<br><br>
<div class="gmail_quote">From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:ruglucia@paho.org">ruglucia@paho.org</a>></span><br>crossposted from: <a href="mailto:EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org">EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org</a><br>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="maroon" size="3"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Attacking Inequality in the Health Sector - <i><span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">A Synthesis of Evidence and Tools</span></i></span></font></b><b><i><font face="Arial" color="navy"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><br>
</span></font></i></b></p>
<p><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Abdo S. Yazbeck</span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank – 2009<br>
<br></span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Available online as PDF file [336p.] at:<br><a href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPAH/Resources/Publications/YazbeckAttackingInequality.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPAH/Resources/Publications/YazbeckAttackingInequality.pdf</span></font></a> <br>
<br></span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> <font color="#ff6666">Coming from where this comes, it will be interesting to see what the book has to say. Anybody volunteering to review?   Claudio</font></span></font></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“……The overwhelming evidence of inequalities in health outcomes and in the use of health services calculated and disseminated by the World Bank and other development agencies in the last 10 years has energized global efforts to address the needs of the poor and socially vulnerable. These efforts have led to a renewed interest at the global and national levels in both understanding the causes of health sector inequalities and developing policies to tackle them. It is time to synthesize the new knowledge being generated from research and experimentation on addressing inequality.</span></font></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The main purpose of this book is to make available the accumulated knowledge of successful policy and analytical tools in this fight to reverse the vicious circle of income-poverty and ill health. The book presents both a practical set of analytical tools for understanding the causes of inequality in the use of health services and a menu of proven pro-poor policy actions. It is based on the evaluation of 14 successful policy changes in low- and middle-income countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, and a review of the published literature on inequality in the health sector. </span></font></p>

<p><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">As this book shows, however, policy answers are neither easy nor uniform. We now have ample evidence about the levels of inequality in more than 50 low- and middle-income countries. We know which outcomes and which services show the highest levels of inequality. We have proven analytical tools for understanding the causes of service use inequality.</span></font></p>

<p><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Most important, we have evaluations of experiences from countries designing and implementing pro-poor polices that are having measurable success. This book puts all this knowledge in one place. The next challenge is turning this knowledge into further action in the global effort to reduce poverty….”<br>
<br></span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">            <b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Content:</span></b></span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1. An Unacceptable Reality</span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">A Light at the End of the Tunnel: A New Way to Measure Inequalities </span></font></i></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Not a Pretty Picture </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Health Sector May Exacerbate Inequality </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The Misallocation of Public Spending on Health </span></font></i></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Presenting Inequality Data </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Annex 1.1 Asset Index as a Measure of Relative Wealth </span></font></i></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Annex 1.2 Health, Nutrition, and Population Inequality Data </span></font></i></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Annex 1.3 Benefit Incidence Analysis </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Annex 1.4 Recommendations for Further Reading </span></font></i></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Notes </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2. Approaching a Complex and Persistent Problem </span></font></b></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Pathways to Good Health </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The Binding Constraints Faced by the Poor </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The Blind Spots of the Health Sector </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Health Sector Finance and the Poor </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Moving Forward </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Annex 2.1 Summary of the Multisectoral Determinants of Health </span></font></i></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Annex 2.2 Recommendations for Further Reading </span></font></i></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Notes </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">3. The Importance of “Listening” </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The Views of Leaders from Low- and Middle-Income Countries</span></font></i></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The Dilemmas Posed by the Long List of Causes</span></font></i></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Listening Is Critical</span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Combining Active and Passive Listening: Immunization in India </span></font></i></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Advanced Analytical Techniques</span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Eight Steps to Effective Use by the Poor </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Following the Money: Tools for Analyzing the Role of Resource Allocations and Financing in Inequality </span></font></i></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">An Analytical Checklist </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Annex 3.1 Data Sources and Their Limitations </span></font></i></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Annex 3.2 Beneficiary Assessment </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Annex 3.3 Recommendations for Further Reading </span></font></i></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Notes </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">4. A Menu of Pro-Poor Policies </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Hope </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Recurring Themes </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Rules of Thumb </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Annex 4.1 Accountability Framework </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Annex 4.2 Recommendations for Further Reading </span></font></i></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Note </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">5. Brazil, Filling the Cracks in Universal Coverage <br><br></span></font></b></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">6. Cambodia: Contracting with Nongovernmental Organizations to Serve the Poor </span></font></b></p>

<p><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></b><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">7. Cambodia: Health Equity Fund for the Poor </span></font></b></p>

<p><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></b><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">8. Chile: Integrated Services Program for the Poor <br>
<br></span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">9. Colombia: Expanding Health Insurance for the Poor <br><br></span></font></b></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">10. India: Community-Based Health Care Services <br><br></span></font></b></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">11. Indonesia: Health Cards for the Poor <br><br></span></font></b></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">12. Kenya: Expanding Immunization Reach through Campaigns <br><br>
</span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">13. The Kyrgyz Republic: Health Financing Reform and the Poor <br>
<br></span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">14. Mexico: Paying the Poor to Use Health Services <br><br></span></font></b></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15. Mexico: Providing Subsidized Health Insurance to the Poor <br>
<br></span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">16. Nepal: Participatory Planning <br><br></span></font></b></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">17. Rwanda: Community-Based Health Insurance <br><br></span></font></b></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">18. Tanzania: Social Marketing for Malaria Prevention <br><br></span></font></b></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">19 Vigilance </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">What to Monitor </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Other Elements of Monitoring Frameworks </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Annex 19.1 Recommendations for Further Reading </span></font></i></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><i><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Note </span></font></i></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">References </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Index</span></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><br></span></font></p></div></div></div>