<br><span class="gmail_quote">From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)</b> <<a href="mailto:ruglucia@paho.org">ruglucia@paho.org</a>><br>crossposted from: <a href="mailto:EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org">EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org</a><br>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="maroon" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Human resources for health: a gender analysis </span></font></b><font face="Arial" color="maroon" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></span></font></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Asha George </span></font></b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></span></font></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Women and Gender Equity, and Health Systems, Knowledge Networks established as part of the WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health. <br>
The work of the Women and Gender Equity Knowledge Network - June 2007</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Available online PDF file [57p.] at: <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/social_determinants/resources/human_resources_for_health_wgkn_2007.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">http://www.who.int/social_determinants/resources/human_resources_for_health_wgkn_2007.pdf</span></font></a> </span></font></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">"……</span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">examine gender dynamics in medicine, nursing, community health workers and home careers. It also explores from a gender perspective issues concerning delegation, migration and violence, which cut across these categories of health workers. These occupational categories and themes reflect priorities identified by the terms of reference for this review paper and also the themes that emerged from the accessed literature. </span></font></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">This paper is based on a desk review of literature accessed through the internet, search engines, correspondence with other experts and reviewing bibliographies of existing material. These efforts resulted in a list of 534 articles, chapters, books and reports. Although most of the literature reviewed was in English, some of it was also in Spanish and Portuguese.…."<b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold"></span></b></span></font></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">TABLE OF CONTENTS </span></font></b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"></span></font></p>

<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Executive Summary </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Background </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Main Arguments </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Key Policy Messages </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Introduction </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Evidence Base for this Review </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Process of Literature Review </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Limitations of Literature Review </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Gendered Experiences in Human Resources for Health</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Medicine </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">How is Medicine Feminising? </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Occupational Gender Biases in Medicine </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Stereotypical Gender Work Models </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Nursing </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Histories of Nursing </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Delegation </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Community Health Workers </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Gendered Field Challenges </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Field Solutions </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Home Carers </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Gendered Issues in Human Resources for Health </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Migration </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Violence </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Gender Based Violence in the Health Sector </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">General Violence in the Health Sector </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Summary Conclusions </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">References</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">This paper was written for the Women and Gender Equity, and Health Systems, Knowledge Networks established as part of the WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health. The work of the Women and Gender Equity Knowledge Network was funded by a grant from the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs through the World Health Organisation, the Swedish National Institute of Public Health and the Foundation of Open Society Institute (Zug). The work of the Health Systems Knowledge Network was funded by a grant from the World Health Organisation and the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada. The views presented in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of IIMB, KI, IRDC, WHO, Commissioners, the Women and Gender Equity Knowledge Network or the reviewers.</span></font></p>

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