PHM-Exch> CANCUN Climate Change - Presentation of Bolivia

[Claudio Schuftan]

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> http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Indian-activist:-Bhopal-ruling,-symbol-of-decayed-justice-18629.html
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> From: AIS Bolivia <aisbol at entelnet.bo>
> La Paz (Bolivia) June 8,2010
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>
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> *CANCUN: Climate Change: Bolivia Propoposals -  *
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>    This is the submission of *Mayo 31 of 2010, for the negotiations
> process on climate change in the framework United Nations, that reiterates
> in a summary form the main proposal that were presented by the Plurinational
> State of Bolivia the 26 of April of 2010,* on basis of the conclusions of
> the World Peoples Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother
> Earth. The content of the Bolivian submission was not taken into account in
> the tex to facilite negotiations among parties, way to the Conference of the
> Parties in Cancun, Mexico.
>
>
> *SUBMISSION BY THE PLURINATIONAL STATE OF BOLIVIA  TO THE AD-HOC WORKING
> GROUP ON  LONG-TERM COOPERATIVE ACTION
> *
>
>
>
> This submission reiterates in a summary form the main proposals that were
> presented by the Plurinational State of Bolivia the 26 of April of 2010, on
> the basis of the conclusions of the World People’s Conference on Climate
> Change and the Rights of Mother Earth. The content of the Bolivian
> submission was not taken into account in the “text to facilitate
> negotiations among Parties. Note by the Chair FCCC/AWGLCA/2010/6”
>
>
> In order to have a balanced text of negotiation, where the main proposals
> of the different parties are not excluded, we expect that these elements
> will be included in the revised text of the chair of the AWG-LCA.
> Integrated vision (to be included in Shared vision)1
>
>
> OP The shared vision for long-term cooperative action is not simply about
> defining the limit on temperature increases and the concentration of
> greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, but must incorporate a comprehensive and
> balanced set of goals, and other essentials such as the recognition of the
> rights of Mother Earth to restore harmony with nature. This is comprised of
> a range of essential elements including:
>
>
> (a) The equitable allocation atmospheric space between developed countries
> and developing countries during the period 1750 to 2050 based on the
> principles of equity and historical responsibility, and the needs of
> developing countries in order to achieve their economic and social
> development and poverty eradication;
>
>
> (b) Aggregate targets for developed country Parties that are not party to
> the Kyoto Protocol for emissions reduction that are comparable to those
> undertaken by Annex I parties to the Kyoto Protocol in the second and
> subsequent commitment periods that reflect their historical responsibilities
> and debts, meet the needs of developing country Parties to an equitable
> share of atmospheric space and are adequate to meet requirements according
> to the IPCC findings and the latest science;
>
>
> (c) Provision of financial resources by developed countries to developing
> countries amounting to at least 6% of the value of GNP of developed
> countries, for adaptation, technology transfer, capacity building and
> mitigation;
>
>
> (d) Provisions by developed countries of means of implementation to
> developing countries to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate change, to
> meet the costs of its adverse effects and to repay adaptation debts;
>
>
> (e) The transfer of environmentally sound technologies to developing
> countries and enhancement of their endogenous capacities and technologies,
> including the identification and removal of all barriers to access to
> technologies at the most affordable cost and appropriate treatment of
> intellectual property rights including exclusion of patents on climate
> related technologies to developing country Parties;
>
>
> (f) Capacity building to enable the upgrading of developing countries
> institutional capacities to address climate change and its adverse effect;
>
>
> (g) Measures by developing countries to mitigate climate change, including
> nationally appropriate mitigation actions supported and enabled by developed
> countries
>
>
> (h) Quantified changes to the unsustainable patterns of consumption and
> production by developed countries, including through the substantial
> reduction of their high per capita greenhouse gas emissions.
>
>
> Goal in temperature and ppm (to be included in Shared vision)
>
>
> OP Developed countries shall take the lead and strive towards returning
> greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to well below 300 ppm CO2eq
> with a view to returning concentrations to levels as close as possible to
> pre-industrial levels in the longer-term, and to limit the average global
> temperatures to a maximum level of 1º C with deep and adequate economy wide
> emissions reductions in the medium and long terms and taking effective
> measures to fulfill their commitments relating to the provision of
> substantial financial resources, capacity building  and to provide
> technology development and transfer of environmentally sound technologies
> and know how to developing country Parties.
>
>
> Mother Earth Rights (text to be included in Shared vision)
>
>
> PP Acknowledging that to address climate change, we must recognize Mother
> Earth as the source of life and that it is a living system, with which we
> have an indivisible, interdependent and complementary relationship and that
> to achieve the realization of human rights and human dignity it is necessary
> to recognize and defend the rights of Mother Earth.
