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<DIV><B>From:</B> <A title=ruglucia@PAHO.ORG
href="mailto:ruglucia@PAHO.ORG">Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">
<DIV> <A title=EQUIDAD@LISTSERV.PAHO.ORG
href="mailto:EQUIDAD@LISTSERV.PAHO.ORG">EQUIDAD@LISTSERV.PAHO.ORG</A>
</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><EM><FONT face=Arial size=2>Is this the way academics see
it...?</FONT></EM></DIV>
<DIV><EM><FONT face=Arial size=2>Claudio</FONT></EM></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV class=Section1>
<H2 style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><FONT face=Arial color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Key issues and
questions <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></H2>
<P style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Inequality is
therefore a key issue in debates about achieving the MDGs. Nevertheless, there
are still important issues which need to be resolved before one can design
sensible and effective policies for addressing inequality. These issues are
highlighted by three main questions: <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><FONT
face=Symbol color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1><SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT><![endif]><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">which
inequalities matter? <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><FONT
face=Symbol color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1><SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT><![endif]><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">what
drives inequalities, and how can they be affected by policy?
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><![if !supportLists]>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2"><FONT
face=Symbol color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1><SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT><![endif]><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">which
specific policy instruments work best where? </SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2"><FONT
face=Arial color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT> </P>
<H3 style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><FONT face=Arial color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Which inequalities
matter? <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></H3>
<P style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Like poverty,
inequality can exist in a range of dimensions (e.g. income, life expectancy,
mortality, education). One needs to first ask which inequalities matter, and of
those that matter, which matter most. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">This
paper was written as a background paper for a roundtable discussion on 'Equity
and Development' held at the<BR> Overseas Development Institute on 31 March
2006 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><FONT face=Arial color=maroon
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><BR>A
New Equity Agenda?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><FONT face=Arial color=maroon
size=1><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Reflections
on the 2006 World Development Report, the 2005 Human Development Report and the
2005 Report on the World Social Situation</SPAN></FONT></B><FONT face=Arial
color=maroon size=1><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Edward
Anderson and Tammie O’Neil</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Overseas
Development Institute, Working Paper 265, April
2006<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City
w:st="on"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">London</SPAN></FONT></st1:City><FONT
face=Arial color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">,
<st1:country-region
w:st="on">UK</st1:country-region></SPAN></FONT></st1:place><FONT face=Arial
color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Available online as
PDF file [37p.] at: <A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp265.pdf"><FONT
color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399">http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp265.pdf</SPAN></FONT></A>
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“……In
terms of implications for policy-makers in governments and national
organisations, the paper has three main conclusions.
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><FONT
face=Symbol color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1><SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT><![endif]><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The
first is that there are good reasons for placing more emphasis on equity, and
related concepts such as social justice and fairness, as policy objectives – in
addition to, or as a broader concept which includes, the elimination of absolute
deprivation. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><FONT
face=Symbol color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1><SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT><![endif]><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The
second is that, although making equity a more explicit policy objective does not
require a fundamentally different approach to development policy, it does
require that governments and donors do some things they are not doing now, and
some things they are already doing, but doing then differently.
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><FONT
face=Symbol color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<FONT face="Times New Roman" size=1><SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT><![endif]><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The
third is that the institutional inequalities at the core of ‘inequality traps’
reflect political disparities that are historically rooted and therefore
persistent. <BR>However, even within this institutional landscape, there are
opportunities for social actors to negotiate, to strategically manage reform
processes and to build coalitions for pro-equity change. Donors will need to
invest in political analysis in order to support these
processes.<BR><BR><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">A final
point is that the main focus of the paper is on inequalities within
countries….”<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Contents<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1
Introduction <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2
Do Inequalities Matter for Development and If So Why?
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2.1
Arguments from WDR 2006, HDR 2005 and RWSS 2005 <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2.2
Comparison with existing arguments <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2.3
Discussion <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2.3.1
The focus on equity <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2.3.2
The definition of equity <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2.3.3
Additional instrumental and intrinsic arguments <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">3
Policies for Addressing Inequality <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">4
Politics, Implementation and the Role of External Agencies
18<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">4.1
Political economy and pro-poor reform <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">4.2
Strategies for policy change in WDR 2006, HDR 2005 and RWSS 2005
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">4.3
Strategies for pro-equity change? <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">4.3.1
Extending institutional analysis <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">4.3.2
Recognising the role of elite reformers <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">4.3.3
Recognising the importance of alliances for change <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">4.3.4
What role for donors? <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">References
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Annexes<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=1><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><FONT face=Arial color=maroon
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Regional
Synthesis:</SPAN></FONT></B><FONT face=Arial color=maroon size=1><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/IRIFRegionalSynthesis_sub-SaharanAfrica.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1025 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0><STRONG><B><FONT face=Arial><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Regional
Synthesis: </SPAN></FONT></B></STRONG><SPAN class=style11><B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Africa</SPAN></B></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></A> by
Christiana Okojie and Abebe Shimeles (2006) <A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/IRIFRegionalSynthesis_sub-SaharanAfrica.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1026 height=20
src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=20
border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><BR><BR><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/IRIFRegionalSynthesis_Asia.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1027 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0><STRONG><B><FONT face=Arial><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Regional
Synthesis: </SPAN></FONT></B></STRONG><SPAN class=style11><B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Asia</SPAN></B></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></A> by Arsenio M.
