<br><span class="gmail_quote">From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)</b> <<a href="mailto:ruglucia@paho.org">ruglucia@paho.org</a>><br>crossposted from: <a href="mailto:EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org">EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org</a><br>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="maroon" size="3"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The Chronic Poverty Report 2008-09 </span></font></b></p>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Chronic Poverty Research Centre CPRC - UK's Department for International Development (DFID)</span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">July 2008</span></font></b></p>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Available online PDF [164p.] at: <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.chronicpoverty.org/pubfiles/CPR2_whole_report.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="navy"><span style="COLOR: navy">http://www.chronicpoverty.org/pubfiles/CPR2_whole_report.pdf</span></font></a> </span></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">'
..Over the last five years, in an era of unprecedented global wealth creation, the number of people living in chronic poverty has increased. Between 320 and 443 million people are now trapped in poverty that lasts for many years, often for their entire lifetime. Their children frequently inherit chronic poverty, if they survive infancy. Many chronically poor people die prematurely from easily preventable health problems.</span></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">For the chronically poor, poverty is not simply about having a very low income: it is about multidimensional deprivation hunger, undernutrition, illiteracy, unsafe drinking water, lack of access to basic health services, social discrimination, physical insecurity and political exclusion. Whichever way one frames the problem of chronic poverty as human suffering, as vulnerability, as a basic needs failure, as the abrogation of human rights, as degraded citizenship one thing is clear.</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Widespread chronic poverty occurs in a world that has the knowledge and resources to eradicate it.</span></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">This report argues that tackling chronic poverty is the global priority for our generation. There are robust ethical grounds for arguing that chronically poor people merit the greatest international, national and personal attention and effort. Tackling chronic poverty is vital if our world is to achieve an acceptable level of justice and fairness. <br>
<br>There are also strong pragmatic reasons for doing so. Addressing chronic poverty sooner rather than later will achieve much greater results at a dramatically lower cost. More broadly, reducing chronic poverty provides global public benefits, in terms of political and economic stability and public health
."</span></font></p>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">"
.Priority goes to two policy areas <b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">social protection</span></b> (Chapter 3) <b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">and public services for the hard to reach</span></b> (Chapter 5) that can spearhead the assault on chronic poverty. Alongside these are <b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">anti-discrimination and gender empowerment</span></b> (Chapter 5), <b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">building individual and collective assets</span></b> (Chapters 3, 4 and 6) and <b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">strategic urbanisation and migration</span></b> (Chapters 4 and 5). Working together, these policies reduce chronic poverty directly and create and maintain a just social compact that will underpin long-term efforts to eradicate chronic poverty (Chapter 6). Such social compacts ensure a distribution of public goods and services that contributes to justice and fairness
."</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Content:</span></font></b></p>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">PART A Chronic poverty as a key policy issue </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Chapter 1 Foundations for understanding and challenging chronic poverty </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">A. Chronic poverty and justice </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">B. The nature and extent of chronic poverty </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">What is chronic poverty?</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">What causes chronic poverty?</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Who is chronically poor? Where do they live?</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">How many chronically poor people are there?</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">C. Why address chronic poverty? </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">D: How to address chronic poverty? </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Policies against chronic poverty preventing entries and promoting exits</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">E. Chronically Deprived Countries and Consistent Improvers </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">F. Conclusion </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Chapter 2 The policy and political challenge </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">A. Introduction </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">B. Where are the chronically poor in PRSs?</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">C. Policy responses/policy choices in PRSs </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">D. Political systems and ownership </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">E. Institutional mainstreaming and participation of the poor </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span lang="FR" style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">F. Implementation </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span lang="FR" style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Obstacles to implementation</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">G. Conclusion </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">PART B Four sets of policies for poverty eradication </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Chapter 3 Addressing insecurity through social protection </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">A. Introduction </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">B. The central role of vulnerability </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">C. The importance of social protection </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">D. Lessons from existing social protection programmes and policies </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Policies, institutions and tools</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Identifying and overcoming obstacles to social assistance</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The politics of initiating social protection</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Poverty discourse, ideology and selection of beneficiaries</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Challenging the dependency thesis</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Social protection to foster the social compact</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">E. Country context </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Contextualising social protection</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">How to escape the 'social protection trap' in a Chronically Deprived Country?</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">F. Conclusion </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Chapter 4 Economic growth and chronic poverty </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">A. Introduction </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">B. Poor people and the growth process </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">C. Disaggregation matters for policy </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">D. Transformative growth </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Developmental States</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">E. Growth and strategic choices </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Making agriculture work for the chronically poor: infrastructure, education, information</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Strategic urbanisation and reducing spatial inequalities</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">F. Social protection as a policy lever for growth in Chronically Deprived Countries </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span lang="FR" style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">G. Conclusion </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="FR" style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Chapter 5 Transformative social change </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">A. Introduction </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">B. Gender equality, social inclusion and increased 'agency': social goals to end chronic poverty </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Creating the enabling environment for social movements</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Public action against discrimination</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Supporting migrants and migration</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Policies for a pro-poor demographic transition</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Post-primary education</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">C. Politics </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">D. Policy contexts </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">E. Conclusion </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Chapter 6 Ending violent conflict and building a social compact </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">A. Introduction </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">B. Violent conflict and impoverishment </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Injustice and ending war</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">C. Redefining the fragile state </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Consequences of state fragility for poverty</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">D. Towards a social compact </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">How are social compacts built?</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">E. Financing the social compact</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">What role should donors play?</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">F. Conclusion</span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">PART C Conclusion </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Chapter 7 Eradicating chronic poverty </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">A. Eradicating chronic poverty </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">B. Five key poverty traps 1</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">C. Policy reponses to chronic poverty traps </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Social protection and social assistance</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Public services for the hard to reach</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The building of individual and collective assets</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Anti-discrimination and gender empowerment policies</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1.5in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Strategic urbanisation and migration</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">D. Country context </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">E. Regaining the promise of poverty reduction </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="1"><span lang="FR" style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">References</span></font><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="FR" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="FR" style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">PART D Annexes </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span lang="FR" style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="#993300" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Background Papers :</span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.chronicpoverty.org/cpra-background.php" target="_blank">http://www.chronicpoverty.org/cpra-background.php</a> </span></font></b></p>
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<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="navy" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p></div></div>