<br><span class="gmail_quote">From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)</b> <a href="mailto:ruglucia@paho.org">ruglucia@paho.org</a><br> <a href="mailto:EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org">EQUIDAD@listserv.paho.org
</a><br><br></span>
<div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple">
<div>
<h1 style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="#993300" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #993300; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The world health report 2007 - A safer future: global public health security in the 21st century
</span></font></b></h1>
<h1 style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">World health Organization August 2007</span></font></b></h1>
<table style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; WIDTH: 106.5pt" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="142" align="right" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 1.5pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; PADDING-TOP: 1.5pt">
<p><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><i><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The World Health Report 2007 - A safer future: global public health security in the 21st century
</span></font></i><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> marks a turning point in the history of public health, and signals what could be one of the biggest advances in health security in half a century.
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Full report available online PDF [96p] at: <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/whr/2007/whr07_en.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">http://www.who.int/whr/2007/whr07_en.pdf</span></font></a> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">It shows how the world is at increasing risk of disease outbreaks, epidemics, industrial accidents, natural disasters and other health emergencies which can rapidly become threats to global public health security.
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The report explains how the revised International Health Regulations (2005), which came into force this year, helps countries to work together to identify risks and act to contain and control them. The regulations are needed because no single country, regardless of capability or wealth, can protect itself from outbreaks and other hazards without the cooperation of others. The report says the prospect of a safer future is within reach - and that this is both a collective aspiration and a mutual responsibility.
</span></font></p>
<h3 style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Report by chapter</span></font></b></h3>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in"><font face="Verdana" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><span>-<font face="Times New Roman" size="1"><span>
</span></font></span></span></font><span dir="ltr"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/overview/en/index.html" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Overview</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/chapter1/en/index.html" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Chapter 1: Evolution of public health security</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/chapter2/en/index.html" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Chapter 2: Threats to public health security</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/chapter3/en/index.html" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Chapter 3: New health threats in the 21st century</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/chapter4/en/index.html" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Chapter 4: Learning lessons, thinking ahead</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/chapter5/en/index.html" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Chapter 5: Towards a safer future</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/conclusion/en/index.html" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Conclusions & recommendations</span></font></a></span></font></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Verdana" color="black" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><br><br></span></font><font face="Verdana" color="black" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">
<img height="184" width="142" border="0"></span></font><font face="Verdana" color="black" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"></span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Verdana" color="black" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Verdana" color="black" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Verdana" color="black" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">UN Press Release:</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.75in"><font face="Verdana" color="black" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">"….."International public health security is both a collective aspiration and a mutual responsibility. The new watchwords are diplomacy, cooperation, transparency and preparedness," she added of the report, which calls pandemic influenza the most feared threat to health security in our times.
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Experts fear that the current bird flu virus, which has so far infected 321 people, killing 194 of them, could mutate to easy human-to-human transmission. The so-called Spanish flu pandemic of 1918-1920, which spread easily between humans, is estimated to have killed from 20 million to 40 million people. The experts say a new flu pandemic is not a question of if but of when.
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The report sets out the WHO strategic action plan to respond to a pandemic. It also draws attention to the need for stronger health systems and for continued vigilance in managing the risks and consequences of the international spread of polio and the newly emerging strain of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB).
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">It notes that since 1967, at least 39 new pathogens have been identified, including HIV, the deadly haemorrhagic Ebola and Marburg fevers, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), which emerged in China in 2003 and spread rapidly as far as Canada, infecting more than 8,000 people, over 800 of them fatally, before it was brought under control.
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Other centuries-old threats, such as pandemic influenza, malaria and tuberculosis, continue to pose a threat to health through a combination of mutation, rising resistance to antimicrobial medicines and weak health systems. New threats have also emerged, linked to potential terrorist attacks, chemical incidents and radio-nuclear accidents, it adds.
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Its recommendations include global cooperation in surveillance and outbreak alert and response; open sharing of knowledge, technologies and materials, including viruses and other laboratory samples, necessary to optimize secure global public health; and global responsibility for capacity building within the public health infrastructure of all countries.
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The report also calls for cross-sector collaboration within Governments and increased global and national resources for training, surveillance, laboratory capacity, response networks, and prevention campaigns.
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">It shows how and why diseases are increasingly threatening global public health security, citing the high and rapid mobility of people as one factor. Airlines now carry more than two billion passengers a year, enabling people and the diseases that travel with them to pass from one country to another in a matter of hours.
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The potential health and economic impact was seen in 2003 with SARS, which cost Asian countries an estimated $60 billion of gross expenditure and business losses.
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The report outlines some of the human factors behind public health insecurity, including inadequate investment in public health resulting from a false sense of security in the absence of infectious disease outbreaks; unexpected policy changes such as a decision temporarily to halt immunization in northern Nigeria in 2003, which led to the re-emergence of polio cases; and conflicts where forced migration obliges people to live in overcrowded, unhygienic and impoverished conditions heightening the risk of epidemics. …."
</span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Times New Roman" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><br></span></font><b><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="1"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">
Overview</span></font></b></p>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/07_overview_en.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Director General's Message & Overview [pdf 1.96Mb]</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/07_overview_ar.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Overview in Arabic [pdf 1.02Mb]</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/07_overview_ch.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Overview Chinese [pdf 1.54Mb]</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/07_overview_fr.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Overview in French [pdf 1.94Mb]</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/07_overview_ru.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Overview in Russian [pdf 912kb]</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/07_overview_es.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Overview in Spanish [pdf 1.96Mb]</span></font></a> </span></font></p>
<h3 style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><b><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="1"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">report by chapters</span></font>
</b></h3>
<p style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in"><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="1"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/07_contents_en.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Contents [pdf 567kb]</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/07_chap1_en.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Chapter 1: Evolution of public health security [pdf 735kb]</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/07_chap2_en.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Chapter 2: Threats to public health security [pdf 408kb]</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/07_chap3_en.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Chapter 3: New health threats in the 21st century [pdf 727kb]</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/07_chap4_en.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Chapter 4: Learning lessons, thinking ahead [pdf 583kb]</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/07_chap5_en.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Chapter 5: Towards a safer future [pdf 261kb]</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/07_conclusion_en.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Conclusions & recommendations [pdf 81kb]</span></font></a> <br>- <a onclick="return top.js.OpenExtLink(window,event,this)" href="http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2007/07_index_en.pdf" target="_blank">
<font color="#333399"><span style="COLOR: #333399">Index [pdf 44kb]</span></font></a></span></font><font face="Arial" color="#333399" size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><br></span></font>
</p></div></div>