<div class="gmail_quote">From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:ruglucia@paho.org">ruglucia@paho.org</a>></span><br>crossposted from: <a href="mailto:EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org">EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org</a><br>
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<h2 style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="maroon" size="3"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development<br><br></span></font></b></h2>
<h2 style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">UNDP 2009Human - Development Report - HDRO 5 October 2009 <br><br></span></font></b></h2>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Available online at: <a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2009/" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2009/</span></font></a> <br>
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<h2 style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Language editions: <a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2009/chapters/" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">English</span></font></a> | <a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2009/chapters/francais/" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">French</span></font></a> | <a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2009/chapters/espanol/" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Spanish</span></font></a> | <a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2009/chapters/arabic/" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Arabic</span></font></a> | <a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2009/chapters/chinese/" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Chinese</span></font></a> | <a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2009/chapters/russian/" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Russian</span></font></a> | <a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2009/chapters/portuguese/" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Portuguese</span></font></a><br>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">In 182 countries, uneven progress and inequality in health, wealth and education persist<br>
Disparities in life expectancy can range up to 30 years, says the 2009 Human Development Report<br><br></span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“……—Despite progress in many areas over the last 25 years, the disparities in people’s well-being in rich and poor countries continue to be unacceptably wide, according to the Human Development Index (HDI) released today as part of the 2009 Human Development Report (HDR). This year’s HDI, a summary indicator of people’s well-being—combining measures of life expectancy, literacy, school enrolment and GDP per capita—was calculated for 182 countries and territories, the most extensive coverage ever. …”<br>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Complete report</span></font></a> [3,884 KB] <br>
<a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Summary.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Summary</span></font></a> [739 KB] <br><br><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"></span></b></span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><strong><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">…..Bangkok, 5 October 2009</span></font></b></strong><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">—Allowing for migration—both within and between countries—has the potential to increase people’s freedom and improve the lives of millions around the world…”</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“………We live in a highly mobile world, where migration is not only inevitable but also an important dimension of human development. Nearly one billion—or one out of seven—people are migrants. The Report, Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development, demonstrates that migration can enhance human development for the people who move, for destination communities and for those who remain at home.</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Indeed, migration can raise a person’s income, health and education prospects. Most importantly, being able to decide where to live is a key element of human freedom, according to the Report, which also argues that large gains in human development can be achieved by lowering barriers and other constraints to movement and by improving policies towards those who move. </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">However, migration does not always bring benefits. The extent to which people are able to gain from moving depends greatly on the conditions under which they move. Financial outlays can be relatively high, and movement inevitably involves uncertainty and separation from families. The poor are often constrained by a lack of resources, information and barriers in their new host communities and countries. For too many people movement reflects the repercussions of conflict, natural disaster or severe economic hardship. Some women end up in trafficking networks, lose significant freedoms and suffer physical danger. </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><strong><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Challenging common misconceptions</span></font></b></strong><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The findings in this Report cast new light on some common misconceptions. Most migrants do not cross national borders, but instead move within their own country: 740 million people are internal migrants, almost four times the number of international migrants. Among international migrants, less than 30 percent move from developing to developed countries. For example, only three percent of Africans live outside their country of birth. </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Contrary to commonly held beliefs, migrants typically boost economic output and give more than they take. Detailed investigations show that immigration generally increases employment in host communities, does not crowd out locals from the job market and improves rates of investment in new businesses and initiatives. Overall, the impact of migrants on public finances—both national and local—is relatively small, while there is ample evidence of gains in other areas such as social diversity and the capacity for innovation. </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The authors demonstrate that the gains to people who move can be enormous. Research found that migrants from the poorest countries, on average, experienced a 15-fold increase in income, a doubling of school enrolment rates and a 16-fold reduction in child mortality after moving to a developed country. </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><strong><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Links to development</span></font></b></strong><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">For the countries where migrants are coming from, the Report warns that migration is no substitute for development. However, mobility often brings new ideas, knowledge and resources—to migrants and to origin countries—that can complement and even enhance human and economic development. In many countries, the money sent back by migrants exceeds official aid. </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Migrants’ gains are often shared with their families and communities at home. In many cases this is in the form of cash—remittances—but the families of migrants may benefit in other ways too. These ‘social remittances,’ as they are called, include reductions in fertility, higher school enrolment rates and the empowerment of women.