<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid"><br><br><br>*Global Goal for Vaccine Quest*<br><br><br>*Lawrence O*. Gostin </blockquote>
<div>University of Sydney and Georgetown University<br><br><br>*<a href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25896462-23289,00.html" target="_blank">http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25896462-23289,00.html</a><br>
<br><br>The rapid global transmission of Influenza (A) H1N1 (swine flu) has<br>sparked a worldwide race to develop an effective vaccine. Finding a<br>technological solution to swine flu will be a major scientific advance,<br>
but vital questions of scarcity and fairness loom large.<br><br>The swine flu vaccine will almost certainly be scarce, with<br>manufacturers unable to meet the huge global demand. Governments face<br>hard choices on how to ethically ration this scarce life-saving<br>
resource. Children and their caretakers should certainly be a high<br>priority for swine flu vaccine because they rapidly spread the infection<br>in day care and school. Yet privileging the elderly would be a mistake<br>because they have contracted the new strain at the lowest rate and<br>
appear to have some immunity.<br><br>Instead, government should assign top priority to the most vulnerable<br>who have died at a disproportionate rate—those who have poor health such<br>as heart disease, asthma, or diabetes. This is also the fairest way to<br>
allocate scarce vaccines because people with multiple health conditions<br>also tend to be the most disadvantaged in society.<br><br>It is vital that government makes allocation decisions fairly and<br>transparently. The public has a right to know which groups will have<br>
priority access and why. One key problem, however, is that the private<br>market is still likely to privilege the rich and politically connected<br>in gaining access. Business culture is geared toward satisfying consumer<br>
demand, so the industry will charge what the market will bear for a<br>scarce, valuable vaccine.<br><br>Rich countries will face scarcity, but they will have much more ample<br>supplies than poor countries. The pressure on governments to protect<br>
their own citizens will be intense during a pandemic. The vaccine<br>industry is likely to supply markets that can afford to pay and in<br>countries where they are located. More than 90% of the world’s capacity<br>to manufacture influenza vaccines is concentrated in Europe and North<br>
America. This leaves poor countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America<br>much more vulnerable as the rich stockpile vaccines.<br><br>Europe, and the United States are spending a fortune on vaccines and<br>antiviral medication, but virtually none of these resources will benefit<br>
poor countries. Serious questions of global social justice arise when<br>wealth, rather than need, becomes the primary allocation criterion. The<br>mal-distribution of vaccines in the face of a global financial crisis<br>
will only widen the already yawning health gaps between the rich and the<br>poor. Rich countries hoarding vaccines is also is a bad public health<br>strategy because it allows the virus to circulate unchecked in highly<br>
populated developing countries.<br><br>Even if it is not politically expedient, justice requires that scarce<br>vaccines go to the most disadvantaged. Equitable access to a vaccine<br>against swine influenza is not merely a moral imperative. It is also<br>
critically necessary to safeguard global health.<br><br></div></div>