PHM-Exch> Monitoring toolkit: The Right to food and nutrition DURING COVID-19

[Claudio Schuftan]

Monitoring toolkit
the Right to food and nutrition DURING COVID-19


*What is this toolkit about?*This is a hands-on toolkit on how and what to
monitor in the context of the right to food and nutrition
(RTFN) and COVID-19. The list of questions below can serve as a guide to
monitor whether and how the
RTFN of people and communities is impacted by the COVID-19 crisis.
These questions are meant to guide you – it is ok if you cannot reply to
them all, but only to those that
apply to your context.
FIAN International is also very interested in learning about positive
experiences and innovative
proposals that can be shared with other communities and countries. We
encourage you to share your
findings and your initiatives with us at monitoringcovid19 at fian.org .
National context


*Food Systems and Healthy Nutrition*• Are people denied access to adequate
and nutritious food due to measures and policies of the
government? Related questions: How? It is due to a lack of availability to
adequate food, lack of
physical (you cannot go out) or economic access (you do not have the money)?
• Are any positive measures taken to ensure uninterrupted supply of food?
(For example, in India
the Essential Commodities Act has been invoked as a positive measure).
• With regards to the accessibility of food, what measures are states
taking to avoid food
speculation and the increase of food’s prices?
• Are food-related social protection programs and schemes (e.g. school
feeding programs and
soup kitchens) disrupted or have stopped completely? Are other measures
taken to ensure the
availability of adequate food following hygienic rules?
• Are soup kitchens, food assistance programs or food banks closed? If that
is the case, how is
this the gap covered, if at all? Have any alternatives been developed?
• Have you observed a surge in direct selling schemes and local and
solidarity-based partnerships
between producers and consumers (such as Community Supported Agriculture or
food coops
for example)?
• Have you observed if these short supply chains initiatives have been
supporting vulnerable
(peri)urban poor and those most affected by covid-19?
• Are health facilities and public health services available to all?
• Are there any specific problems to ensure access to water or targeted
measures implemented
by the authorities to ensure such access? Are there conditionalities
imposed for accessing
benefits (e.g. insistence of ID cards and proofs/documents)? Do these
create discrimination?


*Access to Natural Resources and Food Sovereignty*• Have policies on
lockdowns, quarantines and bans on movement led to the loss of harvests of
small-holders? Related questions: Are there proposals to face this problem?
How coherent are
these proposals in your own experience?
• Have agricultural workers lost jobs and their wages? What is the
situation of migrant workers?
• Have farmers’ markets been forced to close as a result of confinement
policies? Or have some
measures been taken to keep them open following specific measures? If so,
which ones?
• Are small-scale food producers restricted/discriminated in other ways
regarding their ability to
provide/sell food? Related question: Are they paid less for their products?
Decent work and social security
• Are there any schemes/policies to avoid layoffs during the crisis?
• Are there any policies/schemes to ensure a decent income for the
population, in particular for
those who cannot work due to confinement measures (for example basic income
programs for
some groups of the society)? Related question: is there any discussion on
the implementation
of universal basic income?
• How are workers in informal sectors affected? Related questions: Are
seasonal migrant workers
able to ensure their livelihoods upon returning home? Are domestic helpers
able to retain work
after the confinement measures?


*Corporate Capture*• Are state measures favoring large food chains (e.g.
supermarkets) and processed food over local
food producers/their cooperatives? Is there any specific support program to
support small food
producers and cooperatives?
• Are states including the business sector in their COVID-19 crisis
decision-making or consultation
spaces (e.g. task forces, committees)? Which actors are/aren’t included?
Are there any
mechanisms for food consumers and small food producers to participate?
• Are states’ measures encouraging the privatization of COVID-19 response
aid, social programs
or schemes?
• Have you observed corporate abuses using the situation caused by the
pandemic which have
an adverse impact on the RTFN? Which ones?
• Are the guidelines for corporations on pay cuts and lay-offs of the
existing employees in line
with national labor law?
• Have there been attempts to declare mining or other activities negatively
impacting the
environment as essential activities and therefore excluded from the
restrictive measures?


*Democracy and Human Rights Defenders*• Are government authorities
(including police) using violence in enforcing measures to contain
the spread of COVID-19? Related question: Is the exceptional or necessity
status being abused?
Is COVID-19 being used as an excuse for the retrogression or regression
measures that could not
be implemented in the past?
• How are governments collecting/using/storing data in the face of COVID-19
and how are
surveillance measures affecting the privacy of persons? Are there people’s
monitoring
initiatives in your country or community? If so, which ones?
• Are authorities using the pandemic in order to abuse power, in particular
against marginalized
groups? Are there specific discrimination patterns?


*Eco Destruction and Climate Change*• Are previous and informed
consultations on environmental or other related issues cancelled
under the excuse of COVID-19?
• Are measures negatively impacting the environment being taken while
people’s attention is
focused on COVID-19?
• Is there any reflection in your country or community on the relation
between eco-destruction,
climate change and COVID-19?
Women’s Rights and LGBTIQ+ Rights
• Do measures implemented by states have a different impact on women and
LGBTQI+ people?
(e.g. quarantine/confinement policies, protection gear or policy for female
workers, pregnancy
or other regular healthcare measures, etc.)?
• Are there any policies/measures/economic support to address the situation
of women as well
as LGBTIQ+ groups?
• Has there been an increase in domestic violence reported in your country
or community?
• Has the burden of paid and unpaid work increased especially for women due
to the
confinement measures, household work and closure of schools?


*Human Rights Principles*• Can people, communities, and others (e.g. trade
unions) affected by state programs and
policies participate in the decision-making of public policies (e.g.
through collective
bargaining)?
• Are any groups of people discriminated?
• Is there credible information available to all regarding the pandemic?
How is this accessed?
• Are there existing grievance redress or complaint mechanisms functioning
during the COVID-
19 crisis? Which possibilities do exist to file RTFN complaints, in
particular those related to
COVID-19?
• Are there any measures/policies in place to ensure that the needs of
marginalized groups are
taken into account and their rights are respected?
International context
• What ‘solidarity’ and cooperation measures have states taken in order to
support other states
in countering the effects of COVID-19 and the realization of the RTFN (ETO
principles)?
• Does such aid include a human rights perspective?
• Are states cooperating (e.g. within intergovernmental organizations) to
realize the RTFN in
response to the COVID-19 crisis?
• If your state is a developing country, has it used the possibility of
suspension of the debt offered
by the International Monetary fund or has requested such suspension?
• Is your country especially affected due to economic sanctions or
bilateral coercive measures
while facing the COVID-19 crisis?
• Are international UN agencies present in your country reacting to the
crisis by following a
human rights approach or just a charity approach?

Please share any other experiences of violations of the RTFN or positive
solutions or measures adopted
or proposed in your country or community at monitoringcovid19 at fian.org
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