>
>
> OP A shared vision for Long-term Cooperative Action in order to reestablish
> harmony with nature should promote the recognition and defense of Mother
> Earth Rights, through a Declaration in the United Nations.
>
>
> Structural causes (to be included in Shared vision)
>
>
> PP Determined to deal with the root causes of climate change, including the
> elimination of unsustainable patterns of consumption and production in the
> developed country Parties and the dominant global financial and economic
> system that gives rise to these, and that a new system must be built to
> restore harmony with nature and among humans and that there can only be
> balance with nature if there is equity among human beings,
>
>
> PP Advocating a development model that is not destructive or based on
> unlimited growth, and recognizing that countries need to produce goods and
> services to meet the basic needs of its population, but by no means can
> continue on the current path of development in which richer countries have a
> carbon footprint five times larger than the planet can bear.
>
>
> OP Promote quantified changes to the unsustainable patterns of consumption
> and production by developed countries, including through the substantial
> reduction of their high per capita greenhouse gas emissions, and the
> development of an analysis and debate in relation to the structural causes
> of climate change.
>
>
> Equitable distribution of atmospheric space (to be included in Shared
> vision)
>
>
> PP Recognizing that an equitable sharing of atmospheric space is an
> inalienable fundamental right of all nations and peoples, and that economic,
> social and sustainable development are the first and overriding priorities
> of developing country Parties, which has been limited by the overuse of
> developed countries of the atmosphere, through their past, current and
> proposed future emissions.
>
>
> OP Achieving an equitable allocation of global atmospheric space between
> developed and developing countries shall be determined by reference to:
>
>
> a) An agreed global emission budget between the period 1750 to 2050;
> b) An agreed methodology for sharing the global emissions budget among
> developed and developing countries taking into account their present and
> future population, and
> c) The allocation, based on this methodology, of total and domestic
> assigned amounts to Annex I parties under the Kyoto Protocol and targets for
> a comparable effort for Annex I parties that are not party to the Kyoto
> Protocol.
>
>
> Court of Climate and Environmental Justice (to be included in Shared
> vision)
>
>
> PP Recognizing that developed countries have not fulfilled their
> commitments and that it is necessary to have a judicial mechanisms that
> guarantees the implementation of the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol.
>
>
> OP Parties shall promote the establishment of an International Court of
> Climate and Environmental Justice, whose aim is to contribute to preventing
> actions causing environmental pollution and climate change.
>
>
> Referendum (to be included in Shared vision)
>
>
> PP Recognizing that the decision about climate change is not only a matter
> of decision of governments and their technical representatives, but concerns
> us all, as citizens of the world.
>
>
> PP Recognizing that is essential to carry out a global consultation about
> determining decisions that implies the impact of climate change on the
> future of Mother Earth and human life,
>
>
> OP Parties agree to support and promote a world plebiscite or referendum on
> climate change open to the global public and the terms of this referendum
> will be considered by the COP.
>
>
> Climate Debt (to be included in shared vision, mitigation, adaptation,
> finance and technology transfer)
>
>
> PP Affirming that the historical emissions of developed countries are
> responsible for climate change and its adverse effects to developing
> countries and that developed countries are thus responsible for compensating
> developing countries as part of a climate debt owed by developed countries
> to developing countries,
>
>
> PP Emphasizing that further delay by developed country Parties in
> implementing their commitments to reduce emissions will increase their
> climate debt to the developing country Parties and significantly constrain
> opportunities to achieve lower stabilization levels of greenhouse gases and
> increase the risk of more severe climate change impacts,
>
>
> OP Developed countries in assuming their historical responsibility, hereby
> recognize and commit to honor their climate debt in all its dimensions, as
> the basis for a just, effective and scientific climate change solution,
> including through:
>
>
> • Reserving for developing countries the atmospheric space which is
> currently occupied by developed countries’ emissions of greenhouse gases;
> • Assuming the costs and technology transfer needs of developing countries
> arising from the loss of development opportunities by having to live under a
> restricted atmospheric space;
> • Being accountable for the hundreds of millions of people that will have
> to migrate as a result of climate change and to remove their restrictive
> policies on migration, including by providing migrants with opportunities to
> achieve a decent life and with all human rights;
> • Assuming adaptation debt related to the impacts of climate change on
> developing countries by providing the means to prevent, minimize and deal
> with damages arising from their excessive emissions, as well as the
> opportunity costs;
> • Honoring those debts as part of a major debt to Mother Earth by taking
> and implementing the Universal Declaration on the Rights of Mother Earth at
> the United Nations.
