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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: TTE1BC5448t00; mso-bidi-font-family: TTE1BC5448t00"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="2"><strong>Time for a Human Right to Food Framework of Action.</strong></font></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: TTE1BC7848t00; mso-bidi-font-family: TTE1BC7848t00"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="2">FIAN Position on the Comprehensive Framework of Action of</font></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: TTE1BC7848t00; mso-bidi-font-family: TTE1BC7848t00"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="2">the High Level Task Force on the Global Food Crisis.</font></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align="center"><font size="1"><font face="times new roman,serif"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: TTE1BC7848t00; mso-bidi-font-family: TTE1BC7848t00">September 2008</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: TTE1BC5448t00; mso-bidi-font-family: TTE1BC5448t00"></span></font></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: TTE1BC5448t00; mso-bidi-font-family: TTE1BC5448t00"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: TTE1BC5448t00; mso-bidi-font-family: TTE1BC5448t00"><font face="Times New Roman">Introduction</font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">As a consequence of soaring food prices and widespread protests in more than 40 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">countries this year, hunger has finally attracted the public attention it deserves.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">Governments and Intergovernmental Organisations (IGO) have at last recognized that </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">we are facing a "Global Food Crisis". The crisis has not come overnight. Already before </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">the drastic increase of food commodity prices, more than 850 million people had been </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">affected by chronic undernourishment, and about 25,000 people died from hunger every </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">day. The food crisis is a permanent one. According to estimates, the number of hungry </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">people might have increased by 100 million in the last few months as an immediate </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">result of increased food prices.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">A range of international conferences – like the High Level Conference on World Food </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">Security of the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the G8 Summit – make </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">it clear that hunger has reached the top of the international agenda. Since April 2008, </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">the reaction of the international community to the food crisis has been coordinated by </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">the </span><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica-Oblique; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica-Oblique"><font face="Times New Roman">High Level Task Force on the Global Food Crisis </font></span></i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">(HLTF), which was initiated by UN </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">Secretary General Ban Ki-moon and which is composed of all UN organisations dealing </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">with food and agriculture issues, as well as the World Bank, the International Monetary </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">Fund (IMF) and the World Trade Organisation (WTO). In July 2008, the HLTF released a </span><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica-Oblique; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica-Oblique"><font face="Times New Roman">Comprehensive Framework of Action </font></span></i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">(CFA) which is meant to set out the joint position </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">of HLTF members on proposed action to overcome the food crisis.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica-Oblique; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica-Oblique"><font face="Times New Roman">FoodFirst Information and Action Network </font></span></i><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">(FIAN), the international human rights </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">organisation for the right to food, has decided to publish this position paper on the CFA </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">for the following reasons: a) As it apparently reflects the consensus of the UN and </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">Bretton Woods institutions, the CFA may have a major impact on food and agriculture </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">policies internationally. b) Although the CFA contains various positive recommendations, </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">others are highly ambiguous and problematic from the perspective of the human right to </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">food. c) The CFA was developed and decided almost without consultation of Civil</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">Society Organisations (CSO). FIAN is convinced that a broad debate on the policies and </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">recommendations of the HLTF is necessary to ensure that these policies really serve </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">their declared goal.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: TTE1BC5528t00; mso-bidi-font-family: TTE1BC5528t00"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: TTE1BC5448t00; mso-bidi-font-family: TTE1BC5448t00"><font face="Times New Roman">Executive Summary</font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">FIAN International welcomes the high priority given to resolving the food crisis. We </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">share the declared objective to give greater attention to agriculture in public policies and </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">to increase support especially to smallholder farmers. The call of the CFA on developing </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">countries to increase public spending in agricultural and rural development to at least 10 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">percent, and to increase the percentage of Overseas Development Aid (ODA) to be </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">invested in food and agricultural development from currently 3 percent to at least 10 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">within the next five years, points in the right direction. We also share the view that social </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">protection systems must be strengthened, particularly in times of soaring food prices.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">However, FIAN has considerable doubts as to whether the analysis and the </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">recommended actions provided in the CFA are sufficient and adequate to address the </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">huge immediate problems we are facing. Lessons learned through many years of </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">struggle for the human right to food, have led to the conclusion that the majority of </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">actions suggested in the CFA will not contribute to the realisation of the human right to </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">food for all, required by international law. They will rather contribute to cementing </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">existing power structures which are the source of violations of the human right to food </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">worldwide. In our analysis of the CFA, we identify severe errors and shortcomings</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">mainly in four areas:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">1. Although the CFA repeatedly mentions that </span><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica-Bold"><font face="Times New Roman">adequate food is an internationally </font></span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica-Bold"><font face="Times New Roman">recognized human right</font></span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">, it fails to draw the necessary conclusions. It lacks any </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">reference to legal remedies for the victims to claim the realization of this right. It </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">fails to recognize that not only states but also IGOs and therefore the members of </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">the HLTF, have obligations under the right to food. It neglects basic human rights</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">principles, such as accountability, non-discrimination, participation and </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">empowerment. And instead of recognizing demonstrations by hungry people as a </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">legitimate means to claim the right to food, the CFA conflates social movements </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">with criminal groups "ready to harness popular frustrations into a challenge </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">against the state and its authority". The disregard of basic democratic principles </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">is underlined by the fact that the decision on the CFA has not been taken by</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">governments, let alone parliaments, and relevant CSOs have never been </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">consulted in a meaningful way. And finally, the CFA fails to apply a human rights </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">approach in its recommendations for the proposed fields of action, such as social </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">protection, the promotion of agriculture and international trade.