PHM-Exch> IP, Vaccine Imperialism Cause Death and Suffering, Delay Recovery

Tue Feb 16 01:44:07 PST 2021

From: Jomo from Challenging Development+ <jomodevplus at substack.com>

Vaccine developers’ refusal to share publicly funded vaccine research
findings is stalling broader, affordable vaccinations which would more
rapidly contain COVID-19
contagion. ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌
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IP, Vaccine Imperialism Cause Death and Suffering, Delay Recovery
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVksuOmzAUhp8m7BLhC7eFF01pJrQlo7RRNOkGGfsAnoBB2GQGnr5OsmmlY1v-z032dwS3UPfjzIbeWO--FXYegGn4MC1YC6M3GRgLJRkmEfLDMPIkoxLFQewpU1QjQMdVy-w4gTdMZasEt6rXjwxKY0S8hiFKOdAoSWhV0aj0q8THPCAiKTHiQiTPxnySCrQABjcY516D17LG2sGsyJcV3jl777tewm1oJ7MxU2ksF9eN6DvnGtxSw_rmyikNa9UNMCreKtOtBXdPWEvgtlmRne2voFckhfk7Evg8v-H2mr33c76Izzy94MP8ocRLsshdMvz5moX5kqHXU47yU22yrm3kXTtdPvPliA-L0108fzssroYS-7P6ecr8Q1p_5nNmMn1AF5WFmd7eBDla0Z2bC_k1lJiq6rjR-yNN9yj-Zv00uDWHuM_lcTu-YJH-RvX5B1ZkG6DwtQLjKYZ9jJyFfoIxwRu0kbIMK0qIICXhMkykcwkuInB3gSqxon5X4_8-yhuZEc1UWa6dt76Te8gOXOHObtLKzgVoXrYgn0ztczQelIsaNIxuZGTBLUMhIjSMSECJHzwROugEBwkJUOy5vrJ3WZr9g-0vFxzScA>Vaccine
developers’ refusal to share publicly funded vaccine research findings is
stalling broader, affordable vaccinations which would more rapidly contain
COVID-19 contagion.

<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVkE1uxCAMhU8z7BoBJoQsWMym14gIOBnaBCJ-psrty0w2rWQZzLOx3mdNwTWmUx8xF_JKUzkP1AF_8oalYCI1Y5q80xwGRqUciNPCMdUr4vO0JMTd-E2XVJEcdd68NcXH8J4QQjEgDy2NZP24cGW4GJ2ZFwpcOWUYtwtVxl6LTXUeg0WNT0xnDEg2_SjlyDe43_hni6-4R4fPY6u5y3XOxdjvzsa9SQfGY8N2UTDQAcTHq5d4zSlnLSQdOQfesc65WS4CwMIMxsnRNckaO2CrLVvsTdB95f--J0ln-6hLMaGp68vv-7nZndq51-DLOWEw84buIlEuoG8204oBUwPtJlM0kwyEHKAXQPvLeEMFvB-hZ4q0vS62qaD_mP0FVUSNtg>
Jomo
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVkE1uxCAMhU8z7BoBJoQsWMym14gIOBnaBCJ-psrty0w2rWQZzLOx3mdNwTWmUx8xF_JKUzkP1AF_8oalYCI1Y5q80xwGRqUciNPCMdUr4vO0JMTd-E2XVJEcdd68NcXH8J4QQjEgDy2NZP24cGW4GJ2ZFwpcOWUYtwtVxl6LTXUeg0WNT0xnDEg2_SjlyDe43_hni6-4R4fPY6u5y3XOxdjvzsa9SQfGY8N2UTDQAcTHq5d4zSlnLSQdOQfesc65WS4CwMIMxsnRNckaO2CrLVvsTdB95f--J0ln-6hLMaGp68vv-7nZndq51-DLOWEw84buIlEuoG8204oBUwPtJlM0kwyEHKAXQPvLeEMFvB-hZ4q0vS62qaD_mP0FVUSNtg>
Feb 16
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUtmumzAQ_Zrw1gjbLOGBh_bmUhFdktwtKX1Bxh6ICVuNnQS-viZppVayZjQzPrMeRhWUnRzDvhuUNYtMjT2ELVyHGpQCaekBZCZ4iImPbM_zLR46HK3clSWGrJAADRV1qKQGq9d5LRhVomvvCMdZIWKdwtwt_CLwGDgMViRATuEbi-ZBEfjYQ6tHYaq5gJZBCBeQY9eCVYcnpfphQb4ucGRe1TUdh0tf62E56HxQlJ2XrGtMiPbCyAsyYk5m1L2vLxIom_tZkEh1ZzB6DeMGMXwYf-D6HFfdmEzslqxTvB2vgn0PJh4F_c-n2EumGO0-EpR8lEPcbur0uLXpMdAGI5wen2NxFfQY2ca-bavnabtOSTJ9Ti9Pm56RROzE5sqPsUqqV3u3fp7m_4wcxIxnzeGUkrc-x44oXpdVxve_Bla8H8bqbS-7VN5kpEn9vkffPpuX9JSUgV8Bj5zzAntaNdnQacnATPN3D3_8DXChm3nKeXxLhNjGyDzPDjAmeImWnOde4RDCSE4o9wJuQowyH4zNUMEWjt2U-L_9WjIc2EkXirYmWs6Z725z78zoRrdCjRm0NK-BP6igHoy6d5GV0II0TOMZVSHyEHE8n7gOsd3H5Q1XCHYD4hoqmLq8M6g2_OfavwHrNufO>
[image:
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<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVUl1v2yAU_TXxWyIDNiEPfliXtfU2p8oWRc1eLAzXNq0By-C0zq8fTlppky5InPt1LvcI7qGxw5T11vlovko_9ZAZeHMdeA9DNDoYSiUzTNYopnQdySyRiKUsUq6sBwDNVZf5YYSoH6tOCe6VNdeMJGGIRG3GiESEsXrNkEQg4woSGjPGJKVIxgncGvNRKjACMjjDMFkDUZe13vduQb4s8H2wF6uthHPfjW7lxsp5Ll5Xwurg6sNR_fLMhVAGlkr3MCjeKaeXgocRlhK4bxfk3ttXMAuyhek7Evg4PePuNX-xU3ER78X2hHfTmxIPm4u83_R_vua0uOTo6VCg4tC4XHetnLHD6b247PHuEvAQz593l1BDicej-nnI4922eS-m3OVmh04qp7m5Owuy90If2xP51Vc4UfV-ZR73yfYRsW8-3qbndsdsIfd3wwMW29-oOf7AityliD7V4BaYjl6Xzo6DgMD-c_oPXINUo56nmpfxAQprPBg_R7d8gIByMa_mE4hUhmOMgtF4gzHBK7SSsqJ1QoggFeGSbmRwCS7WEN4C1WKRxLrB_31-NGROtGPtuQneZiZwhYMYAgWtR6P8VILhVQfyphN_k9uVbNmAgSHIUJbcZ4giktA1SRMSpzdZBCERnG5IilgU-kobskz2jxT-AgAq7_Y>

