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<p align="left">Time for a Human Right to Food Framework of Action</p></font><font face="TTE15FB358t00" size="5">
<p align="left">FIAN Position on the Comprehensive Framework of Action of</p>
<p align="left">the High Level Task Force on the Global Food Crisis</p>
<div align="left">September 2008</div>
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<p align="left">Executive Summary</p></font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">
<p align="left">FIAN International welcomes the high priority given to resolving the food crisis. We</p>
<p align="left">share the declared objective to give greater attention to agriculture in public policies and</p>
<p align="left">to increase support especially to smallholder farmers. The call of the CFA on developing</p>
<p align="left">countries to increase public spending in agricultural and rural development to at least 10</p>
<p align="left">percent, and to increase the percentage of Overseas Development Aid (ODA) to be</p>
<p align="left">invested in food and agricultural development from currently 3 percent to at least 10</p>
<p align="left">within the next five years, points in the right direction. We also share the view that social</p>
<p align="left">protection systems must be strengthened, particularly in times of soaring food prices.</p>
<p align="left">However, FIAN has considerable doubts as to whether the analysis and the</p>
<p align="left">recommended actions provided in the CFA are sufficient and adequate to address the</p>
<p align="left">huge immediate problems we are facing. Lessons learned through many years of</p>
<p align="left">struggle for the human right to food, have led to the conclusion that the majority of</p>
<p align="left">actions suggested in the CFA will not contribute to the realisation of the human right to</p>
<p align="left">food for all, required by international law. They will rather contribute to cementing</p>
<p align="left">existing power structures which are the source of violations of the human right to food</p>
<p align="left">worldwide. In our analysis of the CFA, we identify severe errors and shortcomings</p>
<p align="left">mainly in four areas:</p>
<p align="left">1. Although the CFA repeatedly mentions that </p></font><b><font face="Helvetica-Bold" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">adequate food is an internationally</font>
<p align="left">recognized human right</p></font></b></div></font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">, it fails to draw the necessary conclusions. It lacks any
<p align="left">reference to legal remedies for the victims to claim the realization of this right. It</p>
<p align="left">fails to recognize that not only states but also IGOs and therefore the members of</p>
<p align="left">the HLTF, have obligations under the right to food. It neglects basic human rights</p>
<p align="left">principles, such as accountability, non-discrimination, participation and</p>
<p align="left">empowerment. And instead of recognizing demonstrations by hungry people as a</p>
<p align="left">legitimate means to claim the right to food, the CFA conflates social movements</p>
<p align="left">with criminal groups "ready to harness popular frustrations into a challenge</p>
<p align="left">against the state and its authority". The disregard of basic democratic principles</p>
<p align="left">is underlined by the fact that the decision on the CFA has not been taken by</p>
<p align="left">governments, let alone parliaments, and relevant CSOs have never been</p>
<p align="left">consulted in a meaningful way. And finally, the CFA fails to apply a human rights</p>
<p align="left">approach in its recommendations for the proposed fields of action, such as social</p>
<p align="left">protection, the promotion of agriculture and international trade.</p>
<p align="left">2. Although the CFA recommends strengthening </p></font><b><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">social protection systems</font></font></b><font face="Helvetica" size="3">, the
<p align="left">concrete proposals have a very narrow and exclusive focus, which implies a high</p>
<p align="left">risk that many of those most in need will be excluded. By recommending a</p>
<p align="left">narrow targeting and regular screening "to filter out those who have graduated</p>
<p align="left">beyond the eligibility threshold", it fails to recognise that the ultimate goal of any</p>
<p align="left">social protection system is to guarantee the human right to food for all. The</p>
<p align="left">approach taken by the CFA sacrifices effectiveness to the altar of efficiency.</p>
<p align="left">Universal programmes or basic income programmes, which would avoid such</p>
<p align="left">pitfalls and still provide reasonably targeted cash transfers without selection, are</p>
<p align="left">not even mentioned. By proposing food for work programmes and other</p>
<p align="left">alternatives to unconditional assistance, the CFA tries to ensure that even the</p>
<p align="left">poorest have to "pay" in one way or another for transfers which are a matter of</p>
<p align="left">life or death.</p></font>
<p align="left"><font face="Helvetica" size="3">3. Although the CFA claims to provide targeted support to </font><b><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">smallholder farmers</font></font></b><font face="Helvetica" size="3">, it</font></p>
<p align="left">does not recommend any convincing action to remedy existing and avoid future</p>
<p align="left">discrimination of this very group which is especially vulnerable to hunger. It fails</p>
<p align="left">to address gender issues as well as the question of how disempowered</p>
<p align="left">segments of society gain the right to be heard in the formulation of national</p>
<p align="left">policies. The CFA does not mention the ongoing worldwide process of land</p>
<p align="left">grabbing and massive violent dispossession of rural communities due to heavy</p>
<p align="left">investments in extractive industries, tourism, large infrastructure projects,</p>
<p align="left">industrial development projects and last but not least agrofuels. The need for</p>
<p align="left">comprehensive and redistributive agrarian reforms in order to fulfil the right to</p>
<p align="left">food of the poor is completely ignored. Neither does the CFA address the</p>
<p align="left">discrimination against smallholder farmers arising from the domination of the</p>
<p align="left">whole food supply chain by a few transnational companies (TNCs) which have</p>
<p align="left">considerably increased their profits during the last year, often at the expense of</p>
<p align="left">their suppliers.</p>
