PHM-Exch> End Vaccine Apartheid

Tue Sep 7 02:13:44 PDT 2021

-From: Jomo from Challenging Development+ <jomodevplus at substack.com>

Vaccine costs have pushed many developing countries to the back of the
vaccine queue, with most low-income ones not even lining up. Poor nations
cannot afford to provide relief or stimulate
recovery. ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌
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End Vaccine Apartheid
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVkkuPm0AMxz9NuG00L14HDmloWrYL1a6SKNkLGmYMTAIDhSEJ-fSdTS6t5Idky_5L_llwA1U3zFHfjcb5CrmZe4g0XMcGjIHBmUYYciUjQn2MPM93ZMQkDtzAUWNeDgAtV01khgmcfioaJbhRnX5MMBZg6tQRIdITflDwMiwoIrIIWVgWuJTECwIA9hTmk1SgBURwgWHuNDhNVBvTjwu6WpCNtVPXdhIufTONy3EqRsPFeSm61rZ666Dly4ULoTS88J4PpgYlF3RjujPoBY1hfsWC7OcDac7JqZvTu7il8ZFk81WJH-FdbsL-c514Wbxyf28rmsW7MWmbWtpauj3e0-3qmt5Xbra-Kn7I7naHEj_36m2boCyubumcjInO8FElXqK_XQR9N6Ld10f60ReEqfJ9-WudJ7r12W51IP5bU5Cd_yp2p--f7Xv8J6zXQTHdbmvqmXR0VEQQwShEPgoIc-kSLxkgwb0y5BQoZq4sS-pzLIWUMqQC0IKhtiL_3cYZolHUU2m4tt3qC9ajbFnlNreTVmbOQfOiAfnEaJ7f8ACbV6BhsF8ic24i7FGMEEWWn-89qVnODIVh4DPXsbqys1M6-ofUX5IDznU>Vaccine
costs have pushed many developing countries to the back of the vaccine
queue, with most low-income ones not even lining up. Poor nations cannot
afford to provide relief or stimulate recovery.

Jomo
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVkMluxCAMhp9muDWCmLAcOPTS14gIODO0CUQsrfL2ZSaXVrJsy6v-z9mK95RPc6RSydPN9TzQRPwpG9aKmbSCeQ7ejCAZFUISb7hnalIklHnNiLsNm6m5ITnasgVna0jxtcG5YkAeRrFJ8oUxMarRayrAciY18wAaVin49dg2HzA6NPiN-UwRyWYetR7lBu-38aPbZ9qTx-9ja2UobSnVuq_Bpb23DkzHhj1RIKkE_vacJcGMdGRUU0nVyCcY2MCROitWbQGB8cmvK0jLvPPea3BIb5zu9_HfeZJNcY-2Vht79_7U-yp3uXOPe4uhnjNGu2zoLxL1AvpiM98xYu6g_WyrYQIYpUA111JcwjsqTrVWkk-k__Wpb0XzR-wvp-WMWw>
Sep 7
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUtuO2jAQ_RryBnJs5_aQB7RZ2iACBbVQ9iVy7AkYclNsw4avXwdaqZWsGc2Mz1wPZxpObT_EXau0M4pcDx3EDdxVBVpD7xgFfS5FjEngIt8PHBFT4YZe6EiVlz1AzWQV696A05mikpxp2TZPBKWhS5xzjBDlYchwwFgpPOEHEHqC-RAVZRAKXLwKMyMkNBxiuEE_tA04VXzWulMTMp_ghX2Xtm4F3LrKqJkyhdKMX2e8rW2IddLKm2vFmMyqZ1_THhgf-5mQhW6vYHUCw9LleD_8xtU1vbRD9uCfWXLE6-Eu-bfoIRZR9_GW-utk7m1-nsg6-aXSZlkdD2vEDpGxGEk7fE3lXbLDAln7c33JbI75I0uuaPW27DjJ5EYu7-KQ6uyyRZvk_TH-52QvRzyv9-cj2XUFprLcztBqOt3VehtmnmpX8vuHPBz3P_w94tN3kaqgI8F0Va93Ikgn2De6zlVreg52mr97-OOvQUhTj1OO4zsyxgi7KEIBCjH1yMydUUCc-WXECBCXeqIsScBcwYUQEeGAJhTVJ_zffp0-VvxsSs0aGz2NmZ9ue-_c6to0Ug85NKyoQLyooF-MenaRn6CB3jJN5EzHrk9chAiKaBT4r8tbrlAURWFAPcfWFa1FNfE_1_4C6fbltQ>
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<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVktuO2jAQhp-G3C3yKaeLXFDottluUm0FaNmbyLEnxJA4aewA4elroJW2km3J33g8mn9-wS3su2FK-s5Y73YUduoh0XA2DVgLgzcaGAolE0JDjIIg9GTCJI78yFOmqAaAlqsmscMIXj-WjRLcqk7fMxiLMPXqxK-w8GPGCK5wjFBAZIliTMMylBJFiD4K81Eq0AISOMEwdRq8Jqmt7c2MLmbk2a1D13YSTn0zmrkZS2O5OM5F17pQ7zZo-XTiQigNT7zng61ByRl9Hm1bmG4cBMzo6l_ejAQ33oJUY-v4vY2_UHTagra31zUfwFEubk19ArY7wu0O0wsWZDu9k-aYHropu4pLttqRfDor8S2-yue4_1imQb5a-D_Xe5qvNiZtm1o6lq1312y9OGfXhZ8vz4q_51f3hxLft-p1naJ8tb9kU2pSneOdSoNUfzkJ-mZFu6139FdfEqaqt_mPZZHqNmSbxTsJX5uSbMIXsTl8_WjfVr_jehmV4-WypIHNjKcSgghGMQpRRJhP53jOAAkeVDGnQDHzZVXRkGMppJQxFYBmDLV78p_e3pAYUY-V5dpF9zfl7tjN32nXtqNWdipA87IB-bCGfTjsrnKxBw2Dc54suE1wQDFCFMUsDoOHE5x3GIrjKGS-5-rKzmXp5NP0_wCEzusZ>

*End Vaccine Apartheid*

By Anis Chowdhury
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkMGOhSAMRb_msRsDgqALFrOZ3zAIVZlRMFCe8e8Hn0nTNrdp2nusQVhiuvQRM5I7jXgdoAOceQNESKRkSKN3uuWKUSkVcVo41nc98XmcE8Bu_KYxFSBHmTZvDfoYPhtC9IyTVQ9DT6cZuBJWtsqBklx1ZhaTAwpSmuewKc5DsKDhDemKAcimV8Tjxb9f7U-N8zwbf-T7tyYAVsUUXGO6m-Dzl13j6daSrioQr1vaMjpQRftWdLxhjQBqjZwHw4Ez0bl55sowZ51zA7dAX4LuS9vkMmU09q-xcSdJZ7uWGU2o0-W2-pGr07HWvQSP1wjBTBu4BwI-LD9YxgUCpMrYjQY1k5xRyukgBiUfz5WSoBWPEh2pd12sW0H_xj06eB9byf8qUozf>
 and Jomo Kwame Sundaram
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkEuOhDAMRE_T2TXKDwiLLGYz10AmMXSmIUH5NOL2ExrJsqOyrEo9AxmXEE-9h5TJ1cZ87qg9HmnFnDGSkjCOzmoueka7ridWS8tUq4hL4xwRN3CrzrEg2cu0OgPZBf-9kFIxQV66BzVhJ1vBh0kC8LYHMdlZcgtcKTXdxlCsQ29Q4wfjGTySVb9y3h_i58F_ax3H0bg9XX9rPOaqQMmvEOvjL2zh-T5gw2cq3kKErarEaU45owPtqeLVv2GNRGqgmwcQKJhs7TyLHpg11tpBGKQPSbeFN6lMKYN5NyZsJOpkXmXO4Ot2ufJ-5Rp3rHMr3uVzRA_TivYmkW-gXzbjgh5jBW1HyJp1glEq6CCHvruDV1SSDoPqZUuqrw31yusrksXPvpb0D_lejpY>

*SYDNEY and KUALA LUMPUR, Sep 7 2021 (IPS) *- Vaccine costs have pushed
many developing countries to the end of the COVID-19 vaccination queue,
with most low-income ones not even lining up. Worse, less vaccinated poor
nations cannot afford fiscal efforts to provide relief or stimulate
recovery, let alone achieve Agenda 2030.
*Excluding by appropriating*
Developing countries now account for more than 85% of global pandemic deaths
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJw1kcuOwyAMRb-m7BJBIA8WLGYzvxER7KTMJBDxaJW_H7fVCOSLjC8Wx84W3GK6zBlzYa8wl-tEE_CZdywFE6sZ0-zBdHIUfBhGBkaBmPqJ-TyvCfGwfjclVWRnXXbvbPExvB1KTUKyuxGLE4uGTsHgJqTFR-xHvUg96L7rxaexreAxODT4wHTFgGw391LOfJNft-6b9vP5bJcU468PW24RKuWWPW4kay01YQPk3eN5YCiU7HgnSHj_Oo8UXHx4aIRufG7sfzE91rhYQ0lXc9oAeHhHtcybl59rPvKpU71sRauQOzus2kqUQvWwrnK0AhwAaOmQ3xQ_tq7NdcnFut_WxYMlk929rsUGut1esN5pYjWTHjX4cs0Y7LIjfDCWzzTeYOcNAyaaEsy2GDFIwbnkWulx-FAjzoprPY2qZ9QXIrmC-YlHpO-de81_7aihmg>.
By early September, *The Economist
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkE2OwyAMhU9Tdo0gkB8WLGYz14godhJmEojANJPbD20ly5afZT37c5ZwiekyR8zEXmmi60AT8MwbEmFiJWOaPJhWDoL3_cDAKBBjNzKfpzkh7tZvhlJBdpTH5p0lH8N7Q6lRSLYalMCtxpk7oRBhHFs9atC2U04DzO3H2BbwGBwafGK6YkC2mZXoyDf5dWu_a5zn2aCLIe4-U-PiXrUl2WP17g5I9Y4quJhisE-fSr7jn8Oc68zSWrtMfq8PZ-ZNy1vBNR_42KpONqJRyJ3tZ20lSqE6mGc5WAEOALR0yG-K70vb5PLIZN3vy50lk91aZrKhTpcXh7dcMUy17iV4uiYM9rEhfAjRB_Sb2bRgwFTvgcmSEb0UnEuulR76D5CKUHGtx0F1rPpCrFvB_MQ9Aj6PreR_KhKZIg>*
estimated
actual COVID-19 deaths worldwide at 15.2 million, rather than the official
4.6 million.