*IP, Vaccine Imperialism Cause Death and Suffering, Delay Recovery*

By Anis Chowdhury
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkM2OhSAMhZ_mshvDn6gLFrOZ1zAIVZlRMFCu8e0Hr0kD7Wma9nzWICwxXfqIGcn9jHgdoAOceQNESKRkSKN3mouOUaU64rR0rG974vM4J4Dd-E1jKkCOMm3eGvQxfCak7Jkgq1bUuYHOYrB8psBNy4RtGQduGedyGp7FpjgPwYKGN6QrBiCbXhGPl_h-8Z8a53k2_sj3bU0ArIopuMZ0J8HnL7vG060lXVUgXnPKWQ1FB84Fb1jj3KRmKYQVkzBODa62rLEd1Nqy2b4k3Rfe5DJlNPavsXEnSWe7lhlNqN3ltvqRq9Ox_nsJHq8Rgpk2cA8EfFh-sIwLBEiVsRsNaqaYkKoTrRS0fTxXSoK3g2hZT-peF-tU0L9xjw7ex1byP43hjEI>
 and Jomo Kwame Sundaram
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkNuOhCAMhp9muBsjB3G84GJv9jUMh6rsKBgoY3z7xTFpoP2bpv0_qxHmmE61x4zkekY8d1ABjrwCIiRSMqTRO8V4T1spe-KUcPTVvYjP45QANu1XhakA2YtZvdXoY_hOCPGinCxqknpogU-SCTO51rBuMMMg5WQkAwHuXqyL8xAsKPhAOmMAsqoFcX_wnwf7rXEcR-P3fN3WBMCq6IJLTDX5i1t8vg-9wTOX4HTSW1WJV6xltIZsB8Y4a2jjnJGT4Nxyw7WTg6stq20PtbZ0sg_RbjNrcjEZtX03Nm4kqWyXMqEOtTtffr9ytTvWfyvB4zlC0GYFd5PAG-iXzThDgFRBu1GjopJyIXveCd52t_GKilckvKMvUve6WKeCuiw5-Oxryf89H46->

Vaccine developers’ refusal to share publicly funded vaccine research
findings is stalling broader, affordable vaccinations which would more
rapidly contain COVID-19 contagion. The pandemic had infected at least 109
million people worldwide, causing over 2.4 million deaths as of
mid-February.

Avoidable delays in preventive vaccination are imposing terrible burdens on
the world economy and human welfare, with economic disruption demanding
more relief and recovery measures. They have cost US$28 trillion in lost
output
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkUGOwyAMRU9Tdo0CTki6YDGbuUZEwEmZJhCBadTbj9tK1rex9WXr4SzhmvLLHKmQeMtErwNNxLNsSIRZ1IJ5Ct4oGGSr9SC86bwc-1GEMi0ZcbdhM5QriqPOW3CWQoofR9eNEsTdgIPe-hEBZOv7XsubGjtrnbbzoGGYv4tt9QGjQ4NPzK8UUWzmTnSUC_xc1C_HeZ4N3XGtNvtgY-PSzt25lhCxFC5Vq1pOyRGrBJawL1eXnsGzFrqeKW_-ii7FtAd3TZW2lB4iGHZKDt3elALVyMb7WS8d8OkzWK9vnkfOugH57eTiLl27r6opdS5k3eN9i8imuHtdyEaerm8unzZjmTjvNQZ6TRjtvKH_EqMv-A_DacWImT_ET5aM1BI6PUDfQdt_ATFSUP0NejkK3usTu6L5S3vy-Dy2Wv4BokibdQ>
globally,
with developed countries contracting by 7% in 2020
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUcuuhCAM_ZphpxFQ1AWLu7m_YSpU5Q6CQRgzf3_rTNKclr4OOTWQcY3prY94ZnbDlN8H6oDX6TFnTKycmCZntZA9b5TqmdWt5UM3MHdOS0LcwXmdU0F2lNk7A9nF8Jlo24FLtmnoxwYagA47jgaHWXUL7RKzUX0rBvwSQ7EOg0GNL0zvGJB5veV8nA_58xC_ZNd11VdM3s4QnnVMK-UwENzfJbcg5JKQItGIhlyjbhgI8obV6uMMvkITQ9ydqWLJPsZnZUtyYa3uFhNfzlZ8rA4IFu8mqMwGYUVbfZiZ07Sbk6lmFEKKmtfWzmpppTRylmDVaKlkwPRIb8MX82ibfRX1WeYzg3nWJu4s6dNsZckQqLreEn7SpOBEfi_B5feEAWaP9itu_t7oI_e0YsBEt7MTZM0Vl63qZdfKpvtqSepL0Y2y4wMjXhtpKui_uEeLr8OX8x8jC6nv>
.

*Avoidable vaccination delays*
National capacities to cope with the pandemic have been largely determined
by means and power. Thus, access to COVID-19 tests, treatments, personal
protective equipment and other pandemic supplies has been severely lacking
in most African
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcuOgzAMRb-m2YHIg7QsspjN_AYKjqHpQILyAPH347aSE-vaurrRCdiCS0yX2WMu7H2N5drRBDzziqVgYjVjGr0zQt55p_WdOaMcf_QP5vM4J8TN-tWUVJHtdVo92OJj-DiUenDJnkYq1w0AYgCrQQjQMAiu3YCd6np0-htsq_MYAA0emK4YkK3mWcqeb_LnJn6pzvNs0dcW4kYq0LFzosBmtoC52ewrpiZOuVhYSZfYWKBF9mFpIB7eNQcNfMBMVuaN6ASn0t0ghBQtb52b9KykBDlJ6_TgaAUW7kga-Aw31W2LaHP9ZPy9H8KSyfCsc7GBtssbxmdMLEbqWw2-XCMGO63ovpjKl_YH3LhgwES_4EZbDNdcKn2XvZJd_6VCHKXoB9nzB6NcF8kVzCtu0eGxrzX_AwvpmL0>
and
other poor countries.

At current vaccination rates, it would take “not one or two years, but six
years
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkU3SpCAMhk_T7LAEFO0Fi9nMNSyEqMwgWBDbz9tPunuqUpCfegl54izCmsttjlyRvY8J7wNMgqtGQITCzgplCt5INYhW64F503kx9iMLdVoKwG5DNFhOYMc5x-Ashpw-iq4bhWKbke3gSdPCKGFQ_QCj7bVuWzHQQ3oQ38b29AGSAwMvKHdOwKLZEI_6UL8e8jfZdV1N3bfG5b2xJyWOHAMGV8ldwEOxkbyA_Aox8hl4DT_8BlsqBUsuwHEDfuUSPQ-Vv6xzIREBz-1qQ6rIXX4Fz8WTw88BBSuXrRRv40c_iDE0G-6RBfM_rdunlEo2ovF-1kunlFOzsl4_PZWcdQNQ7MTiHl27r7Kp51zRur_vEVgx1W3ngjZRdX1j_KSJ4kT3fqaA9wTJzhH8FzB-9_RBPq2QaGL6_WTRCC1Upwlup9r-y5M2oGT_VL0YGfX1mVTJ_Ml79vA64ln_AZxZqwE>”
to reach 75% global coverage, currently considered the minimum to achieve ‘herd
immunity
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxVkcuupCAQhp-m2WnkIq0LFrOZ1zBYVSozCoZLd3z7Q7erk1SA-ovKD1-BzbSGeJkzpMw-y5Svk4ynd9opZ4qsJIqTQyPkk3daPxkahXzoB-bStESiw7rd5FiInWXeHdjsgv92KDVwyTYD2o6iR-A4WLkokMBHwEENaEn2Am5jW9CRBzL0ongFT2w3W85nesg_D_G3xvv9bg97Bdidd9CGuFYRXSKbKDUQPLqPd6oqhBi8fblYPpnzDdKZt3rcKGLjjqN4l6_Gemx-X7UxN6JTgx66-kMjOsFr6G4UQoqWt4izXpSUIGdpUY9YS2DhSTUHvsBDdccq2lTmlC38byEcLJoEW1my9bW6fnh95Yprqvv9lIm8nXfCm2S-B_JlO63kKdZB4WSz4ZpLpZ-yV7Lrb3AVtRT9KHs-sOqLoXZ58y8cAel17iX9ALqzpdI>’
against COVID-19.

