<br><span class="gmail_quote">From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Vern Weitzel</b> <<a href="mailto:vern.weitzel@gmail.com">vern.weitzel@gmail.com</a>><br>crossposted from: "[health-vn discussion group]" <a href="mailto:health-vn@anu.edu.au">health-vn@anu.edu.au</a><br>
<br></span><br>Malaria drug-makers ignore WHO ban<br><br>Health agency calls for clampdown on artemisinin monotherapy.<br><br>Declan Butler<br><br>There is a growing risk that malaria parasites will develop resistance to<br>
artemisinin because almost half of both its manufacturers and malaria-affected<br>countries are failing to comply with World Health Organization (WHO) demands to<br>sell it only in combination with other drugs. Artemisinin and its derivatives<br>
are the leading treatments for the disease, being the only antimalarials that<br>have not yet seen widespread resistance in malaria parasites.<br><br>The full scale of the problem is revealed in a soon-to-be-published WHO briefing<br>
seen by Nature, "Stop the marketing of oral artemisinin monotherapies", which<br>calls for governments to empower national drug-regulatory authorities to clamp<br>down on offending companies.<br><br>Treatments that use only artemisinin need to be taken for seven days to kill all<br>
parasites, but patients often stop treatment after a few days when they begin to<br>feel much better. This leaves the remaining parasites in contact with low levels<br>of the drug — a recipe for resistance. The WHO recommended in January 2006 that<br>
artemisinin should always be given in combination with other drugs for at least<br>three days, because a cocktail reduces the chances of resistance. The need to<br>move away from monotherapies has become all the more urgent with recent reports<br>
of resistance arising in Cambodia.<br><br>Although artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) have become the<br>treatment of choice for malaria, with a three-day programme curing more than 95%<br>of patients, monotherapies are cheaper to produce and sell.<br>
<br><br>Of the 69 manufacturers of artemisinin monotherapies that the WHO has<br>identified, 21 have withdrawn monotherapies, and 14 say they intend to comply<br>with the WHO's recommendations. But the remaining 34 have not yet disclosed<br>
their intentions. Many have not even replied to multiple WHO e-mail and fax<br>requests for information, says Andrea Bosman, an official at the WHO's Global<br>Malaria Programme (see <a href="http://tinyurl.com/m4gqmn">http://tinyurl.com/m4gqmn</a>).<br>
<br>Regulatory authorities in just 39 of the 76 countries using malaria drugs have<br>so far complied or said they intend to comply with the WHO's recommendations<br>(see <a href="http://tinyurl.com/m94wqk">http://tinyurl.com/m94wqk</a>). National regulatory authorities could help by<br>
banning monotherapies, says Bosman, but many are weak, understaffed and lack<br>expertise.<br><br>"It's terrible," says Bosman, adding that every country where malaria is endemic<br>is affected by the problem. "Who says there is no profit to be made in malaria?<br>
When you see the number of companies operating in Africa, and the diversity of<br>products, you'd just be amazed."<br><br>