>
>
> The scale and timing of emission reductions by Annex I countries must be
> sufficient to ensure that developed countries’ historical debt for their
> excessive past consumption of environmental space, and their continuing
> excessive per-capita emissions, is fully repaid to developing countries.
>
>
> Indigenous peoples (to be included in shared vision, mitigation, adaptation
> and technology transfer)
>
>
> OP The full and effective implementation of the right to consultation,
> participation and prior, free and informed consent of Indigenous Peoples is
> needed in all negotiation processes and in the design and implementation of
> measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change.
>
>
> OP The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and ILO
> Convention 169 shall be fully recognized, implemented and integrated in
> climate change actions.
>
>
> OP Indigenous and traditional knowledge and technologies form a valuable
> and useful part of the knowledge and technologies that are appropriate and
> useful for mitigation and adaptation activities in addressing climate change
> and that these have to be supported and be part of technology development,
> transfer and deployment.
>
>
> Finance (to be included in Finance, Shared Vision, Mitigation, Adaptation,
> Technology transfer, Capacity building)
>
>
> OP Developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex
> II in accordance with their commitments under the Convention including
> Article 4, paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9 shall provide substantial, new,
> additional, adequate, predictable and sustained public funding additional to
> and different from the ODA to meet the agreed full costs and/or incremental
> costs incurred by developing country Parties to effectively implement their
> commitments under the Convention, taking into consideration that sources for
> the fulfillment of these commitments shall come exclusively from public
> funding and not from markets.
>
>
> OP Developed country Parties shall, beginning in 2013, provide resources
> equivalent to at least 6% of their GNP comprising 3% for adaptation, 1% for
> mitigation, 1% for technology development and transfer and 1% for capacity
> building.
>
>
> Migration (to be included in Shared Vision and Adaptation)
>
>
> OP Developed countries, assuming their responsibilities of the adverse
> impacts of climate change, must assume as a dimension of their climate debt,
> being accountable for the hundreds of millions of people that will have to
> migrate as a result of climate change and to remove their restrictive
> policies on migration, including by providing migrants with opportunities to
> achieve a decent life and with all human rights;
>
>
> OP As a part of the institutional framework on adaptation, an international
> mechanism shall be established to address the needs of individuals and
> peoples displaced due to the adverse effects of climate change and   the
> infringements of human rights resulting from the adverse effects of climate
> change.
>
>
> Mitigation (text to be included in Mitigation 1bi)
>
>
> PP Reaffirming that the Kyoto Protocol shall remain as the specific binding
> instrument for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases in developed
> countries)
>
>
> OP All Annex I Parties to the Convention, as part of their emissions debt
> and in accordance with their commitments of Article 4.2 of the Convention,
> shall undertake ambitious national economy-wide binding targets for
> quantified emission reduction commitments in aggregate of at least 50% of
> their domestic greenhouse gas emissions during the period 2013 to 2017 and
> by more than 100% before 2040, compared to their 1990 levels through
> domestic reduction actions and without the use of carbon markets or other
> offsetting mechanisms.
>
>
> OP For any Annex I Party to the Convention that is also a Party to the
> Kyoto Protocol, its emission reduction target for the second and subsequent
> commitment periods under the Kyoto Protocol shall be considered as their
> economy wide commitment.
>
>
> OP For an Annex I Party to the Convention that is not a Party to the Kyoto
> Protocol, its economy wide emission .reduction commitment shall be
> comparable in magnitude, time scale and compliance to the economy wide
> commitments referred to in the previous paragraph.  Such commitments shall
> be reflected in a declaration by that Party and recognized through a
> decision of the Conference of Parties.
>
>
> OP If, after measuring, reporting and verifying, the failure of a developed
> country to fulfill its reduction commitments is identified then penalties
> should be applied. This may include increased future reduction commitments
> by an amount calculated as a multiple of the shortfall in implementation.
> Financial contributions may also be assessed as penalties or fines and paid
> into an enhanced financial mechanism under the Conference of Parties.
>
>
> NAMAs (to be included in Mitigation 1bii)
>
> OP (1b2) Nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) of non-Annex I
> Parties are voluntary measures and/or programs to mitigate climate change
> under Article 4.1 of the Convention that are enabled by finance, technology
> and capacity building in accordance with Articles 4.3 and 4.5, and based on
> their specific national priorities and circumstances and in the context of
> sustainable development. A system shall be established under the financial
> mechanism to ensure that the developing countries' mitigation actions are
> enabled and supported by finance, technology and capacity building.
>
>
> OP (1b2) Emission reductions resulting from NAMAs shall not be used to
> offset quantified emission reduction targets undertaken by Annex I Parties
> to the Convention.