In six of the ten countries
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkE1uxCAMhU8z7BpBID8sWHTTa0TEODO0CURgEuX2JTMSsoXxw88fWMJnTJfZYyZ2h4muHU3AM69IhImVjGnyzrRyELzvB-aMcmLsRubztCTEzfrVUCrI9jKvHiz5GN4KpUYh2cuAhlH0DoAval5aPYxSCj7ALOcW-kV8BtviPAZAgwemKwZkq3kR7fkhvx_tTz3neTbhIr9hbiButeJDtWiB_IH11vJW3G0xra5miId3X4cF8OFtKn9Rbf7D1LxoW5k3t4BrPvCxVZ1sRKOQg-0XbSVKoTq3LHKwwoFzTktA_lB8e7ZNLnOm-tPtgiWT4VUWsqG-Pm8a73KFMdW8leDpmjDYeUX34UQf3G9y0xNDXYHQTZaM6CsYLrlWeug_WCpIxbUeB9WxOtfFqgrmN27R4bGvJf8D5OKZVA>
with
the highest fatality rates, less than a tenth of their populations were
fully vaccinated as of 10 August. In the other four, no more than a third
were fully vaccinated.

Now, as rich nations buy up more vaccines for third shots, vaccination
inequities are becoming starker. Buying up hundreds of millions of doses
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkUuu4yAQRVcTZrb42wwY9KS3YWEo27yHweITK7tvkrSEqOKWrm7pYE2FPeWXvlKp6H0t9XWBjnCXALVCRq1AXrzTlE0ESzkhp7kjs5iRL8uWAU7jg665AbraGrw11af4cXA-E4YO3YsFt3I22VlMwjjGZrduWAi1UgryG2ya8xAtaHhCfqUIKOij1qs82J8H_dvPfd_jXX5Gm87-Mrl6G6D01nVLSBe4waYWa_ZQhpDs79Curjy9G4gansZaH_ukHjm1_RgopmwgRFIqpZBCIK-7RLDCE54pF2wkIwdsjdyUYcAIF27b2GSIs845xSzgB8fnTsfS1lKN_X2vhrIu9mhbNbFP9zeej9zpLL2eLfr6WiCaNYD7gqtf_h-Uyw4Rcv8Xt5iqiWQEY4YVV9N_Tp0sx0rNExeo57rUXVH_pDN1DFdo5R8EgJ1S>,
they penalise poorer countries already doubly deprived. Rich countries will
likely have about 1.2 billion extra doses by the end of 2021
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkc2OrCAQhZ-m2WlAaJUFi7u5r2GQKpUZBMNPG99-0E5IEQ6cOuQrozOuIV7qCCmTu0z5OlB5PJPDnDGSkjBOFlTHB0b7fiCgBLDxPRKbpiUi7to6lWNBcpTZWaOzDf5xCDEyTjYFowbKxUh5x8eem4UuAo0Ug-SdHOX8DdYFLHqDCj8Yr-CROLXlfKQX__fq_td1nmeb0eEa9bG1JrTlt6qrC7N2zYba5a2ek3naNNpDAzahTnirJR6upMaEj4Xmo42xHhsICVNzWuealG8D62bfnE-rq74tPkeLqfr1ftRKrOpox6ikAx078eYtawVSo_tFao6ciTcsCx80AwMAkhukL0H3tWtTmWuE-a3_3klUyWxlqZH1dr0JPnIFONV9L97ma0KvZ4fwZZu_I3poTyt6jHV0MOmsWM8ZpZxKIYf-i7LCF1TKcRBvUnMhVJdXP2EPgJ8bwx_BAavW>
!

More than 5.41 billion vaccine shots
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkE1uxCAMhU8z7BpBID8sWHTTa0TEODO0CURgEuX2JTMSsoXxw88fWMJnTJfZYyZ2h4muHU3AM69IhImVjGnyzrRyELzvB-aMcmLsRubztCTEzfrVUCrI9jKvHiz5GN4KpUYh2cuAhlH0DoAval5aPYxSCj7ALOcW-kV8BtviPAZAgwemKwZkq3kR7fkhvx_tTz3neTbhIr9hbiButeJDtWiB_IH11vJW3G0xra5miId3X4cF8OFtKn9Rbf7D1LxoW5k3t4BrPvCxVZ1sRKOQg-0XbSVKoTq3LHKwwoFzTktA_lB8e7ZNLnOm-tPtgiWT4VUWsqG-Pm8a73KFMdW8leDpmjDYeUX34UQf3G9y0xNDXYHQTZaM6CsYLrlWeug_WCpIxbUeB9WxOtfFqgrmN27R4bGvJf8D5OKZVA>
have
been administered worldwide, with 81% in only ten high and upper
middle-income countries. Meanwhile, the poorest countries have only
received 0.4%.

In January, the World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General (DG) warned
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkM1qhTAQhZ_GLCV_Gl1kUbh03S5a6EpiZtS0mohJrvj21SsMM3CGw-F81iQcw3boNcRErtWlY0XtcY8zpoQbyRG3zoHmQjFa14qAlsCaqiEudsOGuBg367RlJGvuZ2dNcsG_HFI2TJBJMxS25gBSGG5Z03JQlbKMY4MKoDd3sMng0FvU-MTtCB7JrKeU1liIt4K_n7Pve3mEnHKPpQ3LpZhkp0K8Pwvx-Ki-PsV33zzMD3GaU85oSxVtuKxEyUqJ1Jp6aI1AwWQFwyCUYWABoBUWaSHpMvIy5j4mY_-uALLpaKc8JOPP73gVfclnz-68S_YuHR16088IN4J0k3xB6Ub0uJ2EoTNJs1owSgVtZavqu_HJSNK2bZSsyJkL4XR5_RuWAPhc5xz_ARhmivk>,
“I need to be blunt: the world is on the brink of a catastrophic moral
failure – and the price of this failure will be paid with lives and
livelihoods in the world’s poorest countries”.

*Profits booster*
In early July, Pfizer and BioNTech announced
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcGu2yAQRb8m7GqBwcZesGhVpeqiUpqqXXSDJsw44T0bu4CTul9fEksIhotGd-7BQabrHDezzCmz52bztpAJ9Egj5UyRrYmi9WhqqQVvW83QKBRd0zGf7BCJJvCjyXEltqyX0TvIfg6vDqU6IdnNOGy5ElqhQ0AtaiE6CT1gS6pxXXvZjWFFT8GRoTvFbQ7ERnPLeUkH-fFQH8tyGKpl8P8oVm6eirBf9rrmtfjAdak-05jB_oLoIWT7I6-42VOklEpd8k5U1KMPMFpddVUtqgWHgzx-PS1n8ff32_i4w89v3_t0DvXxnU7ukz-fvvx5MG-eHrznmne1amQlKkXcQTv0IEkK1eAwSA2i5ETspSN-UHy61lVaLymDe3-OzaJJ7rYOGUJ5vT7pveQCz5ZzWoPPm6UAl5Fw55r373mRtlcKFEsMtJCNaKXgXPJe9brdMRbwivd9p1XDii_OpSuYt3make7LuKb_brmosQ>
plans
to get emergency authorisation for booster vaccine doses. Pfizer then met
with US officials to press their case, while Moderna applied for approval
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcuu6yAMRb-mzKggkNeAwZnc34gMOA3nJBDxaNW_v04rIR429t5adlDxkfLbnKlUdm1LfZ9oIr7KjrViZq1gXoI3nRqlGIaReaO9nPqJhbKsGfGAsJuaG7Kz2T04qCHFT4XWk1RsM1ZLa7FfJ-H6VQuctBC-U1IKYbuhs19haD5gdGjwifmdIrLdbLWe5aZ-bt0_Wq_X656xkatyd-mgiG0lRCyFrhvCXjcHGfm5QT7A0U9ys1_JI3nMEXhp9gi18BBDDbBzDxW4S8_guZz5E5yjdtwm8oOZt8JXD7wTneRi5kJSJxbM9RazGMXU6V7d5V2jcDCsMyhUUvd-XdUI0jvv_awcipsWx6O7k3ip4P4u7yyb4ra2VoiUfVwMP2FCuNB5NDL4XjCC3dF_6dbvkD68lwdGzDQ8v0A1clCEUolZz-PwhUn4tZjnadQ9I12fqCqa33SBeJ57K_8BprOrcA>
this
month.