Patent protections, vaccine production constraints and the rich country
scramble will deprive more than 85 poor countries of public access to
vaccines before 2023
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcuutCAMgJ9m2Gm4eZkFi7P5X8Mg1BnOUTBQNL793xmT0tIbJV-dRXilfJk9FWQfNeG1g4lwlhUQIbNaIE_BG6kGwft-YN5oL8ZuZKFMSwbYbFgN5gpsr_ManMWQ4rdD61Eo9jaDUHawins-jz3dNB-4mmctJIdnN4h7sK0-QHRg4IB8pQhsNW_EvTzUz0P-IznPs4VQW5c28iKdsWv2lHLjUo2YA5TmDOvaxITN2x7QWOeglAYTVeQU7RFyLc1B4RCh0AMsGMmlIOn5U0olW9F6P_eLVsqpWVnfPz2lnHUDkO_E4h6aby_ZljoXtO7v8x2WTXHvuqCNlH19kHzDRGQiu9UY8Jog2nkFf8PCm_kX3_SCCJl24SeLRvRC6X5QnVa8u9kQTSW7p-rEyGiuT9QVzW_akodjX2v5D-_Hmk4>.
As of 5 February, not a single dose had been administered in 130 countries
with 2.5 billion
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlU8mSqjAU_RrdPQsI44IFg6BtKwKNihsLSIAoMwmKX_9id9WtTOfcITc5WUJQ0Q6z3rUjWX6GG5k7pDfoOVaIEDQs6YiGG4a6ABSek2VlCXUR8qqkLvF4yweE6gRXOhkoWnY0rXCWENw2vx6iqPJgWepCivJEhryo5lBMBE7IJJRrWqpxKspzmP4lTijEqMmQjiY0zG2DlpVeEtKNC2AsBIcZVTiZ50V5lZHViBpYDBiuGkQYVI1syFj2xwI4tGsWwBbJYW3_E5y9iu3rlz_7ErgbP1Esr5ugFtDLqQc8R6a4Deqm_CeYMz53690p7C0ihbbTr8t8OrrBxvfO6f3OAkFbdn1rPmhCHHGzF_GCPxzmJtEs8br1456SLBuP-KU9R_vM-MNYIL88zUcIzHgP3y__q6h6fssgz62-LNpR1-rTUSick1iBU-sId4LkfWscEG2mLxHHURDuGf1VH88Bjs6JYSajxlle9AS7zPgHbGZB3uxvzoPR7Hw01h0ekemadiKu6y6w3Oly_YSwrO2GXbIoldZ-BtFPnJCQ8_IHiJTvg_NWcfge6adoLg26wM8Ftq6YQ79LCrXjKlSYGbnSnPavsDQf1kQe3WBycHAYUW6H7wKg8HlJcq20afNp-3vDKdTAL2sgEhcbhjWn9DS9XPC-Hh6VZqnI2eBUtsq7tX1qF2uX94Zcnmct3ErV8LK4E6tQZCX4jiiEZL9DLGpIqxNJHEUspfCHHCX3QW2OceDz80LeBQdmL90_daO4TbXa_GFrxUkfz8zW1ihmu_e1eqotBr2x3b7FjXvc0Nr7ZkBq2ilBjhVqwdbdRaaaySBk5-NhszGAVyZtqUrxpc8F7e2-3Jq1y8SFv9mcT56yFmNzTU-nCVXT-f7--rQc3Ts2XSZz4mXPyzWhx0uss__PM5M5TRCAsOJXEKZyLgKQgRQkUNYgg7IkUxDbZ3yeLUSuLoTVSNORJNljlbX1ctDHrKQ5SRqGFh8J_h4zBd7YXNMGk_mGmiStEPwTJ_nT-K9cbwVq0MC0D28J0XmZB6KsAEkEnPSnRaZeIEgakHh1yfLClnk1-r2tW4imrqLjf02JYk4>
 people.

Of the more than 131 million doses
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlU9mOqzAM_ZrydquQsD7wwFI6dJnu60sFJGyFQEnS0n79zcxIluPYPseWpZPGnORt_3a6lnHlx934uyMOJS9WE85JrwhG-luJHYhMFRiGqWBHw6qlW0rJbllPSBOXtcN7QZROJHWZxrxs6S9C0ywVKYUDEqIhnCU4BRYhOIG2rkoyO46xbica-BscC1wSmhKHPEn_bilRaqfgvGMj5I5gKE2YwFBVzRinfMwIxXlf4jElXJZqJl0qp99HKBQdHaFA49-T4B8Ml1YZXGeb90ZHlbs_nOaM_YPeSq1edSu6GZuuQOdS7VIetNU8rx_t0ERtR0x4PkZ1vmolReauN_pMP7l0BYO2M91TIqpqzcz4e5LbPtIHiqo3y9k6qOeDBOgXOeJLBlcM73O8_eB1cgvvMhFkzJ10JSPe1AtibdJ0W3_6PF-Xsub7kcR4eWG2wWt72F9ivgOr7I4O5uI7_Fjl7sOE7OtBsu22mwzKuJaAxzzOrQ7UJPdSfhWZeAy7wrv7T37veg_gPpSNRtsvckR2r3Oc2UUg6M9pPl_AFG45-D3XwcV1_Xcijs9hij7X73tt-xYJv8rE8IvKj1722Z9nD9coTm97F-l1P_jgKDfU5AqbUIM7vpwTyboTeinuiQiYLi7P3fTnFEkFTfnKY3rXM5lQMMGYl81xqZnbNFxI1KTSrpHaqqw4Zetmv6-nizaM9nl2pIvH53BoN7xtwWwLv0nCThF6VWu0CIFRRhGhyJAU3r7UeL8wYewn3rwOwuPuMpz6eb3E24J5YMj1vAkWsxnKwcMWxCKzqT-j3TAtN5tcKR0IoCrNADaECI7VMcaJkWkIpShBMTZsLEtpnJpE_lM1S0caaHI4ZiJhPE7v47RtlN5haSEyHlNZzX_E8ZuW2rjJtxG05O8boXFSE_wnG_6nvl8h3XJCSS9ViW8xd1RDRZphIl1DQP9TidQVgrqNdNVS5FzcShR1qrZpMXl2tWD_AfkxQdM>
available
by 8 February, the US, China, the EU and the UK had 78%, while Africa had
0.2%
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkMGOhSAMRb9GlgaooC5YTDJ5v2EQqjKjYACf8e8Hn5M0kPamve0xOuMc4qX2kDK5nyFfOyqPZ1oxZ4zkSBgHZxWHllEpW2JVY1knOuLSMEXETbtV5Xgg2Y9xdUZnF_yno2k6BmRRopdi6k1HDefQty2dqKRcc7DCjgLbx1gf1qE3qPCN8QoeyaqWnPdUwVfFXyXO86wP74qcXL7OEFd7L1qbsBX1HlLvy17BK-VyUwXfnHJ2BxO8h-JNnPovSdqXnNestnaUUwNgYARtZW-LZLRpseSGTaZq6DbzOh1jytr83mYkqmSWY8raF3W-AXzK5f6h_FvZMV8Dej2uaB80-SH8gTXM6DEW8nbQWTHJoJEtiAaoeEgUdsBFD4J1pPjaULq8-glbsPje1yP9AbVikf0>!
Meanwhile, the African Union has only ordered less than half of what it
needs to reach herd immunity, i.e., just 670 million doses
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkUmOxCAMRU9T7BKFKcOCRW_6GhEYJ6ErgYihSnX7JhXJwrI_X7aeQWdcQ_yoM6RMrmfOnxOVx3faMWeMpCSMs7OK8YF2fT8Qq4SloxyJS_MSEQ_tdpVjQXIWszvQ2QX_dQgxUk42JTvQEozQQvYWzUAnKhdux6WHCcZJ3IN1sQ49oMIXxk_wSHa15XymB_95sN8a7_e7TSa1EI5Wl9q41qwpOtgaCMXn6DA1OmKTcoDn6Xbn16rE4PXLxZKalwZw_vrkbXOGEBv_3fd27XpdL4fBzXlLnGIdozX6bmKMs5a21pp-EZwDN1zbfrJVAg0D1hroAg_RHStrUzEpa3heq5KoEmxlydpXdb1wfduV1lzzUbzLnxm9NjvaG2S-7_FFO6_oMdY72VlnRXvKRT9wKXgnb26VNGdy4pKOpM61obq8-gtHsPg695L-AQwPpwk>.
Meanwhile, besides Brazil, other Latin American countries only have 150
million doses
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkUmOxCAMRU9T7BKFKcOCRW_6GhEYJ6ErgYihSnX7JhXJwrI_X7aeQWdcQ_yoM6RMrmfOnxOVx3faMWeMpCSMs7OK8YF2fT8Qq4SloxyJS_MSEQ_tdpVjQXIWszvQ2QX_dQgxUk42JTvQEozQQvYWzUAnKhdux6WHCcZJ3IN1sQ49oMIXxk_wSHa15XymB_95sN8a7_e7TSa1EI5Wl9q41qwpOtgaCMXn6DA1OmKTcoDn6Xbn16rE4PXLxZKalwZw_vrkbXOGEBv_3fd27XpdL4fBzXlLnGIdozX6bmKMs5a21pp-EZwDN1zbfrJVAg0D1hroAg_RHStrUzEpa3heq5KoEmxlydpXdb1wfduV1lzzUbzLnxm9NjvaG2S-7_FFO6_oMdY72VlnRXvKRT9wKXgnb26VNGdy4pKOpM61obq8-gtHsPg695L-AQwPpwk>
for
less than a quarter of their population.