>
>
> Forest (to be included in Mitigation 1biii)
>
>
> OP The following principles and elements will apply to forest related
> actions and the proposed framework:
>
>
> • Environmental integrity.
> • Guarantee rights of indigenous peoples under the basis of international
> normative instruments and local communities in conservation and
> participation in forest management.
> • No market mechanism on forest related actions.
> • No offset mechanism that imply that developed countries will use emission
> reductions that were made by developing countries in order to fulfill their
> emission reductions commitments.
> • Ensure sovereignty and national as well as local control over forest
> related activities.
>
>
> OP The definition of forest used in the negotiations should not include
> plantations, as monoculture plantations are not forests.  Forest
> conservation can be funded, including adaptation activities related to
> forests.
>
>
> OP We agree that the best strategy and action to avoid deforestation and
> degradation and protect native forests and the forest is to recognize and
> guarantee the collective rights of the lands and territories, especially of
> indigenous peoples and nations, and traditional farming communities.
>
>
> OP A framework for the delivery of financial resources for forest related
> actions is hereby established to fund the agreed full incremental costs for
> the implementation of developing countries’ commitments under Article 4.1
> (d) to promote sustainable management; and promote and cooperate in the
> conservation and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of all greenhouse
> gases, including forests ecosystems.
>
>
> OP Eligibility criteria for funding forest related activities should
> include the following:
>
>
> • Equitable distribution of funds must be assured
> • Support for proposals that address the underlying causes of forest loss,
> including actions within but not limited to the forest sector;
> • Support for proposals that guarantee lasting protection of natural
> forests and reduction of deforestation and degradation, enhanced forest law
> enforcement and improved forest governance, and strengthened recognition of
> Indigenous Peoples and community rights, regardless of whether the impact of
> these measures can be immediately quantified in terms of carbon emission
> units;
> • Proposals shall not be considered that allow industrial-scale logging or
> that involve conversion of natural forests to plantations or other
> commercial or infrastructure activities and projects that damage the
> environment or violate the rights of local communities.
> • Encouragement of proposals for activities that involve the full and
> effective participation of forest-dependent Indigenous Peoples and local
> communities.
> • Support for the restoration and maintenance of the forests by indigenous
> peoples and their organizations, including through a global program to
> restore native forests and jungles, managed and administered by the
> communities and their organizations.
> • Proposals and activities should promote good governance, in particular
> with respect to forest policies and law enforcement;
> • Proposals and activities should contain transparent and participatory
> mechanisms to prevent or resolve conflicts over access, use, and ownership
> rights that could arise during the development and/or implementation of
> forest related activities.
>
>
> Agriculture (to be included in 1biv)
>
>
> PP Recognizing that emissions from ecologically harmful and
> chemical-intensive agriculture are a major contributor to climate change and
> the essential  contribution of mitigation actions from ecologically-sound
> forms of agriculture, including traditional agricultural practices by many
> local communities and small farmers
>
> PP Stressing that the promotion of food sovereignty is also a vital part of
> agricultural transformation required to address the climate crisis. The
> concept of food sovereignty is to be understood as the right of people to
> control their own seeds, land, water and food production, ensuring, through
> production in harmony with Mother Earth.
>
>
> OP Decide to phase out inappropriate forms of agriculture that are
> ecologically harmful and that are emission-intensive and to instead take
> measures to promote an environmentally sustainable model of agricultural
> production that also promote food security and food sovereignty and the
> livelihoods and rights of local communities and indigenous peoples.
>
>
> OP Agree that small farmers in developing countries have the right to
> control their own seeds, land, water and food production and that
> appropriate and adequate financing mechanisms shall be established to ensure
> they can maintain and increase control over their resources.
>
>
> OP Decide to review of the global system of agricultural trade, the
> provisions of trade agreements and loan and aid conditions and the
> intellectual property regimes to ensure that policy framework for
> agriculture be appropriate to address the climate crisis and to meet the
> interests of local communities and protect the environment, rejecting the
> practices and technologies harmful to farmers and the environment,
> including, agrochemicals, corporate-controlled seeds and intensive water
> use, genetic engineering, particularly genetic use restriction technology,
> biofuels, nanotechnology, and geo-engineering.
>
>
>
>
> Markets (to be included in 1bv)
>
>
> PP Understanding that a system of markets has resulted in prioritizing the
> extreme competition for profits and growth, and that this has separated
> humanity from nature, establishing a logic of domination over it, turning
> everything into a commodity: water, earth, the human genome, the ancestral
> cultures, biodiversity, justice, ethics, rights of peoples, and life itself;
>
>
> OP There should not be use of an international carbon market or an
> international carbon market approach in the offsetting of Annex I Parties'
> mitigation commitments or in the financing of developing countries' climate
> actions as it has serious adverse effects.