Following the Israeli President’s
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkEluhDAQRU_T3gV5wuCFF9nkGqjaLmgnYCMPjbh93CDVpCqVvv6zUHCJ6TR7zIV8ylTOHU3AI69YCiZSM6bJO8PFwKhSA3FGOjb2I_F5mhPiBn41JVUke32u3kLxMVwfUo5MkJcRVg_KgnVScwkjVQMqi4ryHriwwG5hqM5jsGjwjemMAclqXqXs-SG-H_ynxXEcXYBSE3Y2bm0BqXi7Ym6jk6wf1Rfl7JNUfzHiDb9GOtCRy150rJNILahZg0DBZO_mWQzAnHXOaWGRPiTdFt7l-swF7N9HhiST7avOBUK7Lh-317qZnVrfavDlnDDAc0V3cyg3zovMtGDA1DC7CYphSjBKBdWyEbltN1CSaj0OsidN18X2Fcxv3KLD977W_A8iIoqs>
third
shot on 30 July, nearly a million boosters
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcmO7CAMRb-m2BFBIAMLFr15vxExmJDuBCKGivL3j1RJlo0xVxcdG1VgjemWZ8wFPWkp9wkywJV3KAUSqhnSslnZs4mScZyQldzSeZjRlheXAA617bKkCuiset-MKlsMHwXnM2XIy2mYwIyKcuDaEc1HpgWZDbBeUKc1fI1VtRsEAxLekO4YAO3Sl3LmF_t59f9aXNfVmaBNZ-LR2p70tBUinvScLh_xmSBnyPiKabd4B2UhZVwi9rH10TkcAzbxvVmsY7OFhLOPpT3xKdbV4wxngUND6nw5drTJx4YIMpG55wPraMeBGDU6oRgwygfrHJsUtcZaK5gB8uLkWPsuV52LMn_Pb1GS2fjqigptuj7IPteN2NLqUcNW7gWC0jvYL8zy3ckH77JCgNR2ZRdVJB0ZJYQRwcU0ftk12pwIMU98QM3XxqYK8jce0cL73Gv-D6Tjpd8>
have
been administered in the US since 12 August despite earlier official
hesitation
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkM2u4yAMhZ-m7BJBICQsWNzNvEZEsJNyJ4GIn1Z9-3HbkZCRfTi2-byruKf8slcqlb3DUl8X2ojPcmCtmFkrmJcAdpCT4FpPDKwCMY8zC2XZMuLpwmFrbsiuth7BuxpS_DiUmoVkd2s2zScFSiul-CiAOy5JM04LDW6F72DXIGD0aPGB-ZUissPea73KTf7chj90ns9nv4Hr9_Sg7L1jR29jLZRdGUvpXIypUY_zf_U3hVg7D54U6MjblUpffsvdw3kfInZroumYCwt24IPghk98HtQoe9Er5N7pzTiJUqgRtk1OToAHACM98pvi5z70pa3U1__tfTpZtsXf21ZdJHV_0_mUCc5C99liqK8Fo1sPhC-3-sX_IbnsGDHTjrC4aoWWgnPJjTKT_mIisIobM09qZDQXErmi_U1nAnxcRyv_AA2Mn4c>.
US President Joe Biden expects to launch a campaign
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkc2OrCAQhZ-m2WFAUGHBYjb3NQxC2TKDYPhp49tfbBNSRR1SnMpXRhd4x3SpI-aC7jCX6wAV4MweSoGEaoY0O6t6NlEyjhOyilsqBoFcntcEsGvnVUkV0FEX74wuLoZvB-eCMrS1C6PLIgQdpBGjACMWskouWwkjJ_Ix1tU6CAYUfCBdMQDyaivlyC_28-r_tXOeZ5egtqlyZ-J-KzF523LNLZR44JrxBtqXDcd1dcZpn_HhdcBBpxRPSNjEj7OYSrzE5toEr2swG86xJgO4Jz3FRGLC2o_IqbsmkkxE9HxgHe04EKPHVWoGjPLBriubNLXGWiuZAfLiZH_3Xa5LLtr83YOipLLZ6lp0aK_vG9hXbrzmlvcaXLlmCHrxYB-U5dnIF-78hgCpbcrOuig6MkoII43fND7kGutGUYqJD6j52ti6gvqNe7TwOXzN_wGbqKPY>
for
a further 100 million booster shots on 20 September.

France
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcuurSAMhp9mMcOA4IUBgz05r2GQVmVvBcNFs97-4FoJaZs27V--WpNxDfGtz5AyecyU3ydqj3faMWeMpCSMkwPdioGzvh8IaAl87Ebi0rRExMO4XedYkJxl3p012QX_6ZBy5IJsuhfDLBVD6MQInenbeR7NYJYWZsPQjF9hU8Cht6jxwvgOHsmut5zP9BI_r_Zfffd9N1hieLZrbDhqqmUtr46pxzzRHOosjDRtIScaFmrD5YByRS9jrfP4VMoOdK6RuRDoEiKFqrmH0_mV3iHW6r0FajeHC3H60WCKDWxsZSca3khk1vSLMgIFlx0sixgMBwsASlhkL8mOtW1SmVM29u9ZlUSd7FaWbHytrg-zT7oim6o_inf5PaE3847wpZm_R_nwnVb0GOuxYDJZ815wxgRTUg39F17FLZlS4yA7UnUh1C6vf8MR6tfOvaT_MzCl3A>
began
administering boosters to people over 65 from September. The UK has
announced
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcuurSAMhp9mMcOA4IUBgz05r2GQVmVvBcNFs97-4FoJaZs27V--WpNxDfGtz5AyecyU3ydqj3faMWeMpCSMkwPdioGzvh8IaAl87Ebi0rRExMO4XedYkJxl3p012QX_6ZBy5IJsuhfDLBVD6MQInenbeR7NYJYWZsPQjF9hU8Cht6jxwvgOHsmut5zP9BI_r_Zfffd9N1hieLZrbDhqqmUtr46pxzzRHOosjDRtIScaFmrD5YByRS9jrfP4VMoOdK6RuRDoEiKFqrmH0_mV3iHW6r0FajeHC3H60WCKDWxsZSca3khk1vSLMgIFlx0sixgMBwsASlhkL8mOtW1SmVM29u9ZlUSd7FaWbHytrg-zT7oim6o_inf5PaE3847wpZm_R_nwnVb0GOuxYDJZ815wxgRTUg39F17FLZlS4yA7UnUh1C6vf8MR6tfOvaT_MzCl3A>
offering
a third dose from late September. Germany, Belgium and other European
countries
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkL1uxCAQhJ_m6M4Cg40pKJLimkhRmtQWhvWZBIPFz1l---C7SKtdNKtlRp9WGe4hHnILKaOzjfnYQHrYk4OcIaKSII7WyJZygvueIyOZIUM3IJvGOQKsyjqZYwG0lclZrbIN_nnB2EAoWiQfpsnA3M-4E5gK2uKWdEpNWguque5fxqoYC16DhAfEI3hATi45b-lC3y7trda-702EUlOlRoe1Kipmqx3UV0nXBZTLy1WHGLx62FilKdSfIV6t-f74eP9sb1-kr8HlmQALzPHQso42pGGAtepnoShQwjozz5QrYrQxpmYEfGF4vbdNKlPKSv-e9ijKpJcyZ-Xr9n5ieMqVwljnWrzNxwheTQ7MC1B-cX4iG-_gIVb-ZlRZkp4SjCkWTPB_HpUgw0IMnHWo-ppQr7z8CWsw8NhcSX-f6pau>
followed
suit.

Now, supply will decline further as Pfizer and Moderna sell booster doses. Two
new Pfizer-BioNTech facilities
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkU2OwyAMhU9Tdqn4KwkLFrOZa0QUOw0zCURgOurth7QSsoXN41mfgyd85PJyR67EzjDT60CX8K9uSISFtYpljuCkGgU3ZmTgNIjpNrFY56Ug7j5ujkpDdrT7FoOnmNNbofUkFFudAQsaJ6VRLosZLRgrx6AMV1JKDv5j7BtETAEdPrG8ckK2uZXoqBf1dZHf_Sy5UEt4DXnvN8ml6InbM8geauh6ipXq8LfmocSwDuk9TR1CfkYY7rkbYRnqmvujUOIek996s6VePkqGFig-sX_GojsNuOUjn6S-qau4auTBm8V6hUroGyyLGr2AAABWBeQXzfeHvNZ2r-TD7zknK66GtS3kU-8-Tlbvckc197y3FOk1Y_L3DeFDkT7LeHOdH5iw9CXB7MkJowTnilttR_OB1jFrbu006hvrvpC7KrmfvGfA57G1-g-Qr6MW>
have
been approved to manufacture boosters in France and Germany.