*Supply shortfalls*
By the end of 2021, total global capacity of the 13 leading COVID-19
vaccine manufacturers would still be well short
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUMuOgzAM_JrmiPKGHnLYy_4GCo6h6UKC8iji7zcUyRrHHlmTGbAFl5hOs8dcyAVjOXc0AY-8YimYSM2YRu8MFz2jWvfEGenYoAbi8zgnxM361ZRUkex1Wj3Y4mP4Xkg5MEFehnJ4SsUUDNpaGJSSzk4zzD2VMDe8hW11HgOgwQ-mMwYkq3mVsueH-Hnw31bHcXTT9u4gbm2CGAqG0l7tZw0vZpO9osQbTjlrpemTc8E71jk36VkKAWIS1umnaxRY6LHNwGZ4SLotvMt1ysXC3yVBksnwqnOxobHLZfO7bi7H1rcafDlHDHZa0d0BlDvHbyTjggFTy9eNthimmZC6F0oKqm6_LSHB1VMoNpCm62K7CuYdt-jws681_wNN1olx>
of
the needs of the world’s almost 7.7 billion people. Even if they all
produce at maximum capacity, a fifth of the world’s population would not
have access until 2022
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUMuOgzAM_JrmiPKGHnLYy_4GCo6h6UKC8iji7zcUyRrHHlmTGbAFl5hOs8dcyAVjOXc0AY-8YimYSM2YRu8MFz2jWvfEGenYoAbi8zgnxM361ZRUkex1Wj3Y4mP4Xkg5MEFehnJ4SsUUDNpaGJSSzk4zzD2VMDe8hW11HgOgwQ-mMwYkq3mVsueH-Hnw31bHcXTT9u4gbm2CGAqG0l7tZw0vZpO9osQbTjlrpemTc8E71jk36VkKAWIS1umnaxRY6LHNwGZ4SLotvMt1ysXC3yVBksnwqnOxobHLZfO7bi7H1rcafDlHDHZa0d0BlDvHbyTjggFTy9eNthimmZC6F0oKqm6_LSHB1VMoNpCm62K7CuYdt-jws681_wNN1olx>
.

Rich countries continue to oppose
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxFUcuOhCAQ_JrxppGHrwOHvexvGIRW2UUw0MzEv9925rBJh0cVnSqqjUbYYrrUGTNW9zLjdYIK8MoeECFVJUOanVVcDKzt-6GySlo2dmPl8rwmgEM7rzAVqM6yeGc0uhjeHVKOTFS7Wvtp7Ba7dqMc14Fr1reDhqHtFs2gk_AR1sU6CAYUPCFdMUDl1Y545of4evBvqtfr1ezl0CG5bcd8Fp-hMfEg6tCZzJoYEAIuPm73c9Ae96s2sQRMDnJNhPl1Yastafh43sd_VhsDOdcYCXs6W7OpfhLmyIlTvOWMqm8nzgVvWGPt0q9SCCMWoW0_WaKMNgPQ3bDVPGR7bLzJZcmoze_ts0oqm72sqAOx2x3cG6bcZtqPEhxeMwS9eLCfSPEzmXfI8wYBEk3MzhoV65mQ_SA6KdrukyBlLng3iY6NFenaSF1B_cQj0n9PX_If5FSrew>
the
South African-Indian proposal to temporarily suspend relevant provisions of
the 1994 World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects
of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) to effectively block rapid scaling
up of generic vaccine production.

The resulting “catastrophic moral failure
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxdkc2u3CAMhZ9m2BGFnxBmwaKbvkZEwEnoTSACM-m8fZnJrpIFsg9Htj-cRVhTfpszFSSfY8L3CSbCVXZAhExqgTwFb7gYWa_USLyRnulBk1CmJQMcNuwGcwVy1nkPzmJI8euQUjNBNjPIXrNR20EJxxcYlJ3FrDUsUgsGkt2NbfUBogMDL8jvFIHsZkM8y0P8evDfLa7r6q4tdSFiy3zI4DBlukKEbPdWKieA26B8VMA218e0Jfr_U1poOiGGuNLc5s8_hVqkTGrcaIFS2gI0LRQ3oPAXXMXwAjonmz0JhvectVD9k3PBO9Z5P6tFCuHELKxXT98kZ90ILXdscQ_ZHyvvSp0LWvfTuXSQbIrb6oI2NnX9IPyWG8Gp3UeNAd8TRDvv4G-4eP_RF_d074HgJ4uGKSakGsUgRT_cLBt9wYenGJgmra9PzRXNn3QkD69zr-Uf266spQ>”
is thus mainly due to vaccine suppliers’ profit maximisation
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUduO6yAM_JrylihcQtMHHlY62t-IAJuE3QQiLq1yvn5JK1ljY8saM2N1wSWmUx0xF3LBXM4DVcBX3rAUTKRmTLMHxfidDlLeCSgBdBon4vPsEuKu_aZKqkiOajZvdfExvDeEmCgnq3JyMnYwbBrhwcTk9DRZYxBGBiMYcB9iXcFjsKjwiemMAcmm1lKOfONfN_bd4vV69S4mg7m3cW-N7AvmlpeEuuQDbd3e7FePDWxoibILZIPD-f-YOh2g2yNgCjp3T22tD5g7G-sGncE2StgdKTpftNmwK6sO3RlrK3z4ve7g33m98X_jQMXAqZWcC-JVo6Mt5PBgjLOe9gBGOsG55YZrkA9oI6vtHdvbUmdvYtgX1udqctH29_oRSSrbtbqiQ5sul7DvdtN1bnmvwZdzxnAdBh_Jy8e5twnzggFTcxRmXRSVlAt556Pgw_hRuHnC2fjgI51I44XYtoL6iZccz2Or-Q8ONrEh>,
also limiting supplies and access. Meanwhile, rich countries’ grossly
excessive vaccine purchases can vaccinate their residents several times over
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUUuOrDAMPE1nByIfAr3IYjbvGsjEBjIDCcqnUd_-hW7JccllOWWVLWRaQ3ybM6TM7jTl90nG05V2ypkiK4ni5NAIOfBO64GhUcjHfmQuTUskOsDtJsdC7Czz7ixkF_xnQqmRS7aZXtlhJKEsaDXqQQ39Mjw1drU9dHPPv8JQ0JG3ZOhF8R08sd1sOZ_pIX8e4l-N67ravNFaIKID39pw3GyIO1YUneAVfsHfxbMmCx4QGvDYlL8GjuDXxobic3SUmsvlrTmqcvMCa52nBkOqfIhIkbA5Kd4vBc-cuT-vobunEFK0vEWc9aKktHKWgPqJtWXBDlRryxf7UN2xijaVOWWwf_euLJpkt7LkuqHq1tu3D11tmyoexbv8nsjDvBN-Hc3fw3w8nlbyFOvBcIJsuOZS6UH2Snb918BquRT9U_Z8ZFUXQ53y5jccAel17iX9B7c5pps>
.

