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<DIV><B>From:</B> <A title=ruglucia@PAHO.ORG
href="mailto:ruglucia@PAHO.ORG">Ruggiero, Mrs. Ana Lucia (WDC)</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"> </DIV>
<DIV class=Section1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><FONT face=Arial color=maroon
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Analyzing
Urban Poverty: A Summary of Methods and Approaches
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Judy
Baker, and Nina Schuler <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><B><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">World
Bank Research - Working Paper No.: 3399 September, 2004
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Full
Text: Adobe Acrobat (PDF) [77p.] at: <A
href="http://econ.worldbank.org/files/38383_wps3399.pdf">http://econ.worldbank.org/files/38383_wps3399.pdf</A>
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“….In
recent years an extensive body of literature has emerged on the definition,
measurement, and analysis of poverty. Much of this literature focuses on
analyzing poverty at the national level, or spatial disaggregation by general
categories of urban or rural areas, with adjustments made for regional price
differentials. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Yet for
an individual city attempting to tackle the problems of urban poverty, this
level of aggregation is not sufficient for answering specific questions such as
where the poor are located in the city, whether there are differences between
poor areas, if access to services varies by subgroup, whether specific programs
are reaching the poorest, and how to design effective poverty reduction programs
and policies. Answering these questions is critical, particularly for large,
sprawling cities with highly diverse populations and growing problems of urban
poverty. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Understanding urban
poverty presents a set of issues distinct from general poverty analysis and thus
may require additional tools and techniques. Baker and Schuler summarize the
main issues in conducting urban poverty analysis, with a focus on presenting a
sample of case studies from urban areas that were implemented by a number of
different agencies using a range of analytical approaches for studying urban
poverty. Specific conclusions regarding design and analysis, data, timing, cost,
and implementation issues are discussed…..”<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=#333399
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
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style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333399; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT> </P></DIV></BODY></HTML>