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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Dear colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I am forwarding you an article by Third
World Network Info Service on a declaration signed by ten South American
Ministers of Health on 23 May 2006 reaffirming their commitment to access to
medicines and saying no to intellectual property rules that go beyond the WTO
TRIPS Agreement. In the Declaration they also make reference to human rights
obligations and commitment to dialogue over the “supremacy of public
interest over commercial concerns.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> Third World
Network [mailto:twnet@po.jaring.my] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> 01 June 2006 08:36<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Third World Network-2<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> TWN Info: South American
Ministers say no to TRIPS-plus measures</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>TWN Info Service on WTO and Trade Issues (June 06/01)</span></font></b></strong><b><span
style='font-weight:bold'><br>
<strong><b><font face="Times New Roman">1 June 2006</font></b></strong><br>
<st1:place w:st="on"><strong><b><font face="Times New Roman">Third World</font></b></strong></st1:place><strong><b><font
face="Times New Roman"> Network</font></b></strong><br>
<strong><b><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.twnside.org.sg">www.twnside.org.sg</a></font></b></strong></span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>South American Ministers vow to avoid TRIPS-plus
measures</span></font></b></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
<strong><b><font face="Times New Roman">The Ministers of Health of ten South
American countries issued a</font></b></strong><b><span style='font-weight:
bold'><br>
<strong><b><font face="Times New Roman">joint declaration on intellectual
property committing themselves to</font></b></strong><br>
<strong><b><font face="Times New Roman">avoid "TRIPS plus" provisions
in bilateral and regional trade agreements,</font></b></strong><br>
<strong><b><font face="Times New Roman">to facilitate the use of compulsory
licensing and parallel importing and to</font></b></strong><br>
<strong><b><font face="Times New Roman">avoid broadening the scope of
patentability and the extension of</font></b></strong><br>
<strong><b><font face="Times New Roman">patentable areas.</font></b></strong></span></b><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>The Ministers said there was a significant increase in
drug prices as a</span></font></b></strong><b><span style='font-weight:bold'><br>
<strong><b><font face="Times New Roman">consequence of the patent system,
leading to the worsening of</font></b></strong><br>
<strong><b><font face="Times New Roman">the problem of access to essential
drugs.</font></b></strong></span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>The Declaration of Ministers of <st1:place w:st="on">South
America</st1:place> over Intellectual Property,</span></font></b></strong><b><span
style='font-weight:bold'><br>
<strong><b><font face="Times New Roman">Access to Medicines and Public Health
was adopted in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Geneva</st1:place></st1:City>
on 23 May by the</font></b></strong><br>
<strong><b><font face="Times New Roman">Health Ministers of <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Argentina</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Bolivia</st1:country-region>,
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Brazil</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Chile</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Colombia</st1:country-region>,
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Ecuador</st1:place></st1:country-region>,</font></b></strong><br>
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><strong><b><font face="Times New Roman">Paraguay</font></b></strong></st1:country-region><strong><b><font
face="Times New Roman">, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Peru</st1:country-region>,
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Uruguay</st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Venezuela</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</font></b></strong></span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>The ministers met on the sidelines of the World Health
Assembly.</span></font></b></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Below is a report of the declaration.</span></font></b></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>With best wishes</span></font></b></strong><b><span
style='font-weight:bold'><br>
<strong><b><font face="Times New Roman">Martin Khor</font></b></strong><br>
<strong><b><font face="Times New Roman">TWN</font></b></strong></span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>-------------</span></font></b></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
<strong><b><font face="Times New Roman">South American Ministers vow to avoid
TRIPS-plus measures</font></b></strong><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><strong><b><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Geneva</span></font></b></strong></st1:place></st1:City><strong><b><font
face="Times New Roman">, 24 May 2006: By Martin Khor (TWN)</font></b></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
The Ministers of Health of ten South American countries have issued a<br>
joint declaration on intellectual property committing themselves to<br>
avoid "TRIPS plus" provisions in bilateral and regional trade
agreements,<br>
to facilitate the use of compulsory licensing and parallel importing and to<br>
avoid broadening the scope of patentability and the extension of<br>
patentable areas.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Explaining the rationale for their commitments, the Ministers said
there was<br>
a significant increase in drug prices which affects government programmes<br>
and consumers. They attributed this as a consequence of the patent system<br>
which affects health products that are essential for the prevention and<br>
treatment of serious public health conditions, leading to the worsening of<br>
the problem of access to essential drugs.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>They pledged to continue regional dialogue on IPRs and access to drugs,<br>
leading to measures "that ensure the supremacy of the public interest over<br>
commercial concerns."<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>The Declaration of Ministers of <st1:place w:st="on">South America</st1:place>
over Intellectual Property,<br>
Access to Medicines and Public Health was adopted in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Geneva</st1:place></st1:City> on 23 May by the<br>
Health Ministers of <st1:country-region w:st="on">Argentina</st1:country-region>,
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Bolivia</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Brazil</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Chile</st1:country-region>,
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Colombia</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Ecuador</st1:place></st1:country-region>,<br>
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Paraguay</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Peru</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Uruguay</st1:country-region>
and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Venezuela</st1:place></st1:country-region>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>The ministers met on the sidelines of the World Health Assembly meeting
here<br>
this week. Intellectual property rights is a major agenda item at the WHA,<br>
which will discuss the report of the WHO Commission on Intellectual<br>
