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<DIV><B>From:</B> <A title=ruglucia@PAHO.ORG
href="mailto:ruglucia@PAHO.ORG">Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=Section1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><STRONG><B><FONT face=Arial
color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Can The People
Rule?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in"><B><FONT
face=Arial color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">March/April
2006 issue of <I><SPAN style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Boston
Review</SPAN></I></SPAN></FONT></B><STRONG><B><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><FONT face=Arial color=maroon
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The
Citizens of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Porto
Alegre</st1:City></st1:place><BR></SPAN></FONT></B><FONT face=Arial
color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Available at: <A
href="http://bostonreview.net/BR31.2/baiocchi.html"><FONT color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399">http://bostonreview.net/BR31.2/baiocchi.html</SPAN></FONT></A>
</SPAN></FONT><o:p></o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">
..It
is not surprising that Brazilians are, by and large, uninvolved in civic life.
Their cities are among the most violent, economically unequal, and
problem-ridden in the world. While the elite live in fortified enclaves, one
fourth of Brazilian city dwellers live in makeshift slum housing, often without
access to any social services and dependent on patrons for
survival</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Arial color=#333399><SPAN
style="COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">
.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
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size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: 0in"><FONT
face=Arial color=#333399 size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">
.Looking at
citizen attitudes and behaviors in isolation from the state institutions and the
politics behind them reveals little about democratic possibilities. The story of
participatory budgeting is useful beyond the template it offers for other cities
in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on">Brazil</st1:country-region></st1:place> and throughout the world. It
also raises questions about the way we discuss declining civic engagement in the
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">United
States</st1:country-region></st1:place>. Perhaps we should be asking not only
about television-watching habits and other social behaviors but about the nature
of our national and local governments. We should be asking how transparent,
responsive, and accessible they are to the
citizen
..</SPAN></FONT><STRONG><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></STRONG></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><SPAN lang=EN-GB
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