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">2. Although the CFA recommends strengthening </span><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica-Bold"><font face="Times New Roman">social protection systems</font></span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">, the </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">concrete proposals have a very narrow and exclusive focus, which implies a high </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">risk that many of those most in need will be excluded. By recommending a </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">narrow targeting and regular screening "to filter out those who have graduated </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">beyond the eligibility threshold", it fails to recognise that the ultimate goal of any</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">social protection system is to guarantee the human right to food for all. The </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">approach taken by the CFA sacrifices effectiveness to the altar of efficiency.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">Universal programmes or basic income programmes, which would avoid such</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica"> pitfalls and still provide reasonably targeted cash transfers without selection, are </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">not even mentioned. By proposing food for work programmes and other </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">alternatives to unconditional assistance, the CFA tries to ensure that even the </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">poorest have to "pay" in one way or another for transfers which are a matter of </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">life or death.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">3. Although the CFA claims to provide targeted support to</span><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica-Bold"><font face="Times New Roman"> smallholder farmers</font></span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">, it </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">does not recommend any convincing action to remedy existing and avoid future </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">discrimination of this very group which is especially vulnerable to hunger. It fails </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">to address gender issues as well as the question of how disempowered </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">segments of society gain the right to be heard in the formulation of national</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">policies. The CFA does not mention the ongoing worldwide process of land </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">grabbing and massive violent dispossession of rural communities due to heavy </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">investments in extractive industries, tourism, large infrastructure projects, </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">industrial development projects and last but not least agrofuels. The need for </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">comprehensive and redistributive agrarian reforms in order to fulfil the right to </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">food of the poor is completely ignored. Neither does the CFA address the </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">discrimination against smallholder farmers arising from the domination of the </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">whole food supply chain by a few transnational companies (TNCs) which have </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">considerably increased their profits during the last year, often at the expense of </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">their suppliers.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">4. Although the CFA suggests a review of </span><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica-Bold"><font face="Times New Roman">trade and taxation policies</font></span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">, it already </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">foresees the result: more liberalisation at all levels. Past experience with the </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">impacts of trade liberalisation on small scale farmers provides ample ground for </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">expecting that the proposed tariff reductions and financial support, especially for </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">imports, will suffocate any efforts in developing countries to revive domestic small </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">scale food production. The CFA condemns export restrictions as one of the main </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">reasons for the food crisis, without distinction or consideration of circumstances </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">which might justify the use of such instruments in a given country in order to </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">secure stable domestic food prices for the poor. The announcement of the HLTF </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">of a general lobbying for trade liberalisation, under the leadership of the World </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">Bank and the IMF, raises high concern that the CFA might even lead to further </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">violations of the right to food instead of avoiding them.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">Based on this analysis and its experience in the struggle for the right to food, </span><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica-Bold"><font face="Times New Roman">FIAN </font></span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica-Bold"><font face="Times New Roman">recommends to the HLTF members</font></span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">To enable a broad consultation process on the CFA at the international and national </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">level prior to its implementation, involving all sectors of the society affected by the </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">food crisis, and to ensure a human rights based monitoring of the implementation of </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">the adapted CFA.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">Not to use the CFA as a reference document for food policies prior to such broad </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">and truly participatory consultation process at the international level.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">To assess the impact of their current policies and activities, particularly those of the </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">World Bank and the IMF, on the human right to food and report on an annual basis to </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">the UN Human Rights Council.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">To respect the role of social movements in defending the right to food and in policy </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">formulation and to counter any attempts to criminalise social movements.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">To make sure that their work on social transfers is from now on based on human </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">rights and to stop propagating narrow selection mechanisms and conditionalities for </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">cash transfers.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">To promote the introduction of nation wide food indexed social cash transfers and </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">pilot projects on universal social cash transfers in all countries affected by the food </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">crisis.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">To identify, in consultation with the affected groups, immediate measures to protect </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">rural communities' access to land and natural resources and to assist governments </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">in implementing these measures.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">Not to support any production of agrofuels on large plantations. A moratorium on </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">agrofuels production should be considered to allow time for regulatory structures to </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">be put in place to safeguard economic, social and environmental rights.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">To support national land planning processes which are truly participatory in order to </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">facilitate redistribution of land to small-scale food producers.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">To subject all new large-scale development projects to a human rights assessment </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">following the "Basic principles and guidelines on development-based evictions and </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">displacement" submitted by the former UN Special Rapporteur on the Human Right </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">to Housing in 2006.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">To support the transition from an agriculture that heavily depends on fossil energy </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">and chemical inputs, to an agriculture based on agro-ecology and improved local </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">knowledge.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">To support the work of the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) and its special </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">procedures, particularly the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, in investigating </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">the role of the private sector in the current food crisis.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">To support the UN High Commissioner on Human Rights UNHCHR) to commission </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">Human Rights Impact Assessments on trade policies and agreements and on the </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">role of speculation.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">Not to make any trade related recommendations without prior Human Rights Impact </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">Assessment and broad consultation with CSOs in the affected countries. Under no </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">circumstances shall trade liberalisation be a condition for international support for </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">developing countries.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica">To submit food aid and financial support for imports to human rights criteria in order </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">to make sure that they do not endanger market access of local food producers.</span></p>
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