>
>
> OP Parties reject the establishment of new flexible mechanisms that are
> based on carbon markets.
>
>
> Adaptation (to be included in adaptation)
>
>
> PP Recognizing that adaptation to climate change and its economic
> consequences is urgent and essential to the survival and existence of
> developing country Parties,
>
>
> PP Recognizing that adaptation to climate change has a human rights
> dimension because the effects of climate change if not addressed will make
> impossible the realization of the economic and social rights including the
> right to life, to food, to water, to housing and to health.
>
>
> OP Developed countries, recognizing their historical responsibility for
> climate change and its adverse effects, hereby recognize and commit to honor
> their adaptation debt, compensating all the negative impacts of climate
> change on developing countries by:
> • providing the means for developing countries to develop and implement
> adaptation policies, plans, programs and projects through the provision of
> substantial, new and additional public financial resources, environmentally
> sound technologies and capacity building in a predictable and prompt manner
> • Compensating actual damages arising from their excessive emissions,
> • Compensating the opportunity costs; supporting developing country Parties
> efforts to reduce poverty and achieve their development goals.
>
>
> OP An institutional framework on adaptation to climate change is hereby
> established under the Convention to enable developed country Parties, to
> honor their adaptation debts and to fulfill their commitments. The
> institutional arrangements shall comprise:
> • An adaptation committee under the authority and guidance of the
> Conference of Parties.
> • An international mechanism to address the unavoidable loss and damage
> resulting from the adverse effects of climate change, and associated lost
> opportunities for development, with the following functions:
> - Addressing risks associated with climate-related extreme weather events,
> that incorporates measures to reduce, manage and prevent risk;
> - Providing compensation and rehabilitation for climate-related slow onset
> events
> • A compliance mechanism to verify the provisions of financial resources,
> compensation and transfer of technology from developed country Parties
> (within the new operating entity under the Convention Financial mechanism).
>
>
> Technology Transfer (to be included in development and transfer of
> technology)
>
>
> OP Technology transfer from developed to developing countries should be
> free from conditions or impositions. Instead, it is agreed that there must
> be a free exchange of information, knowledge and technologies, under the
> principles of solidarity, reciprocity, respect, complementariness, harmony,
> transparency, balance, permitting an inter-scientific dialogue of knowledge
> and skills.
>
>
> OP Developed countries commit to share the complete technological cycle,
> namely enhancement, development, demonstration, deployment, diffusion and
> transfer of new and existing innovative technologies is urgent and essential
> to strengthening developing country Parties capacities in particular those
> listed in Art. 4.8 of the Convention. Developing countries must be
> recipients of the technological cycle in its integrity.
>
>
> OP A mechanism for technology development and transfer is hereby
> established under the authority of to the Conference of Parties, that
> comprises:
> • A Technology Executive Board aimed to develop strategy and policies,
> provide guidance, assess and elaborate on technology matters and develop a
> Technology Action Plan.
> • Technical Panels for adaptation and mitigation technologies to generate
> and compile expert information.
> • A Technology Action Plan to support concrete programs and actions with
> short, medium and long term actions and programs that covers all sectors.
> • A Multilateral Climate Technology Fund/window to meet the full and the
> full incremental costs of technology transfer (in accordance with Article
> 4.3).
> • A compliance mechanism for measuring and verifying commitments of
> developed country Parties for technology transfer, finance and development;
>
>
> OP Transfer of technology must fully compensate the loss of development
> opportunities due to the costs and technological demands to developing
> countries to live within a restricted atmospheric space.
>
>
> OP Indigenous and traditional knowledge and technologies form a valuable
> and useful part of the knowledge and technologies that are appropriate and
> useful for mitigation and adaptation activities.
>
>
> OP Technologies and innovations that come from public financing destined
> for research and technology development must be located in public domain and
> not under a private patent regime, in such a way that they are of free
> access for developing countries.
>
>
> OP Steps shall be taken to expand technologies in the public domain.
> Nothing in international intellectual property agreements shall be
> interpreted or implemented in a manner that limits or prevents any Party
> from taking measures to address climate change, in particular the
> development and transfer of technologies, including the development and
> enhancement of endogenous capacities and technologies of developing
> countries and transfer of, and access to, environmentally sound technologies
> and know-how.
>
>
> OP Developing countries have the right to make use of the full
> flexibilities contained in the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual
> Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement, including compulsory licensing. Patents
> on climate-related technologies should be excluded.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
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