<p align="left">4. Although the CFA suggests a review of <b><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">trade and taxation policies</font></font></b><font face="Helvetica" size="3">, it already</font></p>
<p align="left">foresees the result: more liberalisation at all levels. Past experience with the</p>
<p align="left">impacts of trade liberalisation on small scale farmers provides ample ground for</p>
<p align="left">expecting that the proposed tariff reductions and financial support, especially for</p>
<p align="left">imports, will suffocate any efforts in developing countries to revive domestic small</p>
<p align="left">scale food production. The CFA condemns export restrictions as one of the main</p>
<p align="left">reasons for the food crisis, without distinction or consideration of circumstances</p>
<p align="left">which might justify the use of such instruments in a given country in order to</p>
<p align="left">secure stable domestic food prices for the poor. The announcement of the HLTF</p>
<p align="left">of a general lobbying for trade liberalisation, under the leadership of the World</p>
<p align="left">Bank and the IMF, raises high concern that the CFA might even lead to further</p>
<p align="left">violations of the right to food instead of avoiding them.</p>
<p align="left">Based on this analysis and its experience in the struggle for the right to food, <b><font face="Helvetica-Bold" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">FIAN</font></font></b></p>
<p align="left">recommends to the HLTF members<font face="Helvetica" size="3">:</font></p><font face="Symbol" size="3">
<p align="left">• </p></font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">To enable a broad consultation process on the CFA at the international and national
<p align="left">level prior to its implementation, involving all sectors of the society affected by the</p>
<p align="left">food crisis, and to ensure a human rights based monitoring of the implementation of</p>
<p align="left">the adapted CFA.</p></font><font face="Symbol" size="3">
<p align="left">• </p></font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">Not to use the CFA as a reference document for food policies prior to such broad
<p align="left">and truly participatory consultation process at the international level.</p></font><font face="Symbol" size="3">
<p align="left">• </p></font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">To assess the impact of their current policies and activities, particularly those of the
<p align="left">World Bank and the IMF, on the human right to food and report on an annual basis to</p>
<p align="left">the UN Human Rights Council.</p></font><font face="Symbol" size="3">
<p align="left">• </p></font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">To respect the role of social movements in defending the right to food and in policy
<p align="left">formulation and to counter any attempts to criminalise social movements.</p></font><font face="Symbol" size="3">
<p align="left">• </p></font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">To make sure that their work on social transfers is from now on based on human
<p align="left">rights and to stop propagating narrow selection mechanisms and conditionalities for</p>
<p align="left">cash transfers.</p></font><font face="TTE15F8670t00">
<p align="left"></p></font><font face="Symbol" size="3">• </font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">To promote the introduction of nation wide food indexed social cash transfers and
<p align="left">pilot projects on universal social cash transfers in all countries affected by the food</p>
<p align="left">crisis.</p></font><font face="Symbol" size="3">
<p align="left">• </p></font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">To identify, in consultation with the affected groups, immediate measures to protect
<p align="left">rural communities' access to land and natural resources and to assist governments</p>
<p align="left">in implementing these measures.</p></font><font face="Symbol" size="3">
<p align="left">• </p></font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">Not to support any production of agrofuels on large plantations. A moratorium on
<p align="left">agrofuels production should be considered to allow time for regulatory structures to</p>
<p align="left">be put in place to safeguard economic, social and environmental rights.</p></font><font face="Symbol" size="3">
<p align="left">• </p></font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">To support national land planning processes which are truly participatory in order to
<p align="left">facilitate redistribution of land to small-scale food producers.</p></font><font face="Symbol" size="3">
<p align="left">• </p></font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">To subject all new large-scale development projects to a human rights assessment
<p align="left">following the "Basic principles and guidelines on development-based evictions and</p>
<p align="left">displacement" submitted by the former UN Special Rapporteur on the Human Right</p>
<p align="left">to Housing in 2006.</p></font><font face="Symbol" size="3">
<p align="left">• </p></font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">To support the transition from an agriculture that heavily depends on fossil energy
<p align="left">and chemical inputs, to an agriculture based on agro-ecology and improved local</p>
<p align="left">knowledge.</p></font><font face="Symbol" size="3">
<p align="left">• </p></font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">To support the work of the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) and its special
<p align="left">procedures, particularly the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, in investigating</p>
<p align="left">the role of the private sector in the current food crisis.</p></font><font face="Symbol" size="3">
<p align="left">• </p></font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">To support the UN High Commissioner on Human Rights (UNHCHR) to commission
<p align="left">Human Rights Impact Assessments on trade policies and agreements and on the</p>
<p align="left">role of speculation.</p></font><font face="Symbol" size="3">
<p align="left">• </p></font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">Not to make any trade related recommendations without prior Human Rights Impact
<p align="left">Assessment and broad consultation with CSOs in the affected countries. Under no</p>
<p align="left">circumstances shall trade liberalisation be a condition for international support for</p>
<p align="left">developing countries.</p></font><font face="Symbol" size="3">
<p align="left">• </p></font><font face="Helvetica" size="3">To submit food aid and financial support for imports to human rights criteria in order
<p>to make sure that they do not endanger market access of local food producers.</p></font></div>