The US will soon have enough to vaccinate its population twice over, while
Canada and Australia have booked enough to protect residents several times
over. Exceptionally, New Zealand – which has also ordered several times its
population’s needs – plans
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJxNUcmu3CAQ_JrhhsXm7cDhXfIbFoa2h4QBi8XW5OvTnrlEavVCqyhVtTUV9pTf-kilkjst9X2AjnCVALVCJq1AXrzTQo6cDcNInFaOT_1EfFm2DPAyPuiaG5CjrcFbU32KH4RSE5fkqRmXq1FCqMmxFdho2LBOUk0TtzCPw_YlNs15iBY0nJDfKQIJ-lnrUR7y5yF-YVzX1cUjdynvOBWwN1PB1qacojl9boUGfwJth0Nl90owwbBwcacR06xGxeQkZ-xRJv0LJpjo6OVDoPsNvkXR_788jbU-QqE10QzFO4i10Ah-f64p-7jT-BFdiNfIxzEGNgshRcc759ZhU1JauUrjhtnhyho7As6Wb_ah2GsXXWlrqcb-6Wx6kayLfbatmojb_Tb484z-LlhfLfr6XiCaNYD7Wl-_F_wcY9khQkb9bjFV84FLNYyyV5L1X6fxNlL0s-z5RJDXJURF_Tu9koPzCK38A_WPtMk>
to
freely share vaccines with its Pacific island neighbours.

*Manufactured scarcity and prices*
Global needs now greatly exceed available supply. Middle-income countries
have joined the scramble, making onerous direct deals with vaccine
suppliers, typically on worse terms than if they had bargained
collectively. Unsurprisingly, vaccine prices vary considerably, by more
than 12-fold, from US$6 to US$74 per dose
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUMuOgzAM_JrmiPKGHnLYy_4GCo6h6UKC8iji7zcUyRrHHlmTGbAFl5hOs8dcyAVjOXc0AY-8YimYSM2YRu8MFz2jWvfEGenYoAbi8zgnxM361ZRUkex1Wj3Y4mP4Xkg5MEFehnJ4SsUUDNpaGJSSzk4zzD2VMDe8hW11HgOgwQ-mMwYkq3mVsueH-Hnw31bHcXTT9u4gbm2CGAqG0l7tZw0vZpO9osQbTjlrpemTc8E71jk36VkKAWIS1umnaxRY6LHNwGZ4SLotvMt1ysXC3yVBksnwqnOxobHLZfO7bi7H1rcafDlHDHZa0d0BlDvHbyTjggFTy9eNthimmZC6F0oKqm6_LSHB1VMoNpCm62K7CuYdt-jws681_wNN1olx>
.

As countries have not published
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUMuOgzAM_JrmiPKGHnLYy_4GCo6h6UKC8iji7zcUyRrHHlmTGbAFl5hOs8dcyAVjOXc0AY-8YimYSM2YRu8MFz2jWvfEGenYoAbi8zgnxM361ZRUkex1Wj3Y4mP4Xkg5MEFehnJ4SsUUDNpaGJSSzk4zzD2VMDe8hW11HgOgwQ-mMwYkq3mVsueH-Hnw31bHcXTT9u4gbm2CGAqG0l7tZw0vZpO9osQbTjlrpemTc8E71jk36VkKAWIS1umnaxRY6LHNwGZ4SLotvMt1ysXC3yVBksnwqnOxobHLZfO7bi7H1rcafDlHDHZa0d0BlDvHbyTjggFTy9eNthimmZC6F0oKqm6_LSHB1VMoNpCm62K7CuYdt-jws681_wNN1olx>
contract
details, acceding to vaccine suppliers’ terms, lack of transparency has
enabled abuses. And when forced to comply with Freedom of Information Act
requests, documents are heavily redacted before release.

Such limited transparency enables ‘vaccine imperialism’ as big power
‘vaccine nationalism’ impairs others’ access. Thus, following its spat
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcuOqzAMhp-m2YFyg8Iii7M5r4FMYiAzkKDEKerbT1oky7dflq3PFgjXmN7mjJnYx030PtEEvPKORJhYyZgm74xUT8H7_smc0U4M3cB8npaEeIDfDaWC7Czz7i2Qj-E7ofUgFNtML3tYHJ87N2vNrQMrNdejsh0fumWBezEU5zFYNPjC9I4B2W42ojM_1L-H_F_tuq6WNjw3SAfc57U2HlWBRN7uWDMsTfltbHx514ixeYG1PmBu8gnUUEkhNxSbWCj5daPmgsS8kVyKaj0fpVSyFa1zc79opayaFbh-dFWyYJ9YaysW-9D8WGWby5wJ7O_nCpZMtltZCEJV1w-Vb7tCmWo8SvD0njDAvKO7edGN_UtwWjFgqu9wE5ARvVC6f6pOK97deCpQJbtRdWJgda-LdSqYn3hEh69zL_kP_cqdMQ>
with
AstraZeneca, the European Commission (EC) banned vaccine exports to most
countries outside the EU.

*Double standards rule*
In fact, cross-border enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPRs) is
relatively recent. Big Pharma
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkEuOgzAMhk_T7AaRBxQWWcxmroGcxKGZgYASU8Ttx20ly_7lh2x_HgjnrVx23yqJl5vo2tFmPOuCRFjEUbFMKVil77Lt-7sI1gQ5dINIdYoFcYW0WCoHiv1wS_JAacvvCWMGqcXDmoixc7IL4KIbQCto0aF2xkTVYWw_i-EICbNHi08s15ZRLPZBtNeb_r6pH7bzPBu-DGZ0gQVxCgolvyArqUYz9iye4H3K-EUFgVbM9AU7tz0wBZGsapVk69tRKa0a2YTg-mi09tppCP0YuOTB3_k-7WX0N9Ous2rq4SqB_2v8topiq38ckSBzdX4BeKf5_4njeuRE14QZ3ILhg4Y-hN-wphkzFiYfJiAre6lNf9ed0W33IcHstOpG3clB8N6w8VS2v9u6BXzuy1H_AXB7lNA>
successfully
lobbied their governments for TRIPS inclusion in the 1994 WTO founding
documents. This greatly strengthened and extended IPRs transnationally.

Now, as these non-transparent deals are disputed, European politicians
are threatening
‘patent grabs’
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkMuOhSAMhp_msNNwVxcsZjOvYRCqMqNAuBzj2w9zTJq29E9T_s_oAltIt4ohF_Sf5nJHUB6ufEApkFDNkGZnFWUDwVIOyCpuyShG5PK8JoBTu0OVVAHFuhzO6OKC_2xwPhKGdgVi1YPEVA5cjyAFoSvB6wRiFJZjPD2HdbUOvAEFb0h38IAOtZcS84t9veh3i-u6-hgOV5wJPdQ20an1B7QOagoRutgM-dJtSS_d4rYu7jqduunIKYopaSHxRCmjPemtXeTKGTNsYdrKyTbJaDNAexuymhfH50b7XJdctPntTThRUtnsdS3aN3X79_4ZN-tzq2f1rtwzeL0cYB8q5YH74TRv4CG1P9pZF0UkYVwOTHCGxQOhYWNUTEyQEbW7NrQtr37CGSy841HzHydykhI>.
EU President Charles Michel has warned of “urgent measures” demanding
compulsory licensing, provided for by the European Treaty
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkE2OwyAMhU9TllH4CUkWLGYz14gccFKmBCIwjXr7oa1k2YYn6-l9Fgj3lF_mTIXYuy30OtFEvEpAIsysFsyLd0bIkfdaj8wZ5fg0TMyXZcuIB_hgKFdkZ12Dt0A-xc-FUhOX7G4sbIOeBMwbohtnGLXCkaNC4KBx2r7GUJ3HaNHgE_MrRWTB3InOcpM_N_Hb6rquLuDuS_h4dHt6dvXRBKzUOiHaNiCTtwHbxoVg3ohe8Fa6n4WQouOdc6velJRWrhKcnl2TLNgR29vyzd5Uf-yiK3UtBPbR2XSwbIq9140gNnV_R_58t8RLm0eNnl4LRlgDui8M-jL94Fl2jJgba7cAGa65VHqUg5L98M3eaEkxzHLgE2u-LrWraP7SkRw-z1DLP6hgjy8>
.