Property, Innovation and Health, and negotiate two resolutions relating to<br>
IPRs and health related research and development.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>The draft resolutions are strongly supported by developing countries,
while<br>
some developed countries have been opposing many parts of the drafts.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>The South American Ministers' Declaration said that access to medicines
and<br>
critical raw materials is an integral part of the right to health, which is<br>
a basic human right of every individual and a fundamental prerequisite that<br>
governments have a duty to ensure.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Medicines and critical raw materials are key in the healthcare of
people.<br>
Nonetheless, large populations particularly people in developing countries<br>
lack or have very limited access to these health tools.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>The provision of patents in the pharmaceutical sector has gained
increased<br>
relevance in the region since the enforcement of the WTO's TRIPS Agreement.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>The Ministers said they are aware of the soaring burden of diseases and<br>
conditions that disproportionately affect their countries, and particularly<br>
those illnesses that mostly affect women and children, as well as of the<br>
health problems that are emerging or re-emerging, including neglected and<br>
non communicable diseases.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Significant price increase is being recorded in the area of government<br>
programmes related to pharmaceuticals and in the direct costs to consumers,<br>
as well as in the market prices, said the Declaration. It added that this is<br>
a consequence of the patent system which affects health products that are<br>
essential for the prevention and/or the treatment of serious public health<br>
conditions, leading to a deterioration of access to essential drugs.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>The Ministers said their countries have in different ways adopted all
the<br>
flexibilities and safeguards in their national legislations, as provided by<br>
the TRIPS Agreement and as reiterated in the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and<br>
Public Health.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>They added that a growing concern is emerging globally, made explicit
in<br>
several Resolutions and Declarations by international and intergovernmental<br>
bodies, in relation to governments' responsibility to grant access to<br>
essential medicines and tools to respond to public health needs.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Both in the Andean countries' group and in the MERCOSUR, Ministers of
Health<br>
have developed their work on the issue of access to essential medicines,<br>
thereby considering aspects of intellectual property and public health.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>The Declaration said a continued dialogue must be fostered at the
regional<br>
level concerning the impact of intellectual protection on access to drugs,<br>
leading to the adoption of concerted measures in order to ensure the<br>
supremacy of the public interest over commercial concerns.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>In the action part of their Declaration, the Ministers declared their<br>
commitment to undertake 7 sets of actions.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>First, they committed to promote the implementation of the Doha
Declaration<br>
on TRIPS and Public Health in their own countries (and particularly the<br>
decision of the TRIPS Council (Decision IP/C/W/405, dated 30/08/2003), in<br>
relation to the provisions regulating paragraph 6 of the Declaration),<br>
including the granting of compulsory licences and use of parallel importing<br>
mechanisms.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Second, they committed to promote public awareness about the importance
of<br>
IPRs and Public Health in terms of the successful implementation of the<br>
safeguards and flexibilities included both in the TRIPS agreement and in the<br>
<st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Doha</st1:place></st1:City>
Declaration.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Third, they committed to strengthen international cooperation
initiatives<br>
seeking technological capacity by means of (a) promotion of strategic<br>
alliances for technology transfer; (b) promotion of strategic alliances for<br>
the development of science, technology and innovation; and ( c) creation of<br>
a Technical Assistance Network for their countries, to be limited to issues<br>
of intellectual property that are relevant to health.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Fourth, they committed to maintaining the flexibilities provided in the<br>
TRIPS Agreement in bilateral and regional agreements, while seeking to:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>-- facilitate the use of compulsory licences, parallel importing and
"Bolar<br>
exceptions";<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>-- avoid the broadening of the scope of patentability and the extension
of<br>
patentable areas (for example: therapeutic methods, plants and animals), and<br>
second uses;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>-- avoid the linkage between the granting of patents and the granting
of<br>
marketing approval, in addition to avoiding any other clause that may<br>
include "TRIPS plus" arrangements.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>[The process of marketing approval of drugs is undertaken by the health<br>
authorities, and the process usually involves safety and efficacy<br>
requirements; however there have been pressures by the <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>
in<br>
negotiations on bilateral trade agreements that marketing approval for<br>
generic versions of drugs be denied if there are branded versions of the<br>
drugs that have been granted patents.]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Fifth, they committed to seek the active role of their Ministries of
Health<br>
in the negotiation of bilateral trade agreements, in the negotiation among<br>
regional groups as well as in the process of modification, updating and<br>
consolidation of national intellectual property rights norms, by means of:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>-- affirming the needs of the health sector with technical supports,
based<br>
on the <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Doha</st1:place></st1:City>
Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health, and the UN Millennium<br>
Declaration;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>-- training health professionals in the domain of IPRs, including their<br>
current and future repercussions with regards to access to essential<br>
medicines.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Sixth, they committed to promote and support the continued
international<br>
dialogue on the impact of patent protection on access to essential medicines<br>
and critical raw materials, by means of research initiatives and exchanges<br>
of experiences.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Seventh, they recommended the promotion of studies to monitor drug
prices<br>
and the effects of the TRIPS Agreement in the area of public health in their<br>
countries, with the aim of identifying alternatives to the current system<br>
that may contribute to the promotion of innovation and the transfer of<br>
technology, while favouring social appropriation at affordable cost. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
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