Meanwhile, Moderna is scaling up
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkU2OwyAMhU9Tdqn4KwkLFrOZa0QUOw0zCURgOurth7QSsoXN41mfgyd85PJyR67EzjDT60CX8K9uSISFtYpljuCkGgU3ZmTgNIjpNrFY56Ug7j5ujkpDdrT7FoOnmNNbofUkFFudAQsaJ6VRLosZLRgrx6AMV1JKDv5j7BtETAEdPrG8ckK2uZXoqBf1dZHf_Sy5UEt4DXnvN8ml6InbM8geauh6ipXq8LfmocSwDuk9TR1CfkYY7rkbYRnqmvujUOIek996s6VePkqGFig-sX_GojsNuOUjn6S-qau4auTBm8V6hUroGyyLGr2AAABWBeQXzfeHvNZ2r-TD7zknK66GtS3kU-8-Tlbvckc197y3FOk1Y_L3DeFDkT7LeHOdH5iw9CXB7MkJowTnilttR_OB1jFrbu006hvrvpC7KrmfvGfA57G1-g-Qr6MW>
booster
production in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Almost all the 3.2 billion
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkEluhDAQRU_T3gV5wuCFF9nkGqjaLmgnYCMPjbh93CDVpCqVvv6zUHCJ6TR7zIV8ylTOHU3AI69YCiZSM6bJO8PFwKhSA3FGOjb2I_F5mhPiBn41JVUke32u3kLxMVwfUo5MkJcRVg_KgnVScwkjVQMqi4ryHriwwG5hqM5jsGjwjemMAclqXqXs-SG-H_ynxXEcXYBSE3Y2bm0BqXi7Ym6jk6wf1Rfl7JNUfzHiDb9GOtCRy150rJNILahZg0DBZO_mWQzAnHXOaWGRPiTdFt7l-swF7N9HhiST7avOBUK7Lh-317qZnVrfavDlnDDAc0V3cyg3zovMtGDA1DC7CYphSjBKBdWyEbltN1CSaj0OsidN18X2Fcxv3KLD977W_A8iIoqs>
Pfizer
and Moderna doses to be produced this year have already been purchased by
the US and Europe.

The WHO DG lambasted this “scandalous inequity
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxtkc2OrSAMgJ_msMOA4A8LFrO5r2EQqjKDYKCO8e0v57idpGnTv7T9ag3CmvKtj1SQvNWE9wE6wlUCIEImZ4E8eadbMXDW9wNxWjo-diPxZVoywG580JhPIMc5B28N-hQ_HVKOXJBN834WQtiRqRaGTrBWOCaUNdAB8E4tz2BzOg_RgoZfyHeKQILeEI_yEl-v9l-V67qaa0uNj1g95zNYTJmuECGbUEPlALAblHcWsO71RxktNB0QfVxprrvnn0INUtyAXikHRzcwATdqSoF9DjeltJV0NzdtWcuJ12_DFBvY2MpONLyRwKzpF2UECC47tyxiMNxZ55wSFthLsn1tm3LOBY39aWzaSdbFbueCJtbs-ib4CVeAU7X7GT3eE0QzB3APW3xe9KE9PacguMlgpSs4Y4IpqYb-QVnhS6bUOMiO1Lku1a6ov9OeHPwe4Sz_AR2yqwI>”
at the World Health Assembly in May. The WHO has repeatedly called for
delaying
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkc2utCAMhq9m2GFQGH8WLM7muw1ToSrnIBgoTubuP5xJmjZt07ztUwOEW0xvfcZM7HYzvU_UAV_ZIxEmVjKm2VndyaEVfT8wq5Vtx-fIXJ7XhHiA85pSQXaWxTsD5GL4TCg1tpLtWsIywdDZpVaEUVZKCaMSOBm59sMgv8JQrMNgUOOF6R0DMq93ojM_5M-j-1ft9Xo1JiymMfGoaSe6tgYx3k7d_T1yA95nvsbEj5iAYnLl4DFwEy9n-QXGuIB8iVURU-ZA3CNk4rSnWLadZzwJjwVTs9PhmdO3ipjEIMZOPWXTNgqFgX6dQKJs1dOuqxygtcZaO0mD4qHEsXVNLksmMH_3sizpbPayEoTa3W5in3IFNtd4lODoPWOAxaP9sqTvSz505w0D1mPQzkC67WUrhBSTmob-i67CVmKaxkE9WdW1sU4F_RuPaPE6fcn_ATeFpPs>
booster
provision, arguing that the most vulnerable people worldwide should be
vaccinated first.

Pfizer and Moderna have not provided details
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkU2OwyAMhU9TdkQQ_sKCxWzmGhEB0zCTQAZIq_b0Q1vJwhb46ZnPzja45vIwR64NvY65PQ4wCe51g9agoLNCmaM3I1OUSKmQN9zTSUwo1jkUgN3GzbRyAjrOZYvOtpjTW8H5RBlajfBLoE5yKZxahOZ6tN5pAWHikk1SfIzt6SMkBwZuUB45AdrM2tpRL-zrMn73-HsOLu-9oForqVWv7nHb8BHiEwq2yeM9eyjJ4qPkEBsOJe-4rYBdvkWPqcZL7l69ua65dT2KZiQjJZooMo1csIEOHIizMmjLgFEufAhMWeqd914zB-TCyX4dh3outVn3-5oJFVPdeoZmU3-9vpC8rzuRuef9TLE9Zkh22cB_YLUP8ze--QoJSt-Fn20zVDJKCCMdlJIfNp0mJ1pPigvUfX3uqmR-8uu7t2M76z8xxJlg>
of
their booster prices. An economist
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkU2OwyAMhU9TdkQQ_sKCxWzmGhEB0zCTQAZIq_b0Q1vJwhb46ZnPzja45vIwR64NvY65PQ4wCe51g9agoLNCmaM3I1OUSKmQN9zTSUwo1jkUgN3GzbRyAjrOZYvOtpjTW8H5RBlajfBLoE5yKZxahOZ6tN5pAWHikk1SfIzt6SMkBwZuUB45AdrM2tpRL-zrMn73-HsOLu-9oForqVWv7nHb8BHiEwq2yeM9eyjJ4qPkEBsOJe-4rYBdvkWPqcZL7l69ua65dT2KZiQjJZooMo1csIEOHIizMmjLgFEufAhMWeqd914zB-TCyX4dh3outVn3-5oJFVPdeoZmU3-9vpC8rzuRuef9TLE9Zkh22cB_YLUP8ze--QoJSt-Fn20zVDJKCCMdlJIfNp0mJ1pPigvUfX3uqmR-8uu7t2M76z8xxJlg>
has
estimated: “Sold at present prices, this would represent roughly a 50%
increase in revenue over the longer run”.

Moderna raised
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkc2O4yAMx5-m3BJBoEk4cJhd7d5Wc5gHiAiYhG0CER_t9O3HaSU-jC3jv382usAS01MdMRdyHlN5HqACPPIGpUAiNUOavFUdHxjt-4FYJSwbryPxeXIJYNd-UyVVIEedN2908TG8MoQYGSerGjgV4MzsYO6pEXzQFiwznbhKJpx078K6Wg_BgII7pGcMQDa1lnLkC_-4dH9xPR6PtqyQiw5WJ9uauLfrDQNzAn3zYWlO3fjOYE4RaPW42cD68TT-RQsp6Ob3n8_mq8Cx6gDNL401twa-D0zKzR4TnN80d528DuiJrjExxaDvPtVMvOpox6ikAx2xA96yVgA1undSc-BMXK1z2CKzxloruQF6EXRfujbXGaWb26mbJJXNWh22gtHlZPhyI8IJ770GX54TBD1vYN90y3tIL97TAgESDs9OuijWc0Ypp1LIoX_DRPyCSjkO4kqwro2YFdT_uCOC-7HV_AMLCaxJ>
its
2021 vaccine sales forecast for its first two doses to US$19.2 billion in
May. So, booster sales should add about US$10 billion. Meanwhile, Pfizer
raised
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkU2OwyAMhU9TdkQQSAILFrOZa0QOOC0zBCJ-WnVOP7SVLIxsHn76bKHiNeWnOVOp5HWs9XmiifgoAWvFTFrBvHpnRrFwNs8LcUY6riZFfFn3jHiAD6bmhuRsW_AWqk_xrZBScUFuhkm1OSV3IfSsN6us1qDEuM1aSCet_QyG5jxGiwbvmJ8pIgnmVutZLuLrMn73eDweg71BjBheBqF4GGw6emdrxUcspV_P3f9hpjn1WqU23b2jXNM7WNufUNf9RkfHmW4-hO6U9v8aBFogYKFcSDGpmXgzspEzzRamRjmJgQ8SmYV51yBQcDm5fRcLcGedc1pYZBfJjus4lLaVCvb35YxkU-yt7RVi715fpN7lDmrt-WjR1-eKEbaA7sOwflbxprpeMWLuK3IrVMNnwRkTTEu9zB9kHbJkWqtFTqTPdamrovlJR3J4P0Mr_19Boqg>
its
own forecast by more than 70% to US$26 billion, with booster sales bringing
US$13 billion more.