This would require vaccine developers to facilitate generic production,
which the developing country-backed TRIPS temporary waiver
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkcFu5CAMhp8m3BoBTkhy4NDLSr2ttA8QEXBm0hISgensvH09M5UsMP5t-deHd4SXI9_teRQSj2Om-4k24a1EJMIsasE8b8FqGJQ0ZhDBdkGN_Si2Mq8ZcXdbtJQrirMucfOOtiM9J7puVCCudoKAAP20mBGmYZV6Qq3GYGBVsEroX4tdDRsmjxa_Md-PhCLaK9FZGnhv9B-O2-3W0hWj4y5q_bFz7fOoOblYOH3VOXGZNh-Rs78fH_-k6uSbGcA0etSy0RPoflRvmuW1xkj4n8RmtdSKw8hJa9CtakNYzNoBeFjABTMFlrzzA_Lbq9U3ndwvui11KeT818OOyLb4a13JJVYvDzDPMnOZ-d5r2ug-Y3JLxPBCRi_yT4jzBRNm_pEwO7LKKOjYdt-B_CXETNn7BL0aBe8NB08l-3nsR8DvM9byA-d-mAM>
proposal
seeks for all countries. Nevertheless, the EU, other rich countries and
their allies still oppose
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkUuOhCAQhk_T7DS8RF2wmM1cwyCUyoyCgaKNc_qhu5NKPVP88GENwhrTrc-YkbzchPcJOsCVd0CEREqGNHmnuegZVaonTkvHhm4gPk9LAjiM3zWmAuQs8-6tQR_De0PKgQmyabXQoRt7UNKOlM1U8V6NyyAFp4ugMH-ETXEeggUNT0h3DEB2vSGe-SG-Hvy72nVdrdl_zB9AMq2NR-2BjSEed8045bQGxt55dcnbrbGxBEwecjPv0f7W-uldw8bGpbLmJvl1w9xcxlfRxmBzYSRe17NYNUVHzgVvWevcrBYphBWzME6Nro6ssT3U2rLFPiQ9Vt7mMmc09vd1OZJ0tltZ0IQ6XV-Y3u1KaarxKMHjPUEw8w7uAxA___BGOq0Q6jMR3GRQM8WEVL3opKDdh1clLHg3io4NpOq6WLeC_olHdPA895L_AY0Vn2k>
the
request to enable rapid scaling-up of affordable vaccine supplies.

*Publicly financed vaccine development*
To accelerate vaccine development, expenses and risks have been mainly
borne by governments, rather than by developers or private finance. The six
top candidate vaccine developers have already received over US$12 billion
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcmOwyAMhp-m3IjCEtocOMxlXiMi2EmZYYlYUvXth2kky9jY1m99tqbinvJbH6lU8u-W-j5QR3wVj7ViJq1gXhxoLu5sVOpOQEtgj-lBXFm2jBiM87rmhuRoq3fWVJfiZ0LKBxPkqS1ymNgMuM1SgZAbF2yezQTraiVXeAmbBg6jRY0n5neKSLx-1nqUm_i68e9ur9drCGUbUt57tqfeFwPGWmhopVLoq0SgxntqU07RnC630uPTAWUzPY21LmLvM75Qk5EGA0ivrYnTfOSsmxpnzgUf2ACwqk0KYcUqDKgZeskae8eeW7bZmxzDzofS1lKN_R1sCiTrYp9tqyb26v7P5vPdRZb-hhZdfS8YzeoRLmr1gv_huOwYMfejwGKqZooJqe5ikmKcLkgdq-DTLCb2IF0XUp-K-ieFBHgevpU_Kh2fmQ>
of
public money, sometimes with little to show for it
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUUuO7CAMPE1nR8Qn3wWLt3nXiBxwAjMJRGDS6tsP3S1ZGFy2TFUZINxjeukrZmrex0KvC3XAZz6QCFNTMqbFWy3VKPgwjI3VnRVTPzU-L1tCPMEfmlLB5irr4Q2Qj-Ez0XWTUI3Ts-2hMyuXap3QSKl4N3OxrRy5NCPAdzEU6zEY1HhjesWAzaEd0ZUf6t9D_q_xfD5bh3CQa_d4t1Bq7fTB5_rPXO_kkLkY2J5wZ64EYuf1bkHroeatpNqRmA83Zjqx4j4wcpUDq4QZlEwJDg-BmXh7y8TMbjDGB2QJM0Iyjl0p_qCh3HgtuRQ1Bj5XSrIVrbXrsHVKGbUqsMNsK2TAjFjfRmzm0fFzl20uayYwv62JZ5N0Nq5sBKGi-1vLT7lKudR8luDptWCA9UD7VZm-Zn10X3YMmKqJdgHSYhCqG0bVd4r3X1GrDUr2s-rF1NS9NtapoH_iGS3e11HyHzOrsLk>
.

Of the more successful, Moderna received US$955 million
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUMuOgzAM_JrmiPKGHnLYy_4GCo6h6UKC8iji7zcUyRrHHlmTGbAFl5hOs8dcyAVjOXc0AY-8YimYSM2YRu8MFz2jWvfEGenYoAbi8zgnxM361ZRUkex1Wj3Y4mP4Xkg5MEFehnJ4SsUUDNpaGJSSzk4zzD2VMDe8hW11HgOgwQ-mMwYkq3mVsueH-Hnw31bHcXTT9u4gbm2CGAqG0l7tZw0vZpO9osQbTjlrpemTc8E71jk36VkKAWIS1umnaxRY6LHNwGZ4SLotvMt1ysXC3yVBksnwqnOxobHLZfO7bi7H1rcafDlHDHZa0d0BlDvHbyTjggFTy9eNthimmZC6F0oKqm6_LSHB1VMoNpCm62K7CuYdt-jws681_wNN1olx>
for
research and development plus a premarket purchase commitment of US$1.53
billion. In Europe, Pfizer/BioNTech got €375 million
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUstu3SAQ_ZrrHZYBPxcskjapukhatVG2FoaxTWqDxeNa_vuOr6XRDOegeTAHJSNMzh9icyFmp-vjsYGwsIcFYgSfpQC-N1ow3tCirptMi1LTtmozE_rRA6zSLCL6BNmWhsUoGY2zj4yybCnPZgG80EM96o4NZVvWLa1qaCtFG952VJbsaiyTNmAVCLiDP5yFbBFzjFu48acbe0Xb9z2fFjfAOd5uPOTKrcifkHhYQAZAyApWYCg6dLR6EB2v-Hk6ebDono17_wA1k-jIH1Bg7kDSdiLeVG_EWPKarDZ2IqN3K_kBfpXIgQYvF_JmrAnRH8SN5EWn68lEWo21Akh_1f2bts35SL79-vz5ndCOfEqljAXy27vJy5U8v3_QmuVzXJfMCBybotVFxxhnOc31ubSSc8UHLnXdabxSUjWAWNFR3cpinVge0hCiVP_OZWReBDWnMUqLt9MpzYNGZXqMa7ImHj1YOSygL9Hipf1Dxn7C1Xr8E7qXUdCa8rJueFXyoro0QlU5q3CbtM2wr3aYZcWXW52G-7ak8B_7XsTd>
from
the German government and another €100 million for debt refinancing
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkMluxCAQRL9mOFpsNp4Dh1zyG4il7SGxwWKZyH-f9lhqgapLrSo9bxusuZz6yLWR6zHtPEAn-KsbtAaF9ArFxKC5UIxOkyJBy8DmcSaxmqUA7DZuupUO5Ohui962mNPnQsqZCfLSbhFu9AtVT8Ws8lJROrNpdkotTkGQd7DtIULyoOEN5cwJyKZfrR31Ib4e_BsH_AC95MPih9LnfY-1YhqKo0CtPpcEBVWAhq2uk8uLh-HUMCokiZpTznAm-uRc8IENIbhpkUJ44YQN0zOg5a1XgNqzxT8k3Vc-1O5qs_53wFhSdPWvvjSb0F0vAp81AjBXq55iOw0k6zYIN5t2I_7QMitgTUQfjG2aTUzISYlRCjreKBCe4ONTjGwmmBsyXiX9k_cc4H1svf4DSuOTbA>
from
the European Investment Bank.