</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The Report also argues that the exodus of highly skilled workers such as doctors, nurses and teachers—a major concern of a number of developing countries that are losing these professionals—is more a symptom rather than a cause of failing public systems.</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">When integrated into wider national development strategies, migration complements broader local and national efforts to reduce poverty and enhance social and economic development. </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><strong><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Taking down barriers</span></font></b></strong><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Overcoming barriers lays out a core package of reforms, six ‘pillars’ that call for: </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Opening existing entry channels for more workers, especially those with low skills; </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Ensuring basic human rights for migrants, from basic services, like education and health care, to the right to vote; </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Lowering the transaction costs of migration; </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Finding collaborative solutions that benefit both destination communities and migrants; </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Easing internal migration; and </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Adding migration as a component for origin countries’ development strategies. <br>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">In terms of international migration, the Report does not advocate wholesale liberalization, since people at destination places have a right to shape their societies; but it argues that there is a strong case for increased access for sectors with a high demand for labour, including for the low-skilled. This is particularly important for developed countries because their populations are ageing—and this may increase the demand for migrant workers. </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Easing access and reducing the cost of official documents are other important steps towards lowering the barriers to legal migration. Rationalizing such “paper walls” will help stem the flow of irregular migrants, the Report argues, as people find it easier and less expensive to use legal channels. </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Overcoming barriers also calls on receiving countries to take steps to end discrimination against migrants. The Report stresses the importance of addressing the concerns of local residents and increasing awareness of migrants’ rights, in addition to working with employers, trade unions and community groups to combat xenophobia. </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Despite the cases of intolerance, research commissioned by UNDP for the Report demonstrates that people in destination countries are generally supportive of further migration when jobs are available, and appreciate the gains—economic, social and cultural—that increased diversity can bring.</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><strong><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Time for action </span></font></b></strong><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The world recession has quickly become a jobs crisis, and a jobs crisis is generally bad news for migrants. In a number of areas, the number of new migrants is down, while some destination countries are taking steps to encourage or compel migrants to leave. But now is the time for action, the Report argues.</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“The recession should be seized as an opportunity to institute a new deal for migrants—one that that will benefit workers at home and abroad while guarding against a protectionist backlash,” says Klugman. “With recovery, many of the same underlying trends that have been driving movement during the past half-century will resurface, attracting more people to move.”</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">People are going to move, and thus Overcoming barriers provides the tools to better manage inevitable human mobility, laying out principles and guidelines for traditional immigration destinations, such as the United States and Europe, and new migration magnets, such as Costa Rica, Morocco and Thailand. The package of reforms put forward in Overcoming barriers depends on a realistic appraisal of economic and social conditions and recognition of public opinion and other political constraints, the Report observes. But, with political courage, they are all feasible…………..”<br>
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<h2 style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><a name="124255df6b825054_maincontent"></a><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">CONTENT: Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development</span></font></b></h2>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_cover.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Cover</span></font></a> [277 KB] </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Contents.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Foreword, Acknowledgments and Contents</span></font></a> [182 KB] </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Overview.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Overview - Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development</span></font></a> [119 KB] </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Chapter1.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Chapter 1 - Freedom and movement: how mobility can foster human development</span></font></a> [393 KB] </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Chapter2.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Chapter 2 - People in motion: who moves where, when and why</span></font></a> [867 KB] </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Chapter3.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Chapter 3 - How movers fare</span></font></a> [701 KB] </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Chapter4.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Chapter 4 - Impacts at origin and destination</span></font></a> [846 KB] </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Chapter5.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Chapter 5 - Policies to enhance human development outcomes</span></font></a> [366 KB] </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="FR" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_NotesBiblio.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span lang="FR" style="COLOR: navy">Notes, Bibliographical notes, Bibliography</span></font></a></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="FR" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> [330 KB] </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Indicators.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Human Development Indicators</span></font></a> [922 KB] </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Readers.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Readers' guide</span></font></a> [390 KB] </span></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Symbol" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><span>·<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></font></span></span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="EN" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_Errata.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">Errata</span></font></a> [70 KB]</span></font></p>
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