Balisacan and Geoffrey M. Ducanes (2006) <A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/IRIFRegionalSynthesis_Asia.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1028 height=20
src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=20
border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><BR><BR><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/IRIFRegionalSynthesis_LatinAmerica.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1029 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0><STRONG><B><FONT face=Arial><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Regional
Synthesis: </SPAN></FONT></B></STRONG><SPAN class=style11><B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Latin America </SPAN></B></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></A>by
<st1:PersonName w:st="on">Dante Contreras</st1:PersonName>, Patricia Medrano
& Claudia Sanhueza (2006) <A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/IRIFRegionalSynthesis_LatinAmerica.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1030 height=20
src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=20
border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT
face=Arial color=#330033 size=1><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #330033; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">
</SPAN></FONT><B><FONT face=Arial color=maroon size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers_policycases.html"
target=_blank><FONT color=maroon><SPAN
style="COLOR: maroon; TEXT-DECORATION: none">Policy
Briefs</SPAN></FONT></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/Policy%20Brief%201%20-%20South%20Africa.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1049 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0></SPAN>Policy Brief 1: Social grants, South Africa </FONT><FONT
color=#333399><SPAN style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG
id=_x0000_i1050 height=20 src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer"
width=20 border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><BR><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/Policy%20Brief%202%20-%20Colombia.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1051 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0></SPAN>Policy Brief 2: Familias en Acción, Colombia </FONT><FONT
color=#333399><SPAN style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG
id=_x0000_i1052 height=20 src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer"
width=20 border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><BR><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/Policy%20Brief%203%20-%20Nicaragua.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1053 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0></SPAN>Policy Brief 3: Red de Protección Social, Nicaragua </FONT><FONT
color=#333399><SPAN style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG
id=_x0000_i1054 height=20 src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer"
width=20 border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><BR><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/Policy%20Brief%204%20-%20Jamaica.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1055 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0></SPAN>Policy Brief 4: Programme for Advancement through Health and
Education, Jamaica </FONT><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1056 height=20
src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=20
border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><BR><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/Policy%20Brief%205%20-%20Indonesia.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1057 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0></SPAN>Policy Brief 5: Social safety nets, Indonesia </FONT><FONT
color=#333399><SPAN style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG
id=_x0000_i1058 height=20 src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer"
width=20 border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><BR><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/Policy%20Brief%206%20-%20India.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1059 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0></SPAN>Policy Brief 6: Maharashtra Employment Guarantee Scheme, India
</FONT><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1060 height=20
src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=20
border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><BR><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/Policy%20Brief%207%20-%20Tunisia.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1061 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0></SPAN>Policy Brief 7: National Employment Fund, Tunisia </FONT><FONT
color=#333399><SPAN style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG
id=_x0000_i1062 height=20 src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer"
width=20 border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><BR><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/Policy%20Brief%208%20-%20ChileArgentina.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1063 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0></SPAN>Policy Brief 8: Youth Training, Chile and Argentina </FONT><FONT
color=#333399><SPAN style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG
id=_x0000_i1064 height=20 src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer"
width=20 border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><BR><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/Policy%20Brief%209%20-%20Ghana.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1065 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0></SPAN>Policy Brief 9: National Functional Literacy Program, Ghana
</FONT><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1066 height=20
src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=20
border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><BR><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/Policy%20Brief%2010%20-%20Uganda.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1067 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0></SPAN>Policy Brief 10: Universal Primary Education, Uganda
</FONT><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1068 height=20
src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=20
border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><BR><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/Policy%20Brief%2011%20-%20Sri%20Lanka.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1069 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0></SPAN>Policy Brief 11: Educational opportunities for the poor, Sri
Lanka </FONT><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1070 height=20
src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=20
border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><BR><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/Policy%20Brief%2012%20-%20India.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1071 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0></SPAN>Policy Brief 12: Health insurance for the poor, India
</FONT><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1072 height=20
src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=20
border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><BR><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/Policy%20Brief%2013%20-%20Malaysia.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1073 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0></SPAN>Policy Brief 13: Affirmative action, Malaysia </FONT><FONT
color=#333399><SPAN style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG
id=_x0000_i1074 height=20 src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer"
width=20 border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><BR><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/Policy%20Brief%2014%20-%20India.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1075 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0></SPAN>Policy Brief 14: Affirmative action, India </FONT><FONT
color=#333399><SPAN style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG
id=_x0000_i1076 height=20 src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer"
width=20 border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><BR><A
href="http://www.odi.org.uk/inter-regional_inequality/papers/Policy%20Brief%2015%20-%20Nigeria.pdf"
target=_blank><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1077 height=10
src="cid:006201c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer" width=11
border=0></SPAN>Policy Brief 15: Affirmative action, Nigeria </FONT><FONT
color=#333399><SPAN style="COLOR: #333399; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG
id=_x0000_i1078 height=20 src="cid:006301c678ea$e0bf9490$0800000a@computer"
width=20 border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV></BODY></HTML>