*Profits over science*
Rich countries’ practices actually go against most scientific advice. The
case for boosters is not scientifically established. Most scientists do not
agree
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJw1kcuupCAQhp-m2WlA8MKCxWzmNUwJpTKjYKBs49sf2s5JCJf6668iX1kgXGK6zREzsc820n2gCXjlDYkwsTNjGr0zjewF77qeOaOcGNqB-TzOCXEHvxlKJ7LjnDZvgXwMj0OpQUi2mn7QDrS2rQWc5vJobTN0pQiKQdhh-jaG03kMFg2-Md0xINvMSnTkl_zzav6WdV1XHZ7ysC0YlwTH6m1t417EbB93uUEibzf8jZHPlKsMd2Xj27tK6GqKpSGmKq-xSJBKUhUQHbrqRloxYa6u9WbeNLwRXPOeD41qZS1qhdxCN2uQKIVq3TzLHoSzzjktLfKX4vvS1PmcMoH9__kcSybb9ZwJQlGXD68nXHCN5dzP4OkeMcC0ofuSpO9AHrbjggFTGZQbgYzopOBccq10333BFdSKaz30qmWlr4vFFcy_uEeH72M78w_wo6d5>
that
boosters are the best way to deal with new threats. Citing lack of credible
data
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJw1kcuupCAQhp-m2WlA8MKCxWzmNUwJpTKjYKBs49sf2s5JCJf6668iX1kgXGK6zREzsc820n2gCXjlDYkwsTNjGr0zjewF77qeOaOcGNqB-TzOCXEHvxlKJ7LjnDZvgXwMj0OpQUi2mn7QDrS2rQWc5vJobTN0pQiKQdhh-jaG03kMFg2-Md0xINvMSnTkl_zzav6WdV1XHZ7ysC0YlwTH6m1t417EbB93uUEibzf8jZHPlKsMd2Xj27tK6GqKpSGmKq-xSJBKUhUQHbrqRloxYa6u9WbeNLwRXPOeD41qZS1qhdxCN2uQKIVq3TzLHoSzzjktLfKX4vvS1PmcMoH9__kcSybb9ZwJQlGXD68nXHCN5dzP4OkeMcC0ofuSpO9AHrbjggFTGZQbgYzopOBccq10333BFdSKaz30qmWlr4vFFcy_uEeH72M78w_wo6d5>,
scientists have opposed boosters in reputable journals
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkEuOxCAMRE_TLCN-CWHBYjZzjYiASTNDIOLTrdx-6GQky5ZdKpX8jK6wpXyqI5WKPm2p5wEqwrsEqBUyagXy4q2iTBA8TQJZxS2Zxxn5srgMsGsfVM0N0NHW4I2uPsXLwflMGHoqbM1M12kknDsyCsAczDpKu07MGYbpHayb9RANKHhBPlMEFNSz1qM82NeDfvf60buOUN8p_w4m7Z9LajnqUP7FPlwLQefqTYC-UTEzyjjyimJKsMQCz5SPbCADB2z05KRmwAgfrXNMaGKNtVYyA_jB8b7RobS1VG2uQJRVMc_mqo5d3T6PX-f-99Ln3qKv5wJRrwHsjaTeZC9IywYRciduF10VmRjBmGHJpZhuAp0Zx1LOgo-o59rUXVH9pD1ZeB2hlT8I5pBl>,
including *Nature
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxtkcluxCAMhp9muE0EgSwcOPTS14gc7GRoE4hYpkqfvmTmWsmL_FuWrc8WMq0hnuYIKbMrTPk8yHj6SRvlTJGVRHFyaFo5CN73A0OjUIzdyFyalki0g9tMjoXYUebNWcgu-NeEUqOQ7GGGZaFOzS1XOGqtYByURa6F1NZ2KOm9GAo68pYMPSmewRPbzCPnI93kx639rLYTOmg85BKpsWGvUohudR62qwsr_DpPd0iJcqoKKtGN_Z234vJuvPf_is2BC3OmrSXXfOBjqzrZiEYRt9AvGiRJoTpcFjmAQIuIWlriN8X3tW1SmVMG-31dxKJJ9lGWDL521wvNS65kppr34l0-J_Iwb4RvaPnN_oVxWslTrD_BCbIRvRScS66VHvo3o0pVca0rwI7VvRjqlDdfYQ9Iz2Mr6Q-ziJfQ>*
.

On 6 August, the European Union’s drugs regulator
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkL1uxCAQhJ_m6M4Cg40pKJLimkhRmtQWhvWZBIPFz1l---C7SKtdNKtlRp9WGe4hHnILKaOzjfnYQHrYk4OcIaKSII7WyJZygvueIyOZIUM3IJvGOQKsyjqZYwG0lclZrbIN_nnB2EAoWiQfpsnA3M-4E5gK2uKWdEpNWguque5fxqoYC16DhAfEI3hATi45b-lC3y7trda-702EUlOlRoe1Kipmqx3UV0nXBZTLy1WHGLx62FilKdSfIV6t-f74eP9sb1-kr8HlmQALzPHQso42pGGAtepnoShQwjozz5QrYrQxpmYEfGF4vbdNKlPKSv-e9ijKpJcyZ-Xr9n5ieMqVwljnWrzNxwheTQ7MC1B-cX4iG-_gIVb-ZlRZkp4SjCkWTPB_HpUgw0IMnHWo-ppQr7z8CWsw8NhcSX-f6pau>
noted
not enough evidence to recommend COVID-19 vaccine boosters. A European
Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxNkc2O6yAMhZ-m7BJBICFZsJjNvEbkYKfh3gQiflr17Yc2sxgJ2ejY1jEfFjLdQ3yZM6TM3mHOr5OMp2faKWeKrCSKs0PTSS34MGiGRqEY-5G5NK-R6AC3mxwLsbMsu7OQXfCfCaVGIdlmFrv0UoOdek18XeRKch1W1Wu0CkDLyxgKOvKWDD0ovoIntpst5zPd5Net-67n-Xy2ZNG2VGI4oaYqkq_hj3NqEDJUzYaHw0ZMzVVsNoI9b42tLQ4p_jYDonvfYG8eYK3z1GBIlJgzHe8En7jmY6d62YpWEbcwrBNIkkL1uK71VQItIk7SEr8pfty7NpUlZbD_WxsOFk2yW1kz-Fq9v1l95LrTXPNRvMuvmTwsO-FFMV-f8eE638m_VyWcIRsxSMG55JOa9HBBq5gVn6ZRq55VXwx1ypt_4QhIj3Mv6QfZJqWq>
report
this month affirmed, “there is no urgent need” for booster shots except for
those in frail health.

The WHO noted on 18 August that current evidence does not support the case
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkL1uxCAQhJ_m6M4Cg40pKJLimkhRmtQWhvWZBIPFz1l---C7SKtdNKtlRp9WGe4hHnILKaOzjfnYQHrYk4OcIaKSII7WyJZygvueIyOZIUM3IJvGOQKsyjqZYwG0lclZrbIN_nnB2EAoWiQfpsnA3M-4E5gK2uKWdEpNWguque5fxqoYC16DhAfEI3hATi45b-lC3y7trda-702EUlOlRoe1Kipmqx3UV0nXBZTLy1WHGLx62FilKdSfIV6t-f74eP9sb1-kr8HlmQALzPHQso42pGGAtepnoShQwjozz5QrYrQxpmYEfGF4vbdNKlPKSv-e9ijKpJcyZ-Xr9n5ieMqVwljnWrzNxwheTQ7MC1B-cX4iG-_gIVb-ZlRZkp4SjCkWTPB_HpUgw0IMnHWo-ppQr7z8CWsw8NhcSX-f6pau>
for
booster shots. Scientists described official decisions approving third
booster shots as “shocking” and “criminal”
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkU2OwyAMhU9Tdqn4KwkLFrOZa0QUOw0zCURgOurth7QSsoXN41mfgyd85PJyR67EzjDT60CX8K9uSISFtYpljuCkGgU3ZmTgNIjpNrFY56Ug7j5ujkpDdrT7FoOnmNNbofUkFFudAQsaJ6VRLosZLRgrx6AMV1JKDv5j7BtETAEdPrG8ckK2uZXoqBf1dZHf_Sy5UEt4DXnvN8ml6InbM8geauh6ipXq8LfmocSwDuk9TR1CfkYY7rkbYRnqmvujUOIek996s6VePkqGFig-sX_GojsNuOUjn6S-qau4auTBm8V6hUroGyyLGr2AAABWBeQXzfeHvNZ2r-TD7zknK66GtS3kU-8-Tlbvckc197y3FOk1Y_L3DeFDkT7LeHOdH5iw9CXB7MkJowTnilttR_OB1jFrbu006hvrvpC7KrmfvGfA57G1-g-Qr6MW>.
When US authorities approved boosters, two top vaccine officials quit in
protest
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkUluxCAQRU_T7LCYPC1YZJNrWJgq3CQ2WAyxfPvQ3RL6lOpT-qWHNQW3mG59xlzIS5Zyn6gDXnnHUjCRmjEtHrSQI2fDMBLQCvjUT8TnxSXEw_hdl1SRnHXdvTXFx_CeUGrikjy1m5w0RjhkQqKUlis-QC8Mg9XZfuo_waaCx2BR4x-mOwYku36WcuaH_HqI73au6-rWmn3A3CR7wNS51Iyamwha4kkdGBqd89abPdOE2W8Bga7tcaBrbEGY6Lmb0LwzppKpYILTmXj9KtjMRjYJ1cuOdwqZNYObTduaqx6ck6PhYAFglhbZQ7FjE12uay7G_nY2HiTpbJ_VFROau73YvNsNzdLuowZf7gWDWXeED7Xygf_muGwYMLVPgcUUzQfJGZNsVvM4fCA1rIrN8zSqnrRciG0q6J94RMC_c6_5HxKtnnA>
.