Yet, despite massive public financing, vaccine developers retain the IP
monopoly right to profit
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUduO6yAM_JrylihcQtMHHlY62t-IAJuE3QQiLq1yvn5JK1ljY8saM2N1wSWmUx0xF3LBXM4DVcBX3rAUTKRmTLMHxfidDlLeCSgBdBon4vPsEuKu_aZKqkiOajZvdfExvDeEmCgnq3JyMnYwbBrhwcTk9DRZYxBGBiMYcB9iXcFjsKjwiemMAcmm1lKOfONfN_bd4vV69S4mg7m3cW-N7AvmlpeEuuQDbd3e7FePDWxoibILZIPD-f-YOh2g2yNgCjp3T22tD5g7G-sGncE2StgdKTpftNmwK6sO3RlrK3z4ve7g33m98X_jQMXAqZWcC-JVo6Mt5PBgjLOe9gBGOsG55YZrkA9oI6vtHdvbUmdvYtgX1udqctH29_oRSSrbtbqiQ5sul7DvdtN1bnmvwZdzxnAdBh_Jy8e5twnzggFTcxRmXRSVlAt556Pgw_hRuHnC2fjgI51I44XYtoL6iZccz2Or-Q8ONrEh>.
Thus, the prospect of huge gains
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJw1UdGOpSAM_Rp9wwgoeh94mGR2f8NgqcqOgoHqHefrl3vdTZqelKY9hx4whHOIl95DovKVBrp21B6faUUijOWRMA7OaiE7XivVlVY3lvdtX7o0TBFxM27VFA8s92NcHRhywb8nmqbnsly0FPyhWmMn25tGTChgqoVUYw2TadVD3MTmsA49oMYT4xU8lqteiPZUyI9C_M7xfD4r8CNUELZcilrUGTj_nyDE4M3p4pHYaQCcR7ZP7gcjAwwshdWydg_Ok2KbW9esk4WJJQrwxUxiee1u_MWM9-HISizLwhy5E5k1ZKqFtrUQ8qWn-5Uz4TcV8vMDMrF1fi5EK2oKNyz4xn87S6ezXJ5D1Q8hpKh4Ze2opkZKkKM0Vj1sboGBDnMNfIKiqbdZVOkYExn4ev26jDrBckxkfO7Or9O_n_Plh4zb4R1dA3ozrmhvU-j29m3TMKPHmD23gyHNFZeN6mTbyLq9PciuSdE-ZMv7MvPakKe8_hO2YPHc1yP9BQuSu_8>
from
2021 vaccine sales revenue of almost US$40 billion
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkM2OhSAMhZ_msrtGfgRdsJjNvIZBKMqMguFH4zz94DVp2pw2zcn5tMowh3jJPaSM7jbmawfp4Uwr5AwRlQRxdEYSKnDLuUBGMoP7rkcujTYCbMqtMscCaC_T6rTKLvjPB2M9pmiRfMKt4EJwSjjrB0uwsLjnSltsBDHwGKtiHHgNEg6IV_CAVrnkvKcX_XqR71rneTbWeQOx0WFrVKm7LVTp1ftI7926P4jvtKgICTlJWoJr8XYghJIGN8ZM3DJKNZ2oMnww9aSVFlC1xla_WLvNpEllSlnp39sERZn0UmxWvl7nO-tnXaOOdW7Fu3yN4NW0gnko5Afmh8s4g4dYIZtRZYk5powL2jHadk_oiomSbqAd7lH1NaF-efkT7ljHvpb0Dx8WjMw>
is
delaying progress against COVID-19.

*Greed kills, unless…*
AstraZeneca promised Oxford University not to profit off any COVID-19
vaccines “for the duration of the pandemic”. However, its contracts allow
it to declare the pandemic over as early as mid-2021. It could then charge
higher prices
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcmOwyAMhp-m3IjCEtocOMxlXiMi2EmZYYlYUvXth2kky9jY1m99tqbinvJbH6lU8u-W-j5QR3wVj7ViJq1gXhxoLu5sVOpOQEtgj-lBXFm2jBiM87rmhuRoq3fWVJfiZ0LKBxPkqS1ymNgMuM1SgZAbF2yezQTraiVXeAmbBg6jRY0n5neKSLx-1nqUm_i68e9ur9drCGUbUt57tqfeFwPGWmhopVLoq0SgxntqU07RnC630uPTAWUzPY21LmLvM75Qk5EGA0ivrYnTfOSsmxpnzgUf2ACwqk0KYcUqDKgZeskae8eeW7bZmxzDzofS1lKN_R1sCiTrYp9tqyb26v7P5vPdRZb-hhZdfS8YzeoRLmr1gv_huOwYMfejwGKqZooJqe5ikmKcLkgdq-DTLCb2IF0XUp-K-ieFBHgevpU_Kh2fmQ>
for
vaccines developed with public money for the university.

The AstraZeneca vaccine was ‘trialed’ on the South African population. Yet,
it is paying 2.4 times more than the EU
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlUcuOwyAM_JrmRhQgzwOHvexvRA44LbsJRGBaZb9-nVYyHmHLnmGwQHiP6TRHzFRdaabzQBPwlTckwlSVjGn2zig9yKbvh8qZ1smxGyuf5zUh7uA3Q6lgdZRl8xbIx_CeaNtR6uphsFHS2UlKqV0nAa1ceu3WdlwBm2lQH2IozmOwaPCJ6YwBq808iI5801839c3xer1q2H7gDzFBbePOtUspg2IKhusoxSkLWBNrERTFAadQohPkd8xijwkFPSAILGKNSTx9Klk8wVrPnN5cqzj6ZlJKq1rWzi392mpt9aLB9ZPjlgU7IN-tXO2tbfa7qnNZMoH9vYRVyWT7KCtB4O79suhdZodmxr0ET-eMAZYN3cc8-vzB2875joGfSOhmICN7qdt-0F2rm-7jFburVTfpTo4V87rIU8H8xD06fB5byf9OAZ37>
–
US$5.25 compared to US$2.16. This makes a mockery of “benefit-sharing
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkMtqxSAQhp_muBQvMZeFi1LortA3CGYcE9tEg5oT8vb1nMDwz-VnmOEDU3CO6dJ7zIW8ZCzXjjrgmVcsBRM5MqbRWy1kx1nbdsTqxvJe9cTn0SXEzfhVl3Qg2Y9p9WCKj-G90TQ9l2TREgRnYGFwE2OgBEirjLLOSeY4Tuw-bA7rMQBqfGK6YkCy6qWUPT_kx0N81TjPkwaYPA3rRoNf6ByfdbxvUNWk4mHFXMuf70_RKtF16uVaV1UwRWtFvBasPiN4ywYhpKCcWju1rpES5CSNbQdbLTDQYe2BO3g0bJsFzceUi4E_CnEjSWdYDldMqO78IvAeVwBjzdsRfLlGDGZa0d5syo34TWucMWCq6O1oiuYtl03bSdVIpm4UFZ4UapCK96TetbFuBf0bt2jxua9H_gdecZIp>”
and priority “post-trial access
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkc2u3CAMhZ8m7G7ET0KSBYtuKt1dpW66iwg4M9wSiMDc6bx9PRPJAnOOLVsfziLccnmaM1dkr2PF5wkmwaNGQITCWoWyBm-kmgTXemLeDF7M48xCXfcCcNgQDZYG7GxbDM5iyOndMQyzUOxuNrGJeVbSWWth0dPO9WLVuIzTqDfFp2uwbT5AcmDgG8ozJ2DR3BHP2qkfnfxJ8Xg8erxDtFSFvcsHaV-5lWRjpfTSKbEFg4tA2a_Pz99cDPxDT0p3chZzJxeaqMXHH7L3FiPCP2TBSC4FheaLlEr2ovd-0_uglFObsl4vnixn3QT0dmJ33cCPm-xr2ypa9_e1Diumunvb0SZyby8wb5m4rHQfLQV8rpDsFsFfyPAi_4a43iBBoR_xq0UjtFADrT0Oio8XIWKq5LioUcyM5vpMXcl85SN7-D5jq_8Bge2Ygg>”
promises. Meanwhile, turning ‘ability to pay’ on its head, Uganda is paying
20% more
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlk9mSqjAQhp9G7o4FhPWCCxZB3BXHEW-skIRFICAERJ_-ZGaqujqd9N9LpepDkJGs6d5W2_RM-HF39m6JRcmrrwhjpBOGnnT3Alsy0CVR03QBWwqWDNUQiv6edoTUsKgs1g1EaIekKhBkRUN_KxTFkICQWygxgKokZgp1BcAUIBWZUqomksEFKE3-BsMBF4QiYpGRdO-GEqGycsbafgbsmexzG3RRkyRFmyM27wnFWVfgOSWMp6qeO8SnlzPgDy2dAU9hu4X3T_a3RuHdVsf3UQUP-_wVB5viYe_f1XUPYSiBVRxGKxU-Me106n2fF3JMn_9kp-gugWGAbE9FV3Y0z3uM7jSFAzrsog2JdldXRbuz16zNtW5v1TF6bW55WWbhMaaSdrXREoHgyucDrDT1mQfOyi50h7E8OY3egVYwWbOwVvJksYkeSht-hf-Ad1Td-O6XXO6lvb1oi544geNBZVG3JzcYr7ctz7luuOQ7ZrneeK_T1zmGLBL3aQm-9M3O_xhF9OkHruvE5NSejqnM44oXPNcwM1qxIpmD2G1Ih-cU5U7pjqxsO0fEnc-FWtNtMkCi1xWmZu4N9OcTP0tRH-xicjumirFtu-9kuIxTAD63XVmZrkH8ZZFobv5ww5d5ddfp09by77cZhWrVTa544RsqfIWjr8gR264J7xo9tcdnqFbfoF6OcVwnxXoQUT1N9uGpng_VXgpSt--aQ2yc9xtyAD-blHLULGpT6SsA1rVmY6w85UsR-KfxsZCKctrWEzxKXtk8YITDo1l-L0vGK-1VMh0ioBnSw2yNi-vlI9CWwbmso2VwcaLKf4PyeltcTUx227qnrERB7OwquQx1z-Qdgq1QWLIoS9w00ZRlIM-lOcaJlioAIJAAiDUT8xSCSCf8jqQUzRSxzuR5PyQ9g6ico6YWOqtH-ZAySHk2-0Ho95kTdOdnPdCCve-EwqQi-A8u9sfoL273jFDScXbxHTJL0iSgaDpHDIjqH0ucPiCrJlAlQ-BzccOrqPVo6gaTsa2G_j84SU0A>
than
South Africa!

