking place and show case positive experiences. We believe a Right to Health campaign can build a health system that helps all people realize their human potential.</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p>
<p><font size="3"><b><u><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">What can the Right to Health Campaign Do?</span></u></b><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></font></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The Right to Health Campaign can draw from the extremely successful campaign in India where public hearings, often in very simple community settings, gave community members the chance to give testimony of their experiences of the health services and of the violation of their right to health. </span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> It can also embark in doing a right to healthcare assessment using the PHM Assessment Guide found in the PHM website (</font><a href="http://www.phmovement.org/"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#0000ff" size="3">www.phmovement.org</font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> following the link to ‘campaigns’).</font></p>
<p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The campaign will be driven by NGOs, with key leaders as patrons, and supplemented with media coverage (radio, print, TV). We will solicit testimony from ordinary beneficiaries who experienced violations of their right to health as well as positive experiences that advance the right to health. Activities can include:</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Hearings & testimonies, both of violations and of positive experiences in realizing the right to health from users of health care, community members, health workers and others.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Carrying out a RTH assessment as per the PHM Guidelines followed by a national workshop to present the findings and.</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Surveys of working conditions, staff morale, motivation and human resource migration. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Materials development on the ‘Right to Health’ in the form of pamphlets, manuals, etc.</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Education regarding the right to health and the broader determinants of health;</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Discussing progress on the Right to Health campaign in each country.</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Research and Analysis – to monitor accountability and significant improvements or lack thereof.</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> We are especially interested in working in the following areas to promote the right to health: </font></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Children, the elderly, the disabled and other vulnerable groups</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Domestic violence</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">HIV/AIDS </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Transport and obstacles for access </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Housing, land rights activism</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Social security</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Environmental issues: garbage collection; safe water and sanitation</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Impact of alcohol on children and communities</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The situation faced by Health Workers themselves and human resources in health</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Right to information.</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> More information from </font><a href="mailto:cschuftan@phmovement.org"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#0000ff" size="3">cschuftan@phmovement.org</font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p>