Independent research
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkEmOhDAMRU9T2RXKRIZFFr3pa6BU4lDphoAyNOL2HQrJsi1b9td_zlaYt3yafSsVXWmq5w4mwVEWqBUyagXyFL2hTBIshETecE_UqFAsU8gAq42LqbkB2ttric7WuKXPBeeKMPQ2HiAI5dkonAtgpQvKUjZaopQWitJb2DYfITkw8Af53BKgxbxr3cuDfT3od4_jOIZka8swuG3tA5trdAuU3hZORiWemJInZpKpJ50yBMjXx2H3AUVD-xJrLLGifGQDGThgZ0XQlgEjfPQhMGmJd957zRzgB8frTIfSXqVa93uJomyKe7dQberb-fL-GXfrU69rS7GeEyT7WsDfVOoN98NpmiFB7tD9ZKshghGMGdZcS3FD6Ng41lpJPqKu67d-lczPtm4e_vallX9Bm5C2>
on
Pfizer’s two-dose vaccine suggests it provides long-term immunity for years
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkU2OhCAQhU_T7DAgKLJgMZu5hkEolRkFA4WTvv3Q3UnlVVJ_L_nKWYQt5ae5UkHykhmfF5gIf-UARMikFshz8KYXirNxVMQb6fk0TCSUec0Apw2HwVyBXHU5grMYUnxvSDlxQXYjrZoY6MEx34-r4r0YVsmEcFKO6yDlx9hWHyA6MHBDfqYI5DA74lUe4uvRf7fwIYPDlMtypK2LYe-2dLd6z3reElNNuGhy5mjpbZ0LEQp1qR6eXtb90jNloBfkEgpCRHrV6HZqNxtiwTZ4B0-5prjb2CTVbcd2jgTzsmCaKTb1chAd7yQwZ8dVWwGCy8Gvq1CWe-e918IBe0h2bn1X6lKwOXcunSSb4va6oo2tu724vcsN29zyWWPA5wzRLgf4D1H8PObNeN4gQm4P87NFw0fBGRNMS63GD8CGXDKtJyUH0nx9alvR_KQzebivo5Z_KT-l8A>,
contrary to the company’s latest claims. Also using mRNA technology,
Moderna’s vaccine should have similar longer-term efficacy
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkU2OhCAQhU_T7DAgKLJgMZu5hkEolRkFA4WTvv3Q3UnlVVJ_L_nKWYQt5ae5UkHykhmfF5gIf-UARMikFshz8KYXirNxVMQb6fk0TCSUec0Apw2HwVyBXHU5grMYUnxvSDlxQXYjrZoY6MEx34-r4r0YVsmEcFKO6yDlx9hWHyA6MHBDfqYI5DA74lUe4uvRf7fwIYPDlMtypK2LYe-2dLd6z3reElNNuGhy5mjpbZ0LEQp1qR6eXtb90jNloBfkEgpCRHrV6HZqNxtiwTZ4B0-5prjb2CTVbcd2jgTzsmCaKTb1chAd7yQwZ8dVWwGCy8Gvq1CWe-e918IBe0h2bn1X6lKwOXcunSSb4va6oo2tu724vcsN29zyWWPA5wzRLgf4D1H8PObNeN4gQm4P87NFw0fBGRNMS63GD8CGXDKtJyUH0nx9alvR_KQzebivo5Z_KT-l8A>
.

As COVID-19 vaccines are still new, such expectations remain subject to
confirmation. As with most vaccines, ‘memory response
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkU2OhCAQhU_T7DAgKLJgMZu5hkEolRkFA4WTvv3Q3UnlVVJ_L_nKWYQt5ae5UkHykhmfF5gIf-UARMikFshz8KYXirNxVMQb6fk0TCSUec0Apw2HwVyBXHU5grMYUnxvSDlxQXYjrZoY6MEx34-r4r0YVsmEcFKO6yDlx9hWHyA6MHBDfqYI5DA74lUe4uvRf7fwIYPDlMtypK2LYe-2dLd6z3reElNNuGhy5mjpbZ0LEQp1qR6eXtb90jNloBfkEgpCRHrV6HZqNxtiwTZ4B0-5prjb2CTVbcd2jgTzsmCaKTb1chAd7yQwZ8dVWwGCy8Gvq1CWe-e918IBe0h2bn1X6lKwOXcunSSb4va6oo2tu724vcsN29zyWWPA5wzRLgf4D1H8PObNeN4gQm4P87NFw0fBGRNMS63GD8CGXDKtJyUH0nx9alvR_KQzebivo5Z_KT-l8A>’
triggers antibody protection when someone vaccinated is infected, even
after natural response levels have waned.

Perhaps most worryingly, as big pharmaceutical companies transform their
business strategies to generate more profits from boosters, their
incentives change. They have less reason to develop vaccines fully
immunizing against the COVID-19 virus, or even to ensure that everyone is
vaccinated.

*Apartheid booster*
Supplying boosters reduces vaccines available to others. Supplies to poorer
countries have already been greatly reduced by rich countries securing many
times more than what their populations need.

Some have even abused
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVkU1uxCAMhU8z7BJBYJKwYNFNrxE5YBLaBCJ-ZpqevmRmVcmypQfPtj5ryLiEeKojpEyuNOXzQOXxmTbMGSMpCePkjOr4wGjfD8QoYdh4H4lLk42IO7hN5ViQHGXenIbsgn85hBgZJ6uSqLllHKgRRnbSdoKJnmKvByr0TMf3YCjGodeo8IHxDB7Jptacj3TjH7fus8bz-WzzikuBaBz4Voe9qlBSjrA5aK6tq9DRjr30pWY2_PtyWPeLsTlK1CskbGwMe_MArZ3HJq0QnV8aHR7w06Qc9PfhNmyKN9VjXUTi1NWdSjrQsRN33rJWINXQWwkcORN3Yy0fgBltjJFcI70Jui9dm8qcMujva2sSVdJrsRl8fV0ugi-5Apxq3Yt3-ZzQw7yhebPN7xO9aE8Leoz1dGaCrFjPGaWcSiGH_o2ywhdUynEQd1LnmlBdXn2FPRh8HFtJf4kqq9M>
COVAX,
purportedly designed for equitable distribution to poorer countries. COVAX
aimed to deliver a billion vaccine doses in 2021, but had only delivered
217 million by August, according to UNICEF
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkMuOwyAMRb-m7BpBIA8WLGYzvxER20mZSSDikSp_P7QdybItW1fXPmAzrSFe5ggps1ea8nWQ8fRMG-VMkZVEcXJoWjkI3vcDQ6NQjN3IXJqWSLRbt5kcC7GjzJsDm13wb4VSo5DsYRCkgFkvBAIBceg6qUG3NPajxkX2H2Nb0JEHMnRSvIIntplHzke6ya9b-13j-Xw2xTugpQlxrYNUjmO7agPhdHgX-n5aAOfpvtv4S_mONj3mYCMyZ1reCq75wMdWdbIRjSIOtl-0lSSF6nBZ5GDfF6KWQPym-L62TSpzyhZ-Gwg7iybBoyzZ-rpdX6-_x_Xzqda9XpevibydN8IPlPxh-8Y0reQpVuY42WxELwXnkmulh38GlZriWo-D6lj1xVBV3vyEPSCdx1bSHyRpkyk>
.

Meanwhile, many rich country governments continue to block
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkE1uhDAMhU8z2RU5JJCwyKKbXgOF2MzQQoLyM4jbNwySZcu2rOf3OZvpGeJp9pAyu9KYz52MpyOtlDNFVhLFcUHTCsWh7xVDI5HrTrMljXMk2uyymhwLsb1M6-JsXoL_XEipuWAvQxIQiPjEHUIrtcZu5r1GVJIcdeIWtgUX8o4MvSmewRNbzSvnPT3E96P9qXEcRzNNrnFhq9314zUMccUvKjHs9NUp4AKGni2mhZbDAAp0KzvR8EYSONvPgxUkuOxwnoWyHB0iDsIRPCRsz7ZJZUrZur9LhUWT3KvM2fq6fV5OP-NqdKx1K37J50jeTivhzSDfKD9Uxid5ihUxjjYb3gsOUL-Tg-pvyxWShGHQSnas6mKoV978hi0gvfe1pH9uh4sL>
the
request to the World Trade Organization to temporarily suspend COVID-19
related intellectual property rights. This waiver would enable developing
countries to affordably produce tests, vaccines, treatments, equipment and
other such needs.

Earlier, Big Pharma leaders rejected as “nonsense
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcuOwyAMRb-m7BJBIA8WLGYzvxE54CRMCSAerfr3Q1vJMnDRtfFBQ8EjpJeKIRfyTmt5RVQen9lhKZhIzZhWa9TAZ0anaSZGCcOWcSE2r3tCvMA6VVJFEuvmrIZig_84hFgYJ6cyWguBiDOb2DyCHtnIqJaT3KdtasK3MVRj0WtU-MD0Ch6JU2cpMd_4z234bfF8PvuCDo8E8ex16Ou9qYcLG7juRHDlbOesP2U68KYzNiNkbGpsk_rSxRBcS--9bSYdHtZ0THYxBVN1yZ0PPmOLLp6QLugcgsGUWwVi1UAHRiWd6TKIkfesF0g1TLsEjpyJ0ew7n4EZbYyRXCO9CXodQ5_rlgvoe3vzRZLK-qx7Ad9ujze9j9zgrW29qrfltaKHzaH5ci3f7_mQXg_0mNowZoWi2MQZpZxKIefpi7GBF1TKZRYjaX1NaC6v_sIVDD6iq_kfCn-rQw>”
WHO’s C-TAP
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkM2OhSAMhZ_mstPwJ8KCxWzmNUwvVGVGwQhqfPthrknTpm1OTvs5KDil_bZbyoX8p6HcG9qIV16wFNzJkXEfgrdc9Iwq1RNvpWe60yTkYdwRVwiLLfuBZDveS3BQQoofhZSaCTLbqutcp3WvQEulGQekagQuQXXd2ONjDIcPGB1aPHG_U0Sy2LmULb_E14t_17iuq73m1IZYahdiKKGanZhr59IZfMNMU9DNMS1puhtwDnNutpQWEiynnFFDe6q57ETLWonUgRoNCBRMdn4cRQ_MO--9EQ7pS9J14m0-3rmA-21dWslus5uPsUCs2-n_9c-4fj7Uuh71pnvACO8F_QOlPGw_mIYJI-6VuR-gWKYEo1RQI02vHgaVmqTG6F52pPr6VFXR_qQ1eTy35ch_0MySMQ>
initiative
to share technologies and research knowledge to accelerate affordable
production of and access to such technologies.