Having the greatest vaccine manufacturing capacity in the world by far, the
Serum Institute of India has several contracts to produce the Astra-Zeneca
vaccine
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkUuOwyAMhk9TdonCI68Fi9nMNSIHnNYzCURgWvX2Q9uRLCzbsn_z2QHjNaanPWNm8XoWfp5oAz7yjsyYRMmYFvJW6VF2wzAKb42XUz8JysuWEA-g3XIqKM6y7uSAKYZ3hzGT1OJmzbj2m8bZ4zbCbEaQsKKTapjMNG-z_whD8YTBocU7pmcMKHZ7Yz7zRX9d1He1x-PRZk5AnJkOzK2LR01DJqgux8K35j-g4AmajVLm5kwUE_Gz2WJq7uAcBWw87vTSaer3ytFQqCO5MAqyqlOy2tDNSmnVytb7ddiM1k6vGvww-1py4EassZObu5juuKo2lzUzuN_XWiLZ7G5lYwi1en0xeqcroqX6o4S60IIB1h39hx5_jvDmuVwxYKrH8QuwlYPUZhh1b3TXf2BVvFr1s-7lJKquj7Ur2J94RI_3cy_5DyEro2M>
for
different countries. In India, it will sell 90% to the government and 10%
to the private sector at a higher price.

*Waiver can end pandemic*
Vaccines produced generically at greater scale will be far more affordable,
enabling more rapid containment of the contagion, infections, deaths and
disruptions. Until herd immunity is achieved
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcuO5CAMRb8m7DriFUIWLGYzUu9Gmg-IeDhV6SYQgema-vuhKpIFl2tbtg7eItxyeZozVySvY8XnCSbBo0ZAhEJahbLuwXAxM6rUTIKRgelJk72uWwE47B4NlgbkbC7u3uKe07tDSs0EuZswbcI5oM7OmkrQlDHKFuaZDpPl3l2DbQs7JA8GfqA8cwISzR3xrIP4NfDfPR6Px4h3iLZX4ejz0b2v3EqysXZ5-V3YgruP0NWfz8-_lEn6oWahBq45G_hCqaDqQ_f01mJE-IdkN5xy1kPRhXPBRzaG4NQmhfDCCRvUEnrKWz9Df3u2-UHS48bH2lxF679f65Biqr-3DW3q2dsLzNvuXNZ-Hy3t-FwhWRchXMjwIv-GuN4gQek_ElaLhikmZF97koJOF6HOVPBpERPTpM8NuXcl85WPHODnjK3-B_HhmMY>
nationally
and globally, priority in allocation should be on the basis of urgent need,
rather than ability to pay or political muscle.

The best way forward now is the TRIPS waiver
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwtkcFu5CAMhp8m3BoBTkhy4NDLSr2ttA8QEXBm0hISgensvH09M5UsMP5t-deHd4SXI9_teRQSj2Om-4k24a1EJMIsasE8b8FqGJQ0ZhDBdkGN_Si2Mq8ZcXdbtJQrirMucfOOtiM9J7puVCCudoKAAP20mBGmYZV6Qq3GYGBVsEroX4tdDRsmjxa_Md-PhCLaK9FZGnhv9B-O2-3W0hWj4y5q_bFz7fOoOblYOH3VOXGZNh-Rs78fH_-k6uSbGcA0etSy0RPoflRvmuW1xkj4n8RmtdSKw8hJa9CtakNYzNoBeFjABTMFlrzzA_Lbq9U3ndwvui11KeT818OOyLb4a13JJVYvDzDPMnOZ-d5r2ug-Y3JLxPBCRi_yT4jzBRNm_pEwO7LKKOjYdt-B_CXETNn7BL0aBe8NB08l-3nsR8DvM9byA-d-mAM>
proposal,
still blocked by rich country governments at the WTO. It would enable all
countries to affordably make or buy ‘generic’ vaccines. This would most
effectively expedite containing the pandemic with the least loss of lives
and livelihoods.

https://www.ksjomo.org/post/ip-vaccine-imperialism-cause-death-and-suffering-delay-recovery
<https://email.mg2.substack.com/c/eJwlkcuOgzAMRb-m2YHIAwqLLGYzv4FM4tBMIUF5tOLvx7SSFcv3yrrWiYGCa0ynPmIu7Hrmch6oA77zhqVgYjVjmr3VQt55Nwx3ZrWyfOxH5vPsEuIOftMlVWRHXTZvoPgYPhtKjVyyh564GEDZfpj46PoenOWT7JVxnUIw9_EbDNV6DAY1vjCdMSDb9KOUI9_kz038Ur3f7_aZ_-Ie25hWEq49av5oXmCMD9j4_cDkYfN5bwzQ7Y1FKI8Ggm1ydY7MsJK2wdkkNPGKYl6LTnCqoZuEkKLlrbXL4JSURi4S7DBZsgzdijQb7sxNdfsq2lyXXMA8WxN3lnQ2j-oKBHLXC8tHJioz9b0GX84ZAywb2i-w8uX-QTivGDDRf9gZiuYDl2q4EyXZ9V8-RFSKnsDxkVGujbQV9EXD4uvYav4HVnCdiA>

http://www.ipsnews.net/2021/02/ip-vaccine-imperialism-cause-death-suffering-delay-recovery/
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