*Vaccine equity necessary*
There is also a practical reason to seek vaccine equity. We are all safer
when everyone is vaccinated. New, more vaccine-resistant variants are
emerging
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkd3OpCAMhq9mONPwp-gBB3uyt2GQVoddBQNl3Ln75ZtJSGnf5k3hqXeEe8pve6VC7Ccs9L7QRrzLgUSYWS2YlwBWKiP4OBoGVoOYhomFsmwZ8XThsJQrsquuR_COQoofh9aTUOxph3WTmzEghZyd8tM0cS7U6rT0fALjv4NdhYDRo8UX5neKyA77JLrKQ_16yN_t3Pfdp3-bO_uU91ZjbOHKWEqX8UBXsDSB7tTRM2QoHV4B8AzpSHsoVLrb5didlT5PLJ1P9YBmjYC58zW3jJr4CtC9nPchYmHBSi4Fn7nhk9SD6kWvkXs3bu0rqIQeYNuUcQI8AMzKI39ofu6yL3Ut5Pzf3qeTZVv8s27kYuvuP8g-ciO2tPusMdB7wejWA-ELk747-eBddoyY265gcWTFqATnis96NuOXXaOt-TxPRg-szYXUXNH-SWcCfF1HLf8BdfyoiQ>,
endangering everyone.

Rich countries protecting their own citizens will not prevent new mutants
from emerging. New infections risk triggering a resurgence, or worse, with
new, more dangerous mutations.

The Delta variant
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkEluhDAQRU_T3gV5wuCFF9nkGqjaLmgnYCMPjbh93CDVpCqVvv6zUHCJ6TR7zIV8ylTOHU3AI69YCiZSM6bJO8PFwKhSA3FGOjb2I_F5mhPiBn41JVUke32u3kLxMVwfUo5MkJcRVg_KgnVScwkjVQMqi4ryHriwwG5hqM5jsGjwjemMAclqXqXs-SG-H_ynxXEcXYBSE3Y2bm0BqXi7Ym6jk6wf1Rfl7JNUfzHiDb9GOtCRy150rJNILahZg0DBZO_mWQzAnHXOaWGRPiTdFt7l-swF7N9HhiST7avOBUK7Lh-317qZnVrfavDlnDDAc0V3cyg3zovMtGDA1DC7CYphSjBKBdWyEbltN1CSaj0OsidN18X2Fcxv3KLD977W_A8iIoqs>,
first reported in India in late 2020, surged in March as few there had been
vaccinated. Ironically, the Serum Institute of India has the world’s
largest vaccine production capacity by far, but largely underutilised for
COVID-19 vaccines.

The IMF warns
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcuOrCAQhp-m2Wm4KbpgMZuzPK9gEAqbGQUDxZh--8HuhPx_FaQu-bAGYUv5pc9UkNyy4OsEHeEqOyBCJrVAXoLTXChGx1ERp6Vj0zCRUBafAQ4Tdo25AjnrugdrMKT4rpByYoI8NawK-DgYZbiBaW2dpGQe6LpKkMMgP4NNdQGiBQ2_kF8pAtn1E_EsD_H14P_aua6rD4fvU95aBrHJ_7Zos6-Mwe5wh5xy1oyqO74FM1VccdZhNrHYHE7sku_wCd2V8u46sCmmI9guVdxT-unq6RqX7sxQSrfmAD7EjQR9t6YzVXTichA96yVQa0Y_GwGCycF5L5RhzjrnZmGBPiQ9Nt6XuhY09qe36SBZF_usHk1sr9sN733d2C3NjxoDvhaIZt3BfbDi53feoJcNIuS2nVsMajYKRqmgs5zV-KHYuEs6z5OSA2lzXWpVUX-nIzn4Pfda_gAyU6da>
highly
infectious variants could derail economic recovery, cutting global output
by US$4.5 trillion by 2025. But the Economist Intelligence Unit estimated
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcGOhCAMhp9muGlAUPTAYS_7GgahKrsILpSZ-PaLMwn8BZrSP1-NRthiutQZM5JbZrxOUAFe2QMiJFIypNlZ1XHJ6DBIYpWwbOxH4vK8JoBDO68wFSBnWbwzGl0M7wohRsbJrgZtBxj4IOXYWd2ZzvR2pSAXzSfZs-XTWBfrIBhQ8IR0xQDEqx3xzA_-9ei-63q9Xq0Ji2lNPOq1ox2rgY73WVZ5amNcgKbuv6K9w6sxsXhbNWODOzSbj4v2DZgY4nE1mJz31W1uEpwxYbvj4YlT9890opKOneh5y1oB1OhhnTQHzkR1v3KpmTXW2okboA9Bj61rc1kyavN7GyRJZbOXFXWo2e2m9H6ukOYajxKqvxmCXjzYDz_8jOFNdN4gQKrjsbNGxQbOKOV0EpMcPrgqYEGnaZSiJ7WvjbUqqJ94RAvP05f8D-7poRQ>
the
world economy could lose US$2.3 trillion in 2021 alone due to delayed
vaccinations, with developing nations losing most.

For the WHO DG
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJw1kc2OrCAQhZ-m2Wn4E2TBYjbzGgahtLlXweGnjW8_2J1JKA4FOTmVD2sKrDFd-oi5oHubynWADnDmDUqBhGqGNHmnKZMECyGR09yRcRiRz9OSAHbjN11SBXTUefPWFB_D28H5SBh6ajFwAVJZoIIINmJM1Sip5IZgZkcpPsGmOg_BgoYXpCsGQJt-lnLkB_t60O-2zvPsz2fsfSitu2ds4gvsTSjtsOwopqR7GWt9gK7VT_Xl6mpwkHYffFi7dYuz2TqwMcTd2y61052HvL7NWGGJR8oH1pOeA7ZGLMowYIQPblmYNMRZ55xiFvCD432lfa5zLsb-723cUdLZPutSTGiv683mfd3QTE33GtpAEwQzb-A-1MoH_pvjtEKA1D7FTaboBotgzLDi6g9Sw8qxavj4gFqui80V9L-4RwevY6v5F_djnFE>,
“Vaccine inequity is the world’s biggest obstacle to ending this pandemic
and recovering from COVID-19….Economically, epidemiologically and morally,
it is in all countries’ best interest to use the latest available data to
make lifesaving vaccines available to all”.

*Related IPS Articles*

·                European Duplicity Undermines Anti-Pandemic Efforts
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkc2u4yAMhZ-m7BLxl78Fi7uZ14gImJaZBBCYW_Xtx20lZEsHHfvos7MI91xfpuSG7F12fBUwCZ7tBESorDeoe_RGqkXweV6YN9qLdVpZbHuoAJeNp8HagZV-nNFZjDl9HFqvQrGHEVbNh5WOS2GFh0MeyxrkxP2xOsmD-C623UdIDgz8Qn3lBOw0D8RyUz83-Yfe8_kcY2nvbGMCJEXSRGp8oQK95gI2Db4XShHxNfTkoV4xQRtswjgUS8IV3QAh5IqNXCya9xC-8YWvUk9qFKMG7uwcNqtACT35ENRCuZ33flMO-E3z6y7H1o-G1v0bXb5YNc09ekCb6Pf-RvKRichO_eqJ8uyQ7HGC_8LCL_MPvv0OCSrdwu8WjZiV4FzxTW_L_GVDNDXftnXRE6O9PpMrmb_5yh5-y9nbf2ozmpA>

·                Rich Country Hypocrisy Exposed by Vaccine Inequities
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcuO6yAMhp-m7BJBICEsWMzmvEbExWmYSSAHTDt5-6Gt5Itk67etz84g3FO-9JkKkldY8DpBR3iWHRAhk1ogL8HrgUtGp0kSr4Vn8ziTUJY1Axwm7BpzBXJWuwdnMKT4VggxM042DYzNVlkvR8Fmb8Fau3qq1DgoKWCwn8Wm-gDRgYYH5CtFILveEM8b_7oN_5o9n88-nOV1Wx8BW2WgA2uJyhZycFvnUo2Yr267zuRyKFcHv204-O5hnAsRuub_a8AApWlI0K8RVFFJ50GMvGe9AOrMtCrDgTMx-nXl0jDvvPeKO6A3QY_70JdqCxr307t0kKyL2-qKJrbu_QXkXW48lpaPGgNeC0Rjd_AfVPgh_oa33CFCbp_wi0HNJs4o5VQJJacPmcZSNFyzFCNpe31qqqi_05E8PM69lj93Ypoc>

·                End Vaccine Apartheid Before Millions More Die
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkM2urSAMhZ9mM9uGPxUGDM7kvoZBWpVzFAzgNr79xW3StMlqV9t8zhacY7rMHnMhdxrKtaMJeOYVS8FEjoxp8GC46Bntup6AkcBUq4jPw5QQN-tXU9KBZD_G1TtbfAxfh5SKCbIYhQCCAufOad12bTfiZMd-AiV4Pyr1HLYHeAwODX4wXTEgWc1Syv4SPy_-r8Z5no3f8_1bE7BUhVPOaqGiJgzw_ljnfMC33W0qC3p4b35d6zv5XXfXIeLN7aGa9lRx2YqGNRKps92krUDBZAvTJHrLwAGAFg7pS9Jt5k0-xlys-2tc3Egy2S3HVGyo3fkm8JUrgKHW7Qi-XAMGO64ID5vyIP7SGmYMmCp6GGwxrBOMUkG11H33oKjwJNVa9bIl9S7E6grmN24R8LOvR_4PV8iTnA>

·                Intellectual Property Monopolies Block Vaccine Access
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcuu6yAMRb-mzBLxyoMBgzu5vxERcFrOIYDAtMrfH9pKlrdka9vWsjUI91QunVNF8k4bXhl0hFcNgAiFtApl805zsTA6zwtxWjq2TivxdTsKwGl80FgakNz24K1Bn-LHIeXKBHlovju5CObkvKiZ8QlmcajVOCncfgh2fBeb5jxECxqeUK4UgQT9QMw38e_G__d4vV6jz_V92xgBe4VTTrsw3pOPCCGAxWbCkEvKUPAazhRTTsFDHfaQ7O_wNNb6CEMXqLX7iNd9DKOKLnTlchIjGyVQa-ZDGQGCyckdh1gMc9Y5p4QFepP0vPOxtr2isb-jTScputpHO9DE3r2_oXzKncnW9WzR47VBNHsA98WFX-ofgNsdIpT-DbcZ1GwWjFJBlVTL_KXTeUqq1LrIifS9LnVX1D_pTA6eObT6BzdXmvg>

·                Politics, Profits Undermine Public Interest in Covid-19
Vaccine Race
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcuO6yAMhp-m7BJxy4UFi9mc14godlpmEojApOrbH9pIli0ZbP_-7B3hI-W3PVIh9nELvQ-0EV9lQyLMrBbMSwAr1ST4OE4MrAYxDzMLZVkz4u7CZilXZEe9b8E7Cil-K7SehWJPCxLRGJCjk4MbZbNJuRVwxrte-QjXYFchYPRo8cT8ThHZZp9Ex0393OS_Zq_Xqw9H-WjrI1LLSC55C3xo7khboOBLd-S0BipdjYB5DxG7S1cXYtsHC3U-nQE6YbrTef_5kJ3H1oIF2zoKbvjEZ6kH1YteI_duXI1TqIQeYF3V5AR4ADDKI79pvj9kX-q9kPN_vU87y7b4Z13Jxfb6-PD5ppuMpcW9xkDvBaO7bwgXOboO8GW5PDBiboeBxZEVoxKcK260mcYLVEOruTHzpAfW5kJqVdH-pj0BnsdWy3_SQJ8r>

·                West First Policies Expose Myths
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkNuOhCAMhp9muBsDggcuuNibfQ2DtDrsKhio4_r2i2PStEnbv4fPWcI5ptNsMRO73EDnhibgkRckwsT2jGnwYGrZCd62HQOjQPRNz3wepoS4Wr8YSjuybR8X7yz5GD4KpXoh2ctMumlqXk8wYlc32I66acGOeuS2BpD8Xmx38BgcGnxjOmNAtpgX0faQX4_6u9hxHJXf8nVbFZBKpgzlJXB5VTHTc_Kp-C2WMzzmJ_6VyfhcT3rl0sK8KQrBNe94X6tGVqJSyJ1tJ20lSqEamCbZWQEOALR0yB-Kr3Nd5X3MZN1v5eLKksnutU9kQ6nO1_-fdHl_KHHdg6dzwGDHBeEmQzfgD6thxoCpgIfBkhGtFJxLrpXu2htEQae41n2nGlb2QiyqYH7iGgHf27Lnf1wQkzQ>

https://www.ksjomo.org/post/end-vaccine-apartheid
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkEmOhDAMRU9T2RXKxJBFFr3pa6AQGypdkKAMhbh9B0qybMnW99d_1mRcQjz1HlImVxvzuaP2eKQVc8ZISsI4OtBc9Ix2XU9AS2BDOxCXxjkibsatOseCZC_T6qzJLvhbIeXABHlpSYELxhUaIdHAgJxN3E6qh8kCr59uY1PAobeo8YPxDB7Jql857-khfh78t9ZxHM07_YUtNCEudXHp6kAPz4-x1nl8mt3E_EIHxGlOOaOK9nTgshUNayRSa7pZGYGCyRbmWfSGgQUAJSzSh6TbwptUppSNfTc2bCTqZF9lzsbX63KFvdc161jnVrzL54jeTCvCF0P-0rzBjAt6jJUyjCZr1glGqaBKqr77pq6cJFVq6GVLqi-EqvL6ygj42deS_gGXx43r>

http://ipsnews.net/2021/09/end-vaccine-apartheid
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkN2OhCAMhZ9muBsDAioXXOzNvoZBWhx2FQw_s_HtF8ekaUPbk3I-awquMZ36iLmQK83lPFAH_MsbloKJ1Ixp9qB7PjI6DCMBLYBNciI-zy4h7sZvuqSK5KjL5q0pPoaPQoiJcfLSywCup1MTKzlaIznwXi5KcuaUZc7dh00Fj8GixjemMwYkm36Vcjz416P_buGPfP2rC1jaq6c9a4WqljDA822s9QGf5jCpvNAD8fraoYqOdOqF5B3rBFJrBqcMR86EBOf4aBhYAFDcIn0Iuq99l-uSi7G_nY07STrbV3XFhDZdL7efdjM7t7rX4Ms5YzDLhnBzKDfOD5l5xYCpYYbZFM0GzijlVAk1DrftBkpQpaZRSNLuQmyqoH_iHgHfx1bzP-vli-s>
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUtuO2jAQ_RryBnJs5_aQB7RZ2iACBbVQ9iVy7AkYclNsw4avXwdaqZWsGc2Mz1wPZxpObT_EXau0M4pcDx3EDdxVBVpD7xgFfS5FjEngIt8PHBFT4YZe6EiVlz1AzWQV696A05mikpxp2TZPBKWhS5xzjBDlYchwwFgpPOEHEHqC-RAVZRAKXLwKMyMkNBxiuEE_tA04VXzWulMTMp_ghX2Xtm4F3LrKqJkyhdKMX2e8rW2IddLKm2vFmMyqZ1_THhgf-5mQhW6vYHUCw9LleD_8xtU1vbRD9uCfWXLE6-Eu-bfoIRZR9_GW-utk7m1-nsg6-aXSZlkdD2vEDpGxGEk7fE3lXbLDAln7c33JbI75I0uuaPW27DjJ5EYu7-KQ6uyyRZvk_TH-52QvRzyv9-cj2XUFprLcztBqOt3VehtmnmpX8vuHPBz3P_w94tN3kaqgI8F0Va93Ikgn2De6zlVreg52mr97-OOvQUhTj1OO4zsyxgi7KEIBCjH1yMydUUCc-WXECBCXeqIsScBcwYUQEeGAJhTVJ_zffp0-VvxsSs0aGz2NmZ9ue-_c6to0Ug85NKyoQLyooF-MenaRn6CB3jJN5EzHrk9chAiKaBT4r8tbrlAURWFAPcfWFa1FNfE_1_4C6fbltQ>
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<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVktuO2jAQhp-G3C3yKaeLXFDottluUm0FaNmbyLEnxJA4aewA4elroJW2km3J33g8mn9-wS3su2FK-s5Y73YUduoh0XA2DVgLgzcaGAolE0JDjIIg9GTCJI78yFOmqAaAlqsmscMIXj-WjRLcqk7fMxiLMPXqxK-w8GPGCK5wjFBAZIliTMMylBJFiD4K81Eq0AISOMEwdRq8Jqmt7c2MLmbk2a1D13YSTn0zmrkZS2O5OM5F17pQ7zZo-XTiQigNT7zng61ByRl9Hm1bmG4cBMzo6l_ejAQ33oJUY-v4vY2_UHTagra31zUfwFEubk19ArY7wu0O0wsWZDu9k-aYHropu4pLttqRfDor8S2-yue4_1imQb5a-D_Xe5qvNiZtm1o6lq1312y9OGfXhZ8vz4q_51f3hxLft-p1naJ8tb9kU2pSneOdSoNUfzkJ-mZFu6139FdfEqaqt_mPZZHqNmSbxTsJX5uSbMIXsTl8_WjfVr_jehmV4-WypIHNjKcSgghGMQpRRJhP53jOAAkeVDGnQDHzZVXRkGMppJQxFYBmDLV78p_e3pAYUY-V5dpF9zfl7tjN32nXtqNWdipA87IB-bCGfTjsrnKxBw2Dc54suE1wQDFCFMUsDoOHE5x3GIrjKGS-5-rKzmXp5NP0